PRELIMINARY PROGRAM - Coast Geological Society · PRELIMINARY PROGRAM Official 2014 Meeting Sponsor SUPPLEMENT TO

PRELIMINARY PROGRAM

www.smenet.org

Official 2014 Meeting Sponsor

SUPPLEMENT TO

SME’s Annual Meeting is the best opportunity to develop and sharpen your professional skills and knowledge. Technical presentations will feature new horizons and new challenges facing the minerals industry. Networking with 5,000+ professionals is priceless. The Exhibit will feature over 700 companies exhibiting state-of-the-art products and services that you won’t want to miss.

Some Benefits of SME Membership Include:

• OneMine.org – online global mining and mineral library – over 100,000 technical papers and books available for download - FREE!

• Members receive a free monthly subscription to Mining Engineering magazine.

• Members save an average of 25% on books.

• Members save an average of $100 on SME meetings and short courses.

• Members have access to the career site – www.miningjobs.com.

www.smenet.org • [emailprotected] E. Adam Aircraft Circle Englewood, CO 80112800.763.3132 • 303.948.4200

SAVE AN ADDITIONAL $100

When You Register For Short Courses Held in Conjunction

with the Meeting

IT’S EASY!Once your paid application is

received and approved you will be given a member number

which can be used to register at member rates

(a savings of $130 for the 2014 SME Annual Meeting).

Join SME by January 27, 2014 and

SAVE $130on Your 2014 Annual Meeting

Registration Fees!

Join SME Before You Register and Save $$$

SMEProviding the Tools for Your Success

HOW TO REGISTERFor Meeting Registration and

Hotel Reservation

ONLINEwww.smenet.org

PHONE/FAXTelephone: 1-866-229-2386

Fax: 301-694-5124 (Secure Line)

MAILSME Meeting Registration (RET132)

c/o ExperientPO Box 4088

Frederick, MD 21705Full payment MUST be received with

completed registration form.

Registration and Housing forms are provided in this mailer.

When registering online, or by phone/faxDO NOT SEND ANOTHER COPY BY MAIL

Confirmations will be e-mailed to the individual at the address provided on the form. If no e-mail address is provided, confirmation will be sent by regular mail.

CONTENTSAlumni and Special Functions ...............................22Calendar of Events ........................................................ 7Educators Agenda .......................................................21Exhibit Floor Plan ....................................................134Exhibit Highlights ....................................................133Exhibitor Listing .......................................................136Field Trips ......................................................................17Future Meetings ........................................................144General Information .................................................... 4Hotel Information ....................................................145HOTEL RESERVATION FORM........................146

Keynote Session ............................................................. 3Membership, SME ......................Inside Front CoverMentor Program ..........................................................19Program Committee ...................................................28REGISTRATION FORM ....................................147

Short Courses................................................................12SME Foundation Annual Gala Dinner ................... 2Social/Division Highlights .......................................24Special Activities .........................................................23Sponsors/Sponsorship ..........................................139Student Activities ........................................................18TECHNICAL PROGRAM

Sessions-at-a-Glance .........................................29 Monday ...................................................................31 Tuesday ...................................................................50 Wednesday ............................................................99Young Leaders ..............................................................20

ATTENTION EXHIBITORSSpecially prepared registration forms have been provided in your exhibitor service kit. Booth

personnel of exhibiting firms should NOT use the registration form contained in this brochure.For more information contact: SME Exhibit Sales and Operations, 303.948.4228

Please join the SME Foundation for its Annual Gala Dinner

Sunday, February 23, 20146:00 pm – 7:00 pm

co*cktail Reception, Local Brewery Beer Tasting & Silent Auction

7:00 pm – 11:00 pmDinner, Dueling Piano Entertainment & Casino Games

Grand BallroomMarriott Downtown at City Creek • Salt Lake City, UT

Sponsor a table of 8 - $2,500Individual tickets - $105Ticket includes entry into door prize drawing

Benefits of sponsoring a table:1. Your logo and name on sign in middle of table showing sponsorship.2. Special thank you in Mining Engineering magazine in the April issue.

3. Your name/logo scrolling on the overhead screen throughout the dinner.4. Listing in the dinner program as a sponsor.

5. Listing in the SME Pocket Program as a sponsor (deadlines apply). 6. Tickets to the dinner for eight people.

Contact Christina Page to sponsor a table • [emailprotected] 303-948-4224

2 0 1 4WinterFest

WinterFest_Full_Page.indd 1 9/25/13 7:54 AM

Community Engagement: Building Partnerships for Mining

8:30am • Monday, February 24, 2014Salt Palace Convention Center, Salt Lake City, Utah

Mined materials sustain communities and fuel global economic development. Today, the mining industry is facing the challenge of economically extracting minerals in an increasingly resource-constrained world. At the same time, the industry must operate in an increasingly complex social environment that requires consideration of local and global impacts. To preserve its social license to mine, the industry must strive to meet the highest possible standards for transparent and ethical decisions with a view toward future generations. Success in today’s business environment mandates cooperation and collaboration between industry, community, and NGOs. This requires consideration and acceptance of the opportunities and benefits achieved through extraction, processing, and use of minerals and metals, and an assessment of the economic, social, and environmental costs and risks of doing so. This dynamic opening session will feature a professionally moderated panel of experts who represent NGOs and mining companies who work to ensure a social, economic and environmental balance in the development of mines.

Panelists:Anthony Hodge, President, International Council on Mining and Metals

Margaret O’Gorman, President, Wildlife Habitat Council

Marielle Canter Weikel, Senior Director, Responsible Mining & Energy, Center for Environmental Leadership in Business, Conservation International

Eric Lundgren, Director of Business Development and International Programs, Africare

Elaine Dorward-King, Executive Vice President of Sustainability, Newmont Mining Corp.

William Cobb, Vice President, Environment and Sustainable Development, Freeport McMoRan Copper and Gold

Veronica Nyhan Jones, Sustainable Business Advisory and Extractives Lead, International Finance Corp.

2014 SME Keynote Session

SME Introduces the Mining in Society Merit BadgeSME will launch the new Boy Scout Merit Badge, Mining in Society, immediately before

the start of the SME Keynote Session. This brief launch will include a flag ceremony, Boy Scout recognition and a short video. Don’t miss this once in a lifetime event.

ADVANCE DEADLINE: JANUARY 27, 2014For Hotel Reservations and Meeting Registration

All technical sessions, division luncheons, and short courses will be conducted at:Salt Palace Convention Center, 100 South West Temple, Salt Lake City, UT 84601

Website: www.visitsaltlake.com/salt-palace-convention-center

NEW THIS YEAR!PDH Available for AttendeesFor the first time SME will offer PDH for attending sessions at the SME Annual Meeting. Those who are interested can register for this service. SME is offering a comprehensive, online internet product that simplifies the PDH verfication process for attendees. It puts attendees in control of their own session verification, tracking and certificate production. This will allow session attendees to use their own computers or dedicated onsite kiosks to record sessions in which they have participated and to print their own verification certificates whenever and wherever they wish. Those interested can register for this service for $25 on the registration form.

Registration FeesTo receive advance registration rates, SME must receive your registration form and payment by January 27, 2014. After January 27, 2014 on-site registration fees apply. One-day advance registration is available for members and authors only.

SME has created a one-time registration hardship option for the 2014 Annual Meeting available to SME Members only. This option is limited to 150 attendees and will be on a first come, first served basis. Qualified candidates are unemployed or otherwise unable to pay full registration fees and are not receiving any type of company reimbursem*nt for meeting expenses. Authors and session chairs are given preference. Members must submit request in writing disclosing the circ*mstances for the hardship and needs to be received no later than January 27, 2014 to be considered. Please submit written request to [emailprotected] or fax to 303.979.3461.

Nonmember RegistrantsJoin SME by January 27, 2014 and save money on your full meeting registration fee.

Registration PolicyAll attendees and authors at the SME Annual Meeting are required to register. Nonmember authors may register at the member rate. The one-day rate for members is available only for the day you want to attend (Sunday, Monday, Tuesday or Wednesday). The appropriate badge is required for admittance to the technical sessions and exhibit and will be checked at the entrance of all activities. Attendees interested in touring the exhibit only can purchase a one-day pass. Exhibit-only registrations ARE NOT permitted to attend the technical sessions.

Legion of Honor Registration PolicyLegion of Honor Members are entitled to receive reduced registration fees for the 2014 SME Annual Meeting. Attendees requesting this category of registration must meet eligibility requirements and must be on record at SME as a Legion of Honor Member. A Legion of Honor Member must have acquired 50 years of membership. SME Members are automatically moved to this membership class.

Senior Member Registration PolicyRetired Senior Members are entitled to receive reduced registration fees for the 2014 SME Annual Meeting. Attendees requesting this category of registration must meet eligibility requirements and must be on record at SME as a Senior Member. A Senior Member is a retired member who has reached 70 years of age with 30 continuous years of membership with SME. Individuals must contact the SME Membership Department and request this category of membership (based on qualifications). Questions regarding Senior Member status should be directed to the SME Membership Coordinator at 303-948-4204.

Student Registration PolicyStudent registrants for the 2014 SME Annual Meeting & Exhibit must meet eligibility requirements. SME requires that an individual must be attending a college, university, or higher education institution on a full-time basis to qualify for student registration rates. SME cannot process student registrations without evidence that you are a full-time student. Students enrolled in 12 or more semester credit hours are considered full-time. When sending your registration please provide registration confirmation from your educational institution. Acceptable confirmation includes: transcript, most recent report card, or official school registration documents. Student registration forms without this information will not be processed.

Cancellation/Substitution PolicyIf circ*mstances require you to cancel your SME registration, you must do so in writing. Written notice must be sent to SME Meeting Registration, c/o Experient, PO Box 4088, Frederick, MD 21705. Cancellations received by January 27, 2014 will receive a full refund, less a $100 processing fee. There are no refunds for no-shows and cancellations postmarked after January 27, 2014. Registrants are responsible for cancellation of their own hotel accommodations. Substitutions will be accepted in writing at no charge until January 27, 2014. After January 27, 2014 a $25 fee will be charged for substitutions.

NO REFUNDS – for Registration, Short Course, Social Function, Tour and Field Trip tickets will be issued after the January 27, 2014 DEADLINE.

GENERAL INFORMATION

International Delegates –Letter of InvitationSME will send a letter of invitation to paid, full registrants upon request. Invitations are intended to help international delegates raise travel funds or obtain a visa. It is not a commitment from the Conference or the organizers to provide any financial support. Request for letters of invitation must include: attendee name, job title, company name, mailing address (PO Boxes are not acceptable), city, state/province, country, zip/postal code, phone and fax number, and beginning and end dates of travel. Also provide the address, phone and fax number of your embassy. All items must be submitted to complete a letter of invitation.Send your written request to: SME Meetings Dept., 12999 E. Adam Aircraft Circle, Englewood, CO 80112 USA or e-mail: [emailprotected].

Housing Reservation InformationHotel accommodations are available at the Salt Lake City Marriott Downtown, Radisson Hotel, Salt Lake Plaza Hotel, Shilo Inn Hotel, Hotel Monaco, Hilton Salt Lake City Center, Marriott City Center, Sheraton City Center Hotel, Hyatt Place, Grand America and Little America. See page 145 for detailed hotel and address information.Please complete the Hotel Reservation form and RETURN NO LATER THAN JANUARY 27, 2014 TO:

SME Housing Bureau, c/o ExperientEvent Code: RET 132PO Box 4088Frederick, MD 21705

Phone: 1-866-229-2386Fax: 301-694-5124E-mail: [emailprotected]: www.smenet.org

DO NOT send your housing form to SME.

A VALID CREDIT CARD NUMBER MUST ACCOMPANY THE COMPLETED HOTEL RESERVATION FORM TO GUARANTEE

RESERVATION.

Acknowledgements will be sent either by e-mail or fax from the SME Housing Bureau.

IMPORTANT NOTICE: SME has received several reports that wholesalers have been contacting attendees and exhibitors offering great deals on hotels for the SME Annual Meeting & Exhibit. While it is not illegal for a travel firm or booking agent to solicit potential customers, it can be difficult to determine the legitimacy of offers from these organizations. Those who opt for alternatives to the SME negotiated rates may find themselves at risk. SME reminds their attendees that we have no affiliation with any of these room brokers. The official SME Housing Office is Experient.

Purchasing TicketsAttendees must register to purchase tickets for social functions and/or field trips. Registrants may purchase multiple tickets.

USB Flash Drive – Meeting Pre-printsSponsored by Mintec, Inc.Each full, one-day and student registrants will receive a USB flash drive of pre-prints from the 2014 SME Annual Meeting. Additional flash drives are available for purchase. See Registration Form in this mailer. These will be available for pick-up in the SME Bookstore during the meeting (offer excludes discounted and exhibits only registrations).

RibbonsPlease pick up any ribbons for specific volunteer work at the Ribbons/Special Assistance desk at the Registration Counter.

Short CoursesSME Short Courses will be conducted at the Salt Palace Convention Center. See page 12 for details.

Technical SessionsAll technical sessions will be conducted at the Salt Palace Convention Center. Technical session information starts on page 31.

Field TripsField trips are subject to cancellation based on limited attendance. Make your reservations early using the registration form. See page 17 for field trip details.

SME Cyber CafeThe Cyber Cafe will be located in the exhibit hall at the Salt Palace Convention Center. Computers will be available during exhibit hours to surf the net, retrieve and send e-mail messages, and view mining websites.

Registration HoursOn-site registration will be conducted during the following hours in the Convention Center.

Saturday, February 22 7:00am – 5:00pm(Short Courses Only)

Saturday, February 22 8:00am – 5:00pm(Exhibitor Registration Only)

Sunday, February 23 7:00am – 6:00pmMonday, February 24 7:00am – 5:30pmTuesday, February 25 7:00am – 5:30pmWednesday, February 26 7:00am – 2:00pm

GENERAL INFORMATION

Exhibit HoursExhibitor products and services will be showcased at the 2014 SME Annual Meeting at the Salt Palace Convention Center. Badges are required for admittance. All food and beverage functions held in the exhibit hall will be located in the four lounges and restaurants.Sunday, February 23 4:00pm – 6:00pmMonday, February 24 11:00am – 5:30pmTuesday, February 25 11:00am – 5:30pmWednesday, February 26 8:00am – Noon

SME Bookstore HoursThe SME Bookstore will be located in the Salt Palace Convention Center. It will feature SME publications and a large selection of merchandise. You can also pick up your copy of the pre-print flash drive of the 2014 Annual Meeting by redeeming the ticket enclosed in your registration packet on-site.

The SME Bookstore will be open the following hours:Sunday, February 23 8:00am – 6:00pmMonday, February 24 8:00am – 5:30pmTuesday, February 25 8:00am – 5:30pmWednesday, February 26 8:00am – 2:00pm

AirportSalt Lake City International AirportAirport Code: SLC

For detailed information regarding Salt Lake City International Airport, please contact the airport directly or visit the official Web page at: www.slcairport.com.

Transportation ServicesDowntown Salt Lake City is accessible via shuttle, taxi, and personal vehicle.

TRAX LightrailThe local lightrail service, Utah Transit Authority, serves the downtown area. Departures from SLC International Airport are 5:30am - 1:00am outside baggage claim, fare $2.50.

Taxi ServiceTaxi service from Salt Lake City International Airport to downtown Salt Lake is approximately $20.00 one-way. Taxis are available outside baggage claim at the main terminal or at area hotels.

Van ServiceSeveral companies provide van services to a wide range of locations including Express Shuttle, 1-800-397-0773, fare $7 one way.

Transportation Information Line: 801-575-2477

Driving directions from Salt Lake City InternationalAirport to downtown Salt Lake City:• Start out going North on TERMINAL; take exit

AIRCARGO/HIGH LOAD exit.• Follow signs to airport exit.• Take I-80 East towards Ogden/Provo.• Follow to W 600 S/UT269 E.• Turn left onto S West Temple/UT 270.

The airport is approximately 8 miles from downtown Salt Lake City. Please refer to page 133 for addressesand locations of hotels.

ParkingThe Salt Palace Convention Center offers a number of parking options nearby. Two parking lots are located at the Salt Palace with a total of 1,000 parking spaces. Parking is only $10/day (No in/out privileges). Entrance to parking lots: South Parking Lot (covered lot) 175 W. 200 S. and West Parking Lot (uncovered lot) 250 W. 100 S. Check with your selected hotel regarding parking services, rates and availability.

Meeting Registration IncludesFULL REGISTRANTS RECEIVE• 2014 Pre-print USB Flash Drive• Daily Exhibit Hall Access• Grand Opening Reception (Sunday, Exhibit Hall)

• Welcoming Luncheon (Monday, Exhibit Hall) • Admittance to Technical Sessions• Admittance to Keynote Session• Afternoon Social (Tuesday, Exhibit Hall)

• Continental Breakfast (Wednesday, Exhibit Hall)

1-DAY MEMBER-ONLY REGISTRANTS RECEIVE• 2014 Pre-print USB Flash Drive• Exhibit Hall Access (On Registered Day)

• Grand Opening Reception (Sunday Registrants Only, Exhibit Hall)

• Welcoming Luncheon (Monday Registrants Only, Exhibit Hall)

• Admittance to Technical Sessions (On Registered Day)

• Admittance to Keynote Session (Monday Registrants Only)

• Afternoon Social (Tuesday Registrants Only, Exhibit Hall)

• Continental Breakfast (Wednesday, Exhibit Hall)

EXHIBIT HALL-ONLY REGISTRANTS RECEIVE• Exhibit Hall Access (On Registered Day)

• Grand Opening Reception (Sunday Registrants Only, Exhibit Hall)

• Welcoming Luncheon (Monday Registrants Only, Exhibit Hall)

• Admittance to Keynote Session (Monday Registrants Only)

• Afternoon Social (Tuesday Registrants Only, Exhibit Hall)

• Continental Breakfast (Wednesday, Exhibit Hall)Shuttle Service

There will be NO SHUTTLE SERVICE provided between hotels and the Salt Palace Convention Center.

Please see the hotel concierge for alternatives.

GENERAL INFORMATION

CC - Salt Palace Convention Center • M - Marriott Downtown • H - Hilton

Exhibitor Booth Set-Up 10x20 Booths and Larger

(by appointment only) 11am – 5pm • CC

Friday, February 21, 2014

Saturday, February 22, 2014

EXHIBITOR SET-UP 8am – 5pm • Exhibit Hall • CC

EXHIBITOR REGISTRATION 8am – 5pm • CC

SHORT COURSESShort Course Registration 7am – 9am • CC

Short Course Coffee Break 7:15am – 9am • CC

Short Course: Accelerated Engi-neering Studies: Effective Integra-tion of Hydrogeology, Geochemis-try and Geomechanics During the Resource and Reserve Stages of a Mining Project 9am – 5pm • CC

Short Course: Copper Heap Leach 9am – 5pm • CC

Short Course: Mine to Mill Process Optimization 9am – 5pm • CC

Short Course: Mine-Waste Characterization 9am – 5pm • CC

Short Course: Understanding the New Rules and New Guidance Under NI 43-101 Standards of Dis-closure for Mineral Projects 9am – 5pm • CC

Short Course Coffee Break 10:15am – 10:30am • CC

Short Course Lunch Noon – 1:00pm • CC

Short Course Break 2:30pm – 3pm • CC

BOARD & COMMITTEE MEETINGS

Leadership Orientation 8am – Noon • M

Audit Committee 9am – 11am • M

ABET General Information & Training Lunch Noon – 1pm • M

ABET General Information & Training 1pm – 5pm • M

Strategic Committees Breakout Meetings 1pm – 4pm • M

Strategic Committees Joint Meeting 4pm – 5pm • M

Online Services Committee 3pm – 5pm • M

Board of Directors Meeting (Closed Session) 5pm – 6:30pm • M

CALENDAR OF EVENTS

EXHIBITOR REGISTRATION 8am – 2pm • CC

EXHIBITOR SET-UP 8am – 2pm • Exhibit Hall • CC

REGISTRATION 7am – 6pm • Lobby B • CC

SME BOOKSTORE 8am – 6pm • Lobby B • CC

EXHIBITS OPENING 4pm – 6pm • Exhibit Hall • CC

SHORT COURSES

Short Course Registration 7am – 9am • CC

Short Course Coffee Break 7:15am – 9am • CC

Short Course: Accelerated Engi-neering Studies: Effective Integra-tion of Hydrogeology, Geochemis-try and Geomechanics During the Resource and Reserve Stages of a Mining Project 9am – 5pm • CC

Short Course: Copper Heap Leach 9am – 5pm • CC

Short Course: Mine to Mill Process Optimization 9am – 5pm • CC

Short Course: Mine-Waste Characterization 9am – 5pm • CC

Short Course: Understanding the New Rules and New Guidance Under NI 43-101 Standards of Dis-closure for Mineral Projects 9am – 5pm • CC

Short Course: Effective Communi-cation 9am – 5pm • CC

Short Course: Mine Closure: Les-sons Learned and Closure Con-cepts 9am – 5pm • CC

Short Course: Water Management in Mining 9am – 5pm • CC

Short Course Coffee Break 10:15am – 10:30am • CC

Short Course Luncheon Noon – 1pm • CC

Short Course Break 2:30pm – 3pm • CC

BOARD & COMMITTEE MEETINGS

SME/NSSGA Student Design Competition Finals Presentations 7am – 2pm • H

Foundation Campaign Steering Committee 7:30am – 9:30am • M

WAAIME Executive Committee 8am – Noon • M

Professional Engineers Exam Committee Workshop 8am – 4pm • H

Coal & Energy Division Executive Committee 9am – Noon • M

Environmental Division Executive Committee 9am – Noon • M

IM&AD Executive Committee 9am – Noon • M

M&E Division Executive Committee 9am – Noon • M

MPD Executive Committee 9am – Noon • M

Mineral Schools Department Heads 9:30am – Noon • CC

Foundation Fundraising Committee 10am – 11am • M

Foundation Communications Committee 11am – Noon • M

Student Chapter Reps Subcommittee 11am – Noon • CC

Board of Directors 12pm – 4pm • M

IM&AD Program Committee 1pm – 2pm • M

Student Forum and Reception 1pm – 3pm • CC

Scholarship Task Force Meeting 1pm – 3pm • M

Coal & Energy Unit Committee 2pm – 3pm • M

MPD Unit Committee 2pm – 3pm • M

Mentor Meeting Place 3pm – 5pm • CC

Coal & Energy Nominating Commitee Meeting 3pm – 5pm • M

Educators Forum 3pm – 5pm • CC

Annual Meeting of Members 4pm – 5pm • M

MMSA Annual Meeting 4pm – 6pm • M

SOCIAL FUNCTIONS

Exhibit Hall Grand Opening Reception 4pm – 6pm • CC

SME Foundation Winterfest Gala Dinner (Ticketed) 6pm – 7pm: co*cktails • M 7pm – 11pm: Dinner, Awards, Dueling Pianos and Casino Night • M

Student Mixer 9pm – Midnight • H

CC - Salt Palace Convention Center • M - Marriott Downtown • H - Hilton

CALENDAR OF EVENTS

Sunday, February 23, 2014

REGISTRATION 7am – 5:30pm • CC

AUTHORS’ COFFEE 7:30am – 8:30am • CC

SPEAKER READY ROOM 7:30am – 5pm • CC

SME BOOKSTORE 8am – 5:30pm • CC

SME KEYNOTE SESSION 8:30am – 11am • CC

EXHIBIT 11am – 5:30pm • Exhibit Hall• CC

SME FOUNDATION SILENT AUCTION 11am – 5:30pm • Exhibit Hall• CC

DREYER LECTURE 1:30pm – 2:30pm • CC

MPD PLENARY LECTURES: Gaudin, Richards, and Wadsworth Lectures 2:00pm – 4:30pm • CC

BOARD & COMMITTEE MEETINGS

M&MP Editorial Board 7am – 8:30am • M

MPD Nominating Committee 7am – 9am • M

IM&AD Technical Committee 8am – 9am • CC

Environmental Division Business Meeting 8am – 9am • CC

WAAIME Scholarship Committee 8am – 4pm • M

Young Leaders Mentoring Session (by ticket only) 11am – 1pm • CC

Bulk Material Handling Committee 11:30am – 1pm • CC

Health & Safety Committee Meeting 11:30am – 1pm • CC

Local Section Leaders Meeting & Luncheon 11:30am – 1:30pm • CC

Ground Control Conference Committee Meeting Noon – 1:30pm • CC

Accreditation and Curricular Issues 1pm – 3pm • CC

OneMine Board Meeting 2pm – 4pm • M

Young Leaders Committee 2pm – 5pm • M

ABET Visitor Selection Committee (Closed) 3pm – 5pm • CC

IM&AD Nominating Committee 4pm – 6pm • M

Dreyer Award Committee 4pm – 5:30pm • M

SOCIAL FUNCTIONS

Spouse/Guest Meet and Greet Brunch 11am – 1pm • M

Exhibit Hall Luncheon 11:30am – 1pm • Exhibit Hall • CC

New Member Orientation & Reception 5pm – 6:30pm • CC

WAAIME Members & Scholarship Recipients Reception (Invitation Only) 5pm – 6:30pm • M

2nd International Symposium on Water in Mineral Processing (Ticketed) 5pm – 7pm • M

Rising Professionals Social (Ticketed) 7pm – 9pm • M

CC - Salt Palace Convention Center • M - Marriott Downtown • H - Hilton

CALENDAR OF EVENTS

Monday, February 24, 2014

I am a mentor to tomorrow’s engineers.

A mover and shaker. An agent of change.

I am a member of SME’s Young Leaders.

I’ve earned the privilege of helping Student Members

gain information…network with industry players…

and transition into more active roles within SME.

What’s in it for me? The knowledge that I’m doing

good things for the future of my profession.

In turn, SME throws some sweet benefits my way:

special programming like management training and

resume building, tailored to my needs. And at National,

I can take my pick of prime projects and committees.

Plus, SME serves the needs of my generation by being

a digital society. From online job search, to e-books,

to SME’s presence on Facebook and more, the tools

I need are at my fingertips—anywhere in the world.

What a time to be in natural resources!

And what an opportunity to succeed

through my profession’s most precious

resource: the new SME.

Visit smenet.org now to see what’s new. Relevant. You.

I am SME.

Your most precious resource.

SME YoungProfessionalsAds:Layout 1 6/1/09 8:45 AM Page 1

Tuesday, February 25, 2014

REGISTRATION 7am – 5:30pm • CC

AUTHORS’ COFFEE 7:30am – 8:30am • CC

SPEAKER READY ROOM 7:30am – 5pm • CC

SME BOOKSTORE 8am – 5:30pm • CC

EXHIBIT 11am – 5:30pm • Exhibit Hall • CC

SME FOUNDATION SILENT AUCTION 11am – 5:30pm • Exhibit Hall• CC

SME 2015 ANNUAL MEETING EXHIBIT SPACE SALES 10am – 5pm • CC

BOARD & COMMITTEE MEETINGS

Foundation Board of Trustees Meeting 7am – 9am • M

OTC Planning Committee 7am – 9am • M

SME/NSSGA Student Design Competition Planning Meeting 8am – 9am • CC

Sustainable Development Committee 8am – 9am • CC

Peer Review Editorial Board Meeting 9am – 10am • CC

Mining Engineering Committee 10am – 11am • CC

Student Member Affairs Committee 10am – Noon • CC

Silent Auction – Environmental Division 11am – 4pm • Exhibit Hall • CC

Coal & Energy Division Business Meeting (held during Luncheon) Noon – 2pm • CC

IM&AD Business Meeting 1:45pm – 2pm • CC

Mining in Society Merit Badge Counselor Training 2pm – 4pm • CC

Research Council Meeting 2pm – 4pm • CC

Information Publishing Committee 3pm – 5pm • M

Government & Public Affairs Committee 3pm – 5pm • M

Council of Education & Accreditation 4pm – 5pm • CC

M&E/Coal Underground Ventilation Unit Committee 4pm – 5pm • CC

SOCIAL FUNCTIONS

Women of SME Breakfast (Ticketed) 7:30am – 9am • M

Coal & Energy Division Luncheon, Silent Auction and Business Meeting (Ticketed) Noon – 1:30pm • CC

Environmental Division Luncheon (Ticketed) Noon – 1:30pm • CC

IM&AD Luncheon and Silent Auction (Ticketed) Noon – 2pm • CC

Exhibit Hall Afternoon Social 3:30pm – 5:30pm • Exhibit Hall • CC

Plant Operators Open Forum 4pm – 5pm • CC

Barrick North America’s Operators Session 4pm – 5:30pm • CC

Bulk Materials Poster Session and Reception 4pm – 6:30pm • CC

International Visitor’s Reception (Invitation Only) 5:30pm – 7pm • M

Scotch Nightcap Scholarship Fundraiser (Ticketed) 8pm – 11pm • M

CC - Salt Palace Convention Center • M - Marriott Downtown • H - Hilton

CALENDAR OF EVENTS

Wednesday, February 26, 2014

Thursday, February 27, 2014

REGISTRATION 7am – 2pm • Foyer • CC

AUTHORS’ COFFEE 7:30am – 8:30am • CC

SPEAKER READY ROOM 7:30am – 5pm • CC

SME BOOKSTORE 8am – 2pm • CC

EXHIBIT 8am – Noon • Exhibit Hall • CC

SME FOUNDATION SILENT AUCTION 8am – Noon • Exhibit Hall• CC

EXHIBITOR MOVE-OUT Noon – 8pm • Exhibit Hall • CC

JACKLING LECTURE 1:30pm – 2pm • CC

2015 SME ANNUAL MEETING EXHIBIT SPACE SALES 8am – 11am • CC

BOARD & COMMITTEE MEETINGS

2015 SME Annual Meeting Program Committee 7:30am – 9am • CC

SME/AIME Past President’s Breakfast 7:30am – 9am • M

2016 SME Annual Meeting Program Committee 9am – 10am • CC

Minerals Education Coalition Commitee Meeting 9am – Noon • CC

Distinguished Member Award Nominating Committee (Closed) 10am – 11am • CC

Educational Sustainability 10am – Noon • CC

Registered Member Admissions Committee 11am – 12:30pm • CC

MPD Business Meeting 1:45pm – 2pm • CC

International Committee Meeting 2pm – 4pm • CC

M&E Division Business Meeting 2pm – 2:30pm • CC

M&E Division Unit Committee 2:30pm – 3:30pm • CC

Environmental Division Nominating Planning Committee Meeting 3pm – 5pm • CC

MPD Executive Committee 3pm – 4pm • CC

Resources & Reserves Committee Meeting 3pm – 4:30pm • CC

Nominating Strategic Committee (Closed) 3:30pm – 5pm • CC

SOCIAL FUNCTIONS

Exhibit Hall Continental Breakfast 8am – 9:30am • Exhibit Hall • CC

M&E Division Luncheon & Silent Auction (Ticketed) Noon – 2pm • CC

MPD Division Luncheon / Student Poster Session (Ticketed) Noon – 1:30pm • CC

SME/AIME Dinner VIP Reception 5:30pm – 7pm • M

SME/AIME Dinner Reception (COD) 6pm – 7pm • M

SME/AIME Dinner (Ticketed) 7pm – 9:30pm • M

President’s Reception (Invitation Only) 9:30pm – Midnight • M

EXHIBITOR MOVE-OUT 7am – Noon • Exhibit Hall • CC

BOARD OF DIRECTORS MEETING 8am – 11:30am • M

FIELD TRIP Bingham Canyon Mine 8am – Noon • M

CC - Salt Palace Convention Center • M - Marriott Downtown • H - Hilton

CALENDAR OF EVENTS

Saturday & Sunday, February 22 & 23, 2014Salt Palace Convention Center

Accelerated Engineering Studies: Effective Integration of Hydrogeology, Geochemistry and Geomechanics during the Resource and Reserve Stages of a Mining ProjectMember: $495 • Nonmember: $595Student Member: $350

Overview:The objective of this course is to provide mine planners with a technical guidance on how to accelerate an engineering study, such a bankable Feasibility Study. The course will cover hydrogeologic, geotechnical, and geochemical data collection, analysis and prediction components of the process. This course is designed for mining industry personnel (CEOs, COOs, Mine Engineers, Environmental Leaders) who are involved in the planning of new projects and desire to quickly get to the PFS or FS level, starting from the early stages of their resource estimate. Participants need to have a broad understanding of the mine planning process.

Course Content by Day:Day 1

• Planning around the resource drilling• Considerations that drive the process: mine plan,

resource type, country, physiography, climate and regulations

• Objectives and goals for accommodating the study• Data collection needs to accommodate study

objectives: logistics • Timing, scheduling and cost to address the data

collection effort• Addressing environmental aspects and closure

Day 2• Data Analysis phase:• Developing a Conceptual Model • Predictive phase• Data Management• Reporting for the FS and the Environmental documents• Case Studies

Instructors:Paul WilliamsPrincipal Hydrogeologist, SRK Consulting (U.S.), [emailprotected]:+ 303-881-4220; Direct: +720-287-7235

David BirdPrincipal [emailprotected]

Larry CopePrincipal [emailprotected]

Roger HowellPrincipal [emailprotected]

Vladimir UgoretsPrincipal [emailprotected]

Patrick WilliamsonPrincipal [emailprotected]

Saturday & Sunday, February 22 & 23, 2014Salt Palace Convention Center

Copper Heap LeachMember: $495 • Nonmember: $595Student Member: $350 Overview:The Copper Heap Leach course is designed to provide the attendees with a comprehensive understanding of the technology and economics of copper heap leaching. It focuses on the basic principles that underpin copper heap leaching and provides a detailed review of geometallurgy related to copper leaching, the design and implementation of metallurgical testing programs, the interpretation of test results, and the use of the results to design, construct, and operate successful copper heap leach operations. The course will cover the following specific aspects of copper heap leaching: 1) the history of copper leaching and solvent extraction electrowinning of copper, 2) the design and implementation of metallurgical testing programs and the interpretation of test results, 3) the geometallurgy and chemistry of copper leaching, the interaction of the leach solutions with specific minerals in the ore, and the importance of quantifying the ore/gangue mineralogy, 4)solvent extraction of metals, 5) The geotechnical aspects of copper heap leaching, including water balance issues and the design and construction of pads and ponds, 6) the design of SX/EW plants, and 7) the dissection of one or more failed copper heap leach operations. A sponsor will provide a hospitality room on Saturday evening to enable informal discussions of copper heap leaching between instructors and attendees. The course is designed for technical and non-technical participants who wish to understand the technology and economics of copper heap leaching. It is also aimed at technical workers involved in copper heap leach projects and operations, who wish to up-grade their understanding of heap leaching. Many past successful past participants have come from the worlds of finance, management and government oversight.

SHORT COURSES

Course Content by Day:Day 1:

• Introduction, Course Overview and Brief Summary of Copper Leaching and EXEW

• The Geometallurgy and Chemistry of Copper Leaching • Commercial Ore Testing• Heap Construction • Bioleaching• Overview of Copper Heap Leaching • Saturday Evening – 5:30pm and onward – Informal

discussion

Day 2:• Solvent Extraction of Metals • Pad and Pond Lay-Out and Site Investigation • Water Balance and Liner Design • Design of SX-EW Plants • Evaluation of a Successful Operation (Cerro Verde) • Evaluation of a Failed Operation (Equatorial

Tonopah) • Discussion and Recap

Instructors:John E. Dreier Ph.D – Course [emailprotected]

Joseph M. KeaneK D [emailprotected]

Gary Kordosky, Ph. D. Tucson AZ 85745520-743-0677

Paul ThompsenJacobs Engineering520.917.5500

David KiddGolder Associates520-888-8818

Randolph Scheffel303-663-7542

Saturday & Sunday, February 22 & 23, 2014Salt Palace Convention Center

Mine to Mill Process OptimizationMember: $495 • Nonmember: $595Student Member: $350

Overview:Mining and processing operations involve a variety of steps, each with their own attributes and requirements for efficiency. However, in some cases

the conditions required to optimise any one of these steps may be counterproductive for the achievement of optimisation in another. An approach is therefore warranted in which conditions for each step are varied so as to achieve global optimisation.

The Julius Kruttschnitt Mineral Research Centre at the University of Queensland has been involved in implementing such a holistic methodology “Mine to Mill Process Optimization” to maximize the overall profitability of mining operations. The objective of this methodology is to develop and implement site-specific mining and milling strategies to maximize the operations profitability in a sustainable manner.

This workshop explains the methodology and discusses in detail the critical aspects to successfully implement it in a sustainable manner. Benefits of such an approach on the energy consumption, greenhouse gas emissions and the overall costs and benefits of an operation will be explained using case studies.

The objective of this workshop is to increase the awareness and communication between mining engineers and metallurgists to work collaboratively to improve the overall profitability of their operations. This workshop is aimed for drill and blast engineers, mine superintendents, metallurgists, plan superintendents, mine managers, concentrator managers, general managers, asset optimization managers and business improvement managers - personnel responsible to improve the overall productivity of operations.

Course Content by Day:Day 1:

• Outline of Course /Instructions• Mine-mill philosophy• Drilling and blasting – Impact on downstream processes• Introduction to crushing and grinding• Introduction to Flotation and recovery• Rock breakage during blasting• Rock breakage in crushing and grinding • Rock characterization for M2M purposes• Discussions on Day 1

Day 2:• Drill and Blast Process Audit• Mill Surveys• Blast modeling• Plant modeling• Integration of Models and simulations • Mine to Mill case studies• Discussions on Day 2 /Feedback

Instructors: Dr. Sarma S KanchibotlaJKTech Pty Ltd+61733655842

Diana DrinkwaterJKTech Pty [emailprotected]

SHORT COURSES

Saturday & Sunday, February 22 & 23, 2014Salt Palace Convention Center

Mine-Waste CharacterizationMember: $495 • Nonmember: $595Student Member: $350

Overview:Ore deposits, especially when mined and processed, are a potential environmental hazard. Exposure of fresh rock surfaces during mining, as well as the produced crushed and milled waste, will be subject to weathering processes, causing large-scale environmental damage if not sufficiently managed. Sulfide-bearing mineralization, in particular, is readily oxidized at surface, and has the potential to produce acid rock drainage (ARD), as well as release of heavy metals. Significant contamination of surface and groundwater may readily result from these two geochemical processes. In addition to the contamination threat, there is also a geotechnical threat to the environment; tailings dams, and waste rock piles may fail if poorly designed, mismanaged or subject to physical/geochemical weathering. Proper waste characterization is required in order to know the risk you may be dealing with and to minimize the potential risk. The potential environmental threat from mine waste (or an un-mined mineral/ore deposit) can only be understood and managed through specific knowledge of mineralogy and geochemistry, hydrogeology, and geotechnical engineering. This short course will, therefore, provide participants with the basic knowledge required from waste characterization to evaluate the potential environmental hazard from tailings and waste dumps of a given property from a regulatory perspective and to understand the environmental aspects of waste management. The course is designed for:

• Environmental engineers• Mine Planning Engineers / Mining Engineers • Resource Managers/Analysts • Exploration and Mine Geologists • Ore Resource Managers • Plant Managers • Mining regulators• Mining professionals involved in feasibility studies,

environmental impact studies, development or operations.

Course Content:Acid/Neutral Rock Drainage processes

• Natural ARD processes• Acid generating sulfide minerals• Non-acid generating sulfide minerals• Acid generating non sulfide minerals• Acid Neutralizing minerals• Case studies

A/NRD prediction methods • Static testing (Acid Base Accounting)• Leach tests• Kinetic testing• Field scale tests• Full scale tests/analysis• Data evaluation/interpretation

Sampling plan development • Background information• Sampling purpose• Analytical methods• Geotechnical parameters• Sample number and amounts• Sampling methods• Field data/records

Instructor:Dr. Ingar WalderNew Mexico [emailprotected]

Saturday & Sunday, February 22 & 23, 2014Salt Palace Convention Center

Understanding the New Rules and New Guidance Under NI 43-101 Standards of Disclosure for Mineral ProjectsMember: $495 • Nonmember: $595Student Member: $350

Overview:Through detailed instruction and numerous case studies, participants will examine the new rules under NI 43-101 in particular those that have a high frequency of non-compliance by exploration and mining companies that report in Canada. Recent changes to the CIM Definition Standards for Mineral Resources and Mineral Reserves, plus the JORC and PERC Codes will be reviewed.

Target Audience: This course is designed for officers and directors of public companies that report under NI 43-101, as well as Qualified Persons who prepare technical reports or are named as preparing scientific and technical information in public documents under NI 43-101 rules. Case studies on non-compliance issues raised by Canadian securities regulators will also be of interest to investor relations staff of mining and exploration companies or their legal counsel. The registrant would be expected to have a basic understanding of mining industry terminology and some familiarity with mining technical reporting standards, but apart from this, no specialist knowledge is required.

SHORT COURSES

Course content by day:Day 1

• Setting the Regulatory scene• Who are the securities regulators in Canada?• The civil liability regime under Canadian securities law• Taking advantage of defenses against civil liability• Rules under NI 51-102 that apply to forward-

looking information by mining companies and carve-outs to certain of those rules

• Corporate governance and management’s certification of internal controls and procedures for mining project disclosure

• Recent changes to definitions of mineral resources and reserves and their classification categories, and how that may affect what will be accepted by Canadian and other securities regulators

• Recent changes to the definition of Preliminary Feasibility and Feasibility Study and how this may affect ore reserve statements currently allowed under the JORC Code

• The Qualified Person Concept and meeting the definition of a Qualified Person under NI 43-101

• New guidance to the 2011 changes to the NI 43-101 rule

• Common compliance issues and misconceptions about NI 43-101

• “Potentially misleading disclosure” – the securities regulators’ trump card; just because it isn’t specifically prohibited under NI 43-101, doesn’t mean it is permitted

• A brief comparison of mining technical disclosure standards under United States Securities and Exchange Commission Industry Guide 7 to NI 43-101 and how to accommodate some of those differences if you file documents in both countries

Day 2• NI 43-101 Technical Reports• Technical report triggers under NI 43-101 and

different report triggers under Canadian stock exchange policy

• What must be included in a technical report; what can be left out

• New form recognizes four different stages of mineral property development with allowances and additional content requirements for each

• Responsibilities of the Qualified Persons that prepare the technical reports

• Problematic disclaimers in technical reports – what is allowed, and what is not

• Purpose and effective use of Item 3 Reliance on Other Experts

• Important new guidance on content requirements for Item 22 Economic Analysis; common compliance issues

• Common compliance issues with technical report content/form

• Determining whether a technical report is still current for filing purposes and how to prepare technical reports that will remain current longer

• Consents of Qualified Persons and Experts required under Canadian and US securities regulations

• Scanning of manual signatures and seals in filed documents – bad practice and it is against the rules; compliant alternatives are presented

Instructors:Greg Gosson, Ph.D., P.Geo.Technical Director, Geology and ComplianceAMEC Americas LimitedCell +1 778 998-2894E-mail:[emailprotected]

Stella SearstonPrincipal GeologistAMEC E&C Services Inc.Mining & Metals Consulting Group E-mail: [emailprotected]: 480 335 5135

Sunday, February 23, 2014

Effective Communication(Developed by the SME Young Leader Committee)

Member: $395 • Nonmember: $495Student Member: $295

OverviewCommunication is a powerful tool. Sometimes the communications are satisfying but sometimes they are not. It can be source of fun, and also be a source of conflict. What’s going on when we communicate? How can I make sure my message will be understood? When to text, to phone, to email, to talk in private? This training is for anyone who wants to improve their communications in their professional and personal lives. Course objectives are: improve interpersonal communication in the workplace, applying the rules of interpersonal communication, and learning to manage communications in the workplace.

ContentUnderstanding the Dynamics of Communication

• Fundamental principles of communication• The communication process• The effects of the message• The levels of communication• Interpersonal communication• Interdependence• The system of sensorial representation• Verbal, non-verbal and para-verbal communication• Non-verbal langage• Para-verbal langage• When to text, to phone, to email, to present, or

write a memo?

SHORT COURSES

Interpersonal Skills• Emotional reactions• Communication styles• Interpersonal adaptability• Strategies of compromise with other styles• Assertiveness

Sunday, February 23, 2014

Mine Closure: Lessons Learned and Closure ConceptsMember: $395 • Nonmember: $495Student Member: $295

Overview and Objectives:This short course will use lessons learned from executed mine closure projects to provide an overview of important closure concepts and considerations. Participants will learn about:

a) closure elements, b) how to plan for closure, and c) The essentials (from a technical and a business

perspective) for closing correctly.

This workshop will provide an overview of the benefits of planning early for closure, setting closure goals, integrating the closure plan into the mine plan, assessing the levels of acceptable residual risk, and determining standards and criteria to satisfy regulatory requirements as well as stakeholder expectations. Through the use of examples and case studies, participants will gain an understanding of what issues must be considered well before production ceases, critical design concepts for closure and how closure is implemented. Since water is often at the center of post-mining liabilities, many of the case studies will illustrate water-related topics. The workshop will draw heavily on lessons learned from mine closure projects in the US. Participants should bring their mine closure issues / challenges for discussion. During the panel discussion at the end of the day we will choose one issue (more if time permits) with the objective of discussing and developing a strategy to address the issue. This workshop is for mine operators, engineers and planners.

Course Content:• Why closure? Why plan for closure? • Why do it correctly and what does that mean? • Implementation of Closure • Technical Closure Criteria • Implementation of closure• Case Studies / Discussions• Putting it All Together – Applying this to your

situation – a discussion about your mine / water circ*mstance. Every mine is different, so what might work for you?

Instructors:Resa [emailprotected]

Andrew Watson, P.E.Closure Practice Leader, [emailprotected]

Charles (Chuck) G. TaylorDirector of Environmental Services, MWHmailto:[emailprotected]

Clint StrachanSr. Geotechnical Engineer, MWH

Sunday, February 23, 2014

Water Management in MiningMember: $395 • Nonmember: $495Student Member: $295

Overview:Informing participants about the critical issues in managing water on mine sites and mineral processing operations, providing an understanding of water requirements across an operating mine, analyzing existing water infrastructure and contribution to the improvement of water management on a mine site or mineral processing plant. This course is appropriate for mining executives, project managers, geologists, senior mine and processing plant operating staff and suppliers. There is no pre-requisite knowledge required.

Course Content:• General Introduction• Introduction to wastewater• Management and Environment• Thickening, filtering, driving and tailings• Water treatment use• Unit operations issues• New technologies & case studies• Industry sector & summary

Instructor: Mr Damian ConnellyMineral Engineering Technical Services, Level 6, 524 Hay Street, Perth, Western Australia, 6000AustraliaPhone: +61 8 9421 [emailprotected]

SHORT COURSES

Young Leaders Field Trip Mining in Utah

Date: Saturday, February 22Time: 7:45am – 7:30pmDeparts: Marriott DowntownTickets: $75Includes: Transportation, Snacks, Lunch and Museum Ticket

Maximum number of participants: 50

This event is organized by the Young Leaders group of SME any proceeds will go to the Mining Museum in Park city and the Young Leaders group to support activities in accordance to the SME mission statement.

AGENDA:

7:45 am – Pick up at Marriott Hotel Downtown

8:00 am – Energy and Geoscience Institute: Visit one of the world’s largest research programs with worldwide sponsorship. On this tour you will get to learn more about their work in petrology. *For more information please visit: http://egi.utah.edu/

9:45 am – TerraTek: With a focus on quality, predictability, and delivery of comprehensive rock mechanics and core analysis results this will be an insightful tour. Lunch will be provided following tour.

*For more information please visit: http://www.slb.com/services/characterization/core_pvt_lab/rock_laboratory_services/terratek.aspx

1:00 pm – Depart for Park City.

2:00 pm – Park City: See how a gold and silver mining town has become sustainable. In 1892 this town had one of the most famous silver mines in the world and by the 1950s it was a ghost town. Now Park City is known for ski resorts, hiking, and biking.

The afternoon and dinner will be on your own. Below are two options. Please pick one so that group rates can apply based on interest.

1) See the town from above at the Park City Mountain Resort: Take a break and hang out at the resort for the afternoon. Lift tickets: $72. Ski rental is $18 – $40 Snow board rental $37.

2) Tour the Park City Mining Museum and historic down town. Discover more about the over 1,000 miles of silver mines below the town and the town itself. (historic houses, shops, and galleries Main Street).

6:20 pm – Pick-up at Park City Ski Resort

6:30 pm – Pick-up in Park City Park City Mining Museum

7:30 pm – Arrive back at Marriott Downtown

Bingham Canyon MineDate: Thursday, February 27Time: 8:00am – NoonDeparts: Marriott DowntownTickets: $55Includes: Transportation, Snacks, Tour

Attendee is responsible for providing safety equipment and sturdy closed toe shoes or boots.

The Bingham Canyon Mine is located in the Oquirrh Mountains approximately 20 miles southwest of Salt Lake City. The mine has been in operations for more than 110 years and has produced more than 19 million tons of copper making it one of the largest producers of copper in the history of mining. On April 10th of 2013 the Bingham Pit Mine experienced a massive slide of nearly 145 million tons of material and is believed to be the largest man-made slide in history. Although the slide had a major impact to the mine, geotechnical monitoring and analysis allowed the mine to prepare and prevent injuries and fatalities. Overburden removal re-commenced three days after the slide occurred and reduced ore production started 17 days after the slide. Remediation is ongoing to uncover ore that was buried and bring the mine back

to full production. The half day tour will focus on the geotechnical monitoring used to predict the slide, impacts the slide had on the mine’s landscape, as well as the significant remediation work the mine has undertaken in effort to return to full production.

FIELD TRIPS

Sunday, February 23, 2014

STUDENT DESIGN COMPETITION FINALS7:00am – 2:00pmHilton Salt Lake City

Sponsored by: Hitachi Construction and Mining

STUDENT CHAPTER REPRESENTATIVE

SUBCOMMITTEE11:00am – Noon

Salt Palace Convention CenterHosted by: University of Kentucky

Student Chapter officers and members areinvited to attend the subcommittee meeting.

2014 STUDENT FORUM1:00pm – 3:00pm Salt Palace Convention CenterHosted by: University of Kentucky

Sponsored by:Cytec Industries Inc

Date: Tuesday, February 25Time: NoonPlace: Salt Palace Convention CenterTickets: $49

The following awards are presented or recognized:

Distinguished Service Award Todd HarrisYoung Scientist Award Hongjuan SunHal Williams Hardinge Award William MilesRobert W. Piekarz Award Joseph Carnahan Rajesh RaitaniIndustrial Minerals & Aggregates Division Chair Award Abani Samal

Mineral & Metallurgical Processing Division HighlightsMineral & Metallurgical Processing Division was established for the advancement of metallurgical and mineral technology as applied to the mining industry.

Gaudin LectureDate: Monday, February 24Time: 2:00pmPlace: Salt Palace Convention CenterAward Recipient/Lecturer: Osvaldo Bascur “From Dreams to Realities: Modeling of Mineral Processing for Dynamic Performance Management”

Richards LectureDate: Monday, February 24Time: 2:00pmPlace: Salt Palace Convention CenterAward Recipient/Lecturer: John Mansanti “It Takes a Village to Raise a Metallurgist”

SOCIAL FUNCTIONS & DIVISION HIGHLIGHTS

Wadsworth LectureDate: Monday, February 24Time: 2:00pmPlace: Salt Palace Convention CenterAward Recipient/Lecturer: Gary Kordosky “Asking Key Questions to Speed SX Reagent Development: Two Case Studies, LIX 87QN and XI-57”

Mineral & Metallurgical Processing Division LuncheonDate: Wednesday, February 26Time: NoonPlace: Salt Palace Convention CenterTickets: $49Speaker: Dr. Brent Hiskey University of Arizona

The following awards are presented or recognized:

Outstanding Young Engineer Award(in memory of Subhash Chander) Tarun Bhambhani

Antoine M. Gaudin Award Osvaldo Bascur

Robert H. Richards Award John Mansanti

Arthur F. Taggart Award Pradip Douglas Fuerstenau

Milton E. Wadsworth Award Gary Kordosky

Millman Award Corby Anderson

MPD Scotch Nightcap Social Function/ Scholarship Fundraiser

Sponsored by: PANalytical &Weir Minerals

100% of the proceeds from this event go to the MPD Scholarship Fund for those college students who want to make a career in the mining industry. The event will feature light hors d’oeuvres, live music, and co*cktails. Each attendee receives two complimentary drink tickets to redeem during the event.

Date: Tuesday, February 25Time: 8pm – 11pmPlace: Marriott DowntownTickets: $50

Mining & Exploration Division HighlightsMining & Exploration Division specializes in exploration, production, research, and specialized aspects of metal mining.

Mining & Exploration Division Luncheon & Silent Auction

Sponsored by: Hitachi Construction & Mining

KGHM International IncDate: Wednesday, February 26Time: Noon

Place: Salt Palace Convention CenterTickets: $49

The following awards are presented or recognized:

Ben F. Dickerson, III Award Stephen EndersDistinguished Service Award Madan SinghDaniel C. Jackling Award Gary GoldbergOutstanding Young Professional Award Justin AndersonRobert Peele Memorial Award Will CollingwoodProgram Area Manager Awards Richard Diaz Tom Dyer Shaun Graber Scott ShieldsWilliam L. Saunders Gold Medal Timothy HaddonM&E Division Chair Award George Sanders

Jackling Lecture(Held in conjunction with the M&E Luncheon)

Date: Wednesday, February 27Time: 1:30pmAward Recipient/Lecturer: Gary Goldberg “The Journey Toward Zero Harm”

SOCIAL FUNCTIONS & DIVISION HIGHLIGHTS

2014 Program Commitee Chair:

Patrick WilliamsonSRK Consulting Mexico, SAPI De CV

Coal & Energy Division:Robert Kudlawiec Prairie State Generating Co LLC

Environmental Division:Patrick GormanURS Corp

Industrial Minerals & Aggregates Division:Joe CarnahanLuck Stone Corp

Industrial Minerals & Aggregates Division:Rajesh RaitaniCytec Industries Inc

Mining & Exploration Division:Sam ShoemakerBarr Engineering

Mineral & Metallurgical Processing Division:John UhrieNewmont Mining Corp

Underground Construction Association of SME:Ray HennBrierley Associates LLC

Underground Construction Association of SME:David KlugDavid R. Klug & Associates

2014 PROGRAM COMMITTEE

SESSIONS AT A GLANCEMonday, February 24 - Afternoon• Coal and Energy: Best of Ground Control• Coal and Energy: Carbon Management• Coal and Energy: Coal Preparation I• Coal and Energy: Ventilation Best Practices• Dreyer Lecture• Environmental: How Long is Long Enough? Case

Studies in Humidity Cell Tests• Environmental: Microbes in Mine Waste• Environmental: Practical Application and Value

for Environmental Management Systems and Corporate Sustainability Reporting

• Environmental: Sustainable Mine Remediation Technologies

• Industrial Minerals and Aggregates: Aggregates Reserve Estimation, Mine Planning, and Extraction

• Industrial Minerals and Aggregates: Industrial Minerals Geology

• Mining and Exploration: Kennecott Copper’s Manefay Slide I

• Mining and Exploration: Management: Blasting and Blast Management

• Mining and Exploration: Management: Current Trends and Innovations in Mineral Resource Estimation

• Mining and Exploration: Management: Leadership Character

• Mining and Exploration: Operations: Open Pit Strategic Planning

• Mining and Exploration: Technology: Automation in Mining I

• Mining and Exploration: Technology: Underground Mining Projects and Innovation I

• Mineral and Metallurgical Processing: Water In Minerals Processing Plenary Session

• NORA Mining Research Agenda: Achievements and Work in Progress

• SME: Mining and Our Community• SMEF’s Minerals Education Coalition: How Can the

MEC Help Me?• Water in Mineral Processing Plenary Session with

Reception

Tuesday, February 25 - Morning• Coal and Energy: Explosives and Rock Support• Coal and Energy: Research and Development I• Coal and Energy: Surface Mining Innovations• Coal and Energy: Underground Mining Processes and

Practices• Environmental: Environmental Challenges of

Uranium and Naturally Occurring Radioactive Material (NORM) I

• Environmental: Mine Development and Permitting in New Mexico, USA

• Environmental: Sustainable Closure and Beneficial Reuse

• Industrial Minerals and Aggregates: Health and Safety• Industrial Minerals and Aggregates: Research and

Innovation in Industrial Minerals and Aggregates• International: International I• Mining and Exploration: Geology: Slope Stability in

Mining• Mining and Exploration: Kennecott Copper’s Manefay

Slide II• Mining and Exploration: Management: Project

Management• Mining and Exploration: Management: Stakeholder

Engagement and Corporate Responsibility I• Mining and Exploration: Operations: Mine to Mill

Optimization I• Mining and Exploration: Technology: Automation in

Mining II• Mining and Exploration: Technology: Underground

Mining Projects and Innovation II• Mineral and Metallurgical Processing: Comminution I• Mineral and Metallurgical Processing: Non-Sulfide

Flotation I• Mineral and Metallurgical Processing: Fundamental

and Applied Advances in Mineral Processing: A SME/IMPC Tribute to Professor Douglas W. Fuerstenau I

• Mineral and Metallurgical Processing: Leaching I• Mineral and Metallurgical Processing: Separation • Mineral and Metallurgical Processing: Tailings- The

Tail End of the Line• Mineral and Metallurgical Processing: Water in

Minerals Processing 1 -- Water Quality• Mineral and Metallurgical Processing: Water in

Minerals Processing 2--Use of Membranes in Mineral Processing and Mine Water

• Research: Innovation from Exhibitors• UCA of SME I: Ground Freezing in Underground

Construction• Valuation: Case Histories

Tuesday, February 25 - Afternoon• Barrick North America’s Operators Session: Mike

Rayburn• Coal and Energy: Breathing Air Supplies• Coal and Energy: Developments in Health and Safety• Coal and Energy: Human Factors and Safety• Coal and Energy: Mine Environmental Issues• Coal and Energy: Young Leadership and Workforce

Trends• Environmental: Advancing Mine Ecological

Restoration and Reclamation• Environmental: Environmental Challenges of

Uranium and Naturally Occurring Radioactive Material (NORM) II

• Environmental: International Environmental Perspectives in Exploration and Mine Development

• Industrial Minerals and Aggregates: Challenges in Tailings Processing

• Industrial Minerals and Aggregates: Permitting - It’s All About Air, Water, and People

• International: International II• Mining and Exploration: Geology: Exploration and

Modeling on Geologically Complex Regions• Mining and Exploration: Management: Stakeholder

Engagement and Corporate Responsibility II• Mining and Exploration: Operations: Applications of

Discrete System Simulation in Mining I• Mining and Exploration: Operations: Innovation in

Underground Construction Project Management, Engineering and Operations

• Mining and Exploration: Operations: Mine to Mill Optimization II

• Mining and Exploration: Technology: Geotechnical Software, Common Practices in Mining

• Mining and Exploration: Technology: Modern Technologies in Mining Construction

• Mineral and Metallurgical Processing: Flotation I• Mineral and Metallurgical Processing: Fundamental

and Applied Advances in Mineral Processing: A SME/IMPC Tribute to Professor Douglas W. Fuerstenau II

• Mineral and Metallurgical Processing: Plant Design• Mineral and Metallurgical Processing: Research and

Characterization• Mineral and Metallurgical Processing: SX-IX• Mineral and Metallurgical Processing: Water in

Minerals Processing 3-- The New Generation in Advanced Water Treatment Technology

• Research: In Industry• UCA of SME II: Shaft Sinking in Civil and Mining

Applications• Valuation: Lessons Learned

Wednesday, February 26 - Morning• Coal and Energy: Dust Control• Coal and Energy: Research and Development II• Coal and Energy: Surface Mining Processes and

Practices • Coal and Energy: Underground Mining Innovations• Environmental: Metal Bioavailability and Fate in

Mining Environments• Environmental: Sustainable and Responsible Use of

Water Resources in the Mining Industry I• Environmental: Uranium Session: The Other Yellow Cake• Industrial Minerals and Aggregates: Industrial

Minerals: Aggregates Processing• Industrial Minerals and Aggregates: Workforce

Development In Industrial Minerals and Aggregates• Mining and Exploration: Geology: Rare Earths• Mining and Exploration: Management: Safety in Mining I

• Mining and Exploration: Operations: Applications of Discrete System Simulation in Mining II

• Mining and Exploration: Operations: My First Five Years in Mining Operations

• Mining and Exploration: Operations: Underground Mine Ventilation

• Mining and Exploration: Technology: Open Pit Innovations I

• Mining and Exploration: Technology: Will Your Equipment Communicate? I

• Mineral and Metallurgical Processing: Comminution II• Mineral and Metallurgical Processing: Leaching II• Mineral and Metallurgical Processing: Modeling and

Simulations I• Mineral and Metallurgical Processing: Non-Sulfide

Flotation II• Mineral and Metallurgical Processing: Process

Minerology• Mineral and Metallurgical Processing: Student Poster

Session• Mineral and Metallurgical Processing: Water In

Minerals Processing 4 – Effect of Water Quality on Minerals Processing

• Mineral and Metallurgical Processing: Water In Minerals Processing 5 – Selenium Treatment: Updates on Treatment Technology Improvement

• Research: Academia at Universities

Wednesday, February 26 - Afternoon• Coal and Energy: Coal Preparation II• Coal and Energy: Mine Emergency Response• Coal and Energy: Project Management for Coal Miners• Coal and Energy: Ventilation Innovations• Environmental: Health and Safety• Environmental: Legal-Water Quality Challenges• Environmental: Sustainable and Responsible Use of

Water Resources in the Mining Industry II• Mining and Exploration: Management: Safety in

Mining II• Mining and Exploration: Operations: It Happened

Again: When Optimization, Planning, and Reality Collide

• Mining and Exploration: Operations: What Happened to My Mine Costs?

• Mining and Exploration: Technology: Open Pit Innovations II

• Mining and Exploration: Technology: Will Your Equipment Communicate? II

• Mineral and Metallurgical Processing: Flotation II• Mineral and Metallurgical Processing: Modeling and

Simulations II• Mineral and Metallurgical Processing: Pyrometallurgy• Mineral and Metallurgical Processing: Water In

Minerals Processing 6 – Residual Metals and By-Product Production from Water Treatment

SESSIONS AT A GLANCE

TECHNICAL PROGRAM

Monday, February 24 Afternoon

COAL & EnERGy:Best of Ground Control

2:00 PM • Monday, February 24chair: S. Tadolini, Minova uSa Inc., georgetown, KY

2:00 PMIntroductions

2:05 PMInternational Practice in High Performance Underground ThickCoal Seam Extraction and Related Ground Control Challenges

B. Hebblewhite; University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, AustraliaThis paper provides an overview of the international “state of the art” with re-spect to underground coal mining methods used in seams of thickness greaterthan 4.5 m, through a review of a selection of high performing thick seam miningoperations around the world both Single Pass Longwall (SPL) and Longwall TopCoal Caving (LTCC). The paper discusses the recent operational experiencesfrom these selected faces, together with the ground control issues faced, andidentifies some of the major inherent geotechnical factors that can influence themining method selection, design criteria, and ultimate performance, from bothan operational and safety perspective. It is clear that both of these methods aredeveloping quickly not only from an operational and equipment perspective, butalso from the understanding of critical geotechnical criteria. There is an increas-ing role for both methods in thick seam environments, although the higher SPLfaces will only be successful in the near to midterm under benign geotechnicalenvironments. Regardless of the method, a thorough understanding of the criti-cal geotechnical factors is a key to successful implementation of either method.

2:25 PMLongwall Shield Recovery, Using Phenolic Foam Injection for GobControl As An Alternative to Recovery Mesh

J. Pile; BHP Billiton, Waterflow, NMFollowing a methane ignition in the active panel of a longwall coal mine, the af-fected panel was successfully isolated from the rest of the mine. This allowed forthe remainder of the mine to return to regular operation, and the conventionalpractice of having to seal the portals for a defined period of time was avoided.After the affected panel had remained isolated for a regulatory mandated periodof time, it was reopened in preparation for longwall face recovery. As it was notpossible to move the shields from their existing positions to facilitate the instal-lation of recovery mesh prior to shield recovery, alternative methods had to beconsidered to stabilise the gob and minimise flushing, thereby improving opera-tor safety. Phenolic foam was chosen and injected from between the shields intothe gob behind them. This is a technique that has been used to great effect inGermany, to a lesser extent in Australia, but not knowingly to date in the UnitedStates. To ensure nothing was left to chance and thereby guarantee the project’ssuccess, the procedure used in Germany was employed, down to the applicationof equivalent hardware.

2:45 PMCross Correlation Detection of Seismic Events Related to theCrandall Canyon Mine Collapse

T. Kubacki; University of Utah, SLC, UTOn August 6, 2007, the Crandall Canyon Mine experienced a collapse whichtrapped six mine-workers. An MW 4.1 seismic event was recorded in conjunctionwith this collapse. An additional 54 seismic events were detected and located inthe vicinity via routine processing techniques during the month of the collapse.Waveform-based cross-correlation detection techniques have been used to un-cover 1,328 small, previously undetected seismic events which occurred near thecollapse area between July 26 and August 9, 2007. This work has resulted in low-ering the magnitude threshold of completeness from ML 1.6 to ML -0.5, a 2.1order-of-magnitude improvement over standard processing techniques. Eventlocations have been computed using a double-difference inversion. The spatialpattern of events ultimately helps to delineate the extent of the collapsed area. Itis shown that many of the large catalogued events (>ML1.6) tend to be closely fol-lowed by numerous (often 20 or more) smaller aftershocks. The cross-correla-tion techniques described herein greatly improve the ability to detect small mining-induced seismic events.

3:05 PMEnlightening Bolts: Using Distributed Optical Sensing to Measurethe Strai Profile along Fully Grouted Rock Bolts

A. Hyett; YieldPoint Inc., Kingston, ON, CanadaOver the last 30 years, a transition away from end-anchored bolts to fully groutedrock bolt systems has occurred in many underground mines. It seems geome-chanically intuitive that the success of such bolts, which interfere with rockmovements around underground excavations through a variety of complex inter-actions, is precisely why they remain challenging to instrument and monitor.Whereas measuring the load profile for an end-anchored mechanical bolt is triv-ial, for a fully grouted system, the load may vary dramatically due to discrete rockmovement at cracks and joints. No existing alternative technology can offer a so-lution to all of these limitations. A new Distributed Optical Sensing technologythat promises significant potential is presented. Since the technology is capableof distributed sensing, our results suggest that this new technology can, for thefirst time, reveal the detailed strain profile along fully grouted rock bolts.

3:25 PMInvestigation of Pillar Loading Considerations in Determinationof Pillar Stability Factors for Longwall Gateroad Design

H. Lawson; NIOSH, Spokane, WARecent field data providing measured pillar loading from a deep western minerevealed that an increased load transfer distance existed compared to expectedvalues. Additionally, recent work has shown that the abutment angle in deeplongwall mines can be significantly reduced as the depth of mining increases. Theload transfer distance and abutment angle are both used as parameters to esti-mate pillar loading in longwall design. To investigate the potential implications ofthese observations on pillar loading in deep longwall mines, a parametric studyusing ALPS loading estimation procedures was performed. A supplemental studywas conducted using LaModel to further investigate pillar loading at the tailgate.The study found that the abutment angle is particularly important for panelswith supercritical geometries. As panels reach a subcritical geometry with in-creasing depth, the primary influence of the abutment angle is reduced andmatched by other factors, including load transfer distance for tailgate loading. Anextended load transfer distance was shown to potentially reduce loading on pillars adjacent to the longwall as the loading is spread over a larger area.

3:45 PMInfluence of Roof/Floor Interface on Coal Pillar PerformanceK. Perry; University of Kentucky, Lexington, KYPillar design formulae have existed for decades, and the guidelines for design sta-bility factors are generally accepted by regulatory agencies and broadly usedwithin the coal industry. Nearly all design pillar formulae are based on geometri-cal parameters of pillars resulting from empirical investigations, with primaryfocus on the pillar width-to-height (W/H) ratio and associated shaping constantsfrom regression. Common practice when applying Mark-Bieniawski equation isto use a coal compressive strength of 900 psi. This reduces the design equation to

This is the Technical Program as of September 15, 2013. IT IS SubjecT To change. Please see the onsite Program for final details.

DREYER LECTURE

1:30 PM • Monday, February 24

Ihor Kunasz, Oro Valley, AZ

“Searching for the World’s Lightest Metal”

TECHNICAL PROGRAMsole dependence upon geometry. However, recent studies have shown that pil-lar strength is highly dependent on roof and floor properties, particularly the in-terfaces between the roof-pillar and pillar-floor. This study utilized numericalmodeling using FLAC3D to evaluate the relative effects of varying roof and floorinterface and mechanical properties. The results confirm that pillar strength issignificantly influenced by the properties of the coal pillar interfaces with roofand floor. The mechanical properties of the roof and floor material have only aminor impact on pillar strength when compared with interface effects.

COAL & EnERGy:Carbon Management

2:00 PM • Monday, February 24chair: M. Mohanty, Southern Illinois university carbondale,

carbondale, IL

2:00 PMIntroductions

2:05 PMAn Assessment of USEPA’s GHG Program and its Impact on Coal-Fired Electric Power Generation

D. Flannery; Steptoe & Johnson PLLC, Charleston, WVThis presentation will review the regulatory efforts that are being undertakenby USEPA to regulate CO2 emissions from electric power generation units. In ab-sence of any new legislative authority by Congress, USEPA is relying on the ex-isting authority of the Clean Air Act. The agency’s initial efforts have focused onnew sources; however, the announcement by the President in June 2013 com-mits the agency to extending the CO2 program to existing sources. The proposaloffered by the President bears a striking resemblance to a proposal advanced byNRDC earlier this year. Inasmuch as USEPA’s programs are being developedwithout regard to similar activity occurring in other countries, there is doubtabout where the imposition of these controls will result in any meaningful improvement in global climate change. The impact of these new programs onthe coal industry will be both significant and immediate.

2:25 PMPotential of Carbon Sequestration in Unconventional ReservoirsWith a Focus on Enhanced Gas Recovery – Experience from aPilot Test Project

N. Ripepi and M. Karmis; Mining Engineering, Virginia PolyTech Inst.State U, Blacksburg, VASequestering carbon dioxide in unconventional reservoirs, such as unmineablecoal seams and organic shale formations, can provide a significant option formitigating carbon emissions. As these unconventional gas fields approach matu-rity, the injection can also stimulate enhanced gas recovery (EGR), enabling CO2sequestration while adding reserves and extending the life of these fields. Thispaper will present the geological characterization, site selection and CO2 injec-tion for two field projects funded by DoE. At the Virginia site, up to 20,000tonnes of CO2 will be injected into three legacy vertical coalbed methane (CBM)wells, involving 15 thin coal seams. In the Tennessee site, about 1,000 tonnes ofCO2 will be injected into a legacy horizontal well, completed in four stages in theChattanooga Shale Formation. Monitoring and verification protocols developedfor this demonstration-scale project will be discussed, with recommendationson the role of these unconventional reservoirs within the national CCUS effort.

2:45 PMUnderstanding CO2 Storage Under Geological Storage Conditions

F. Arguelles-Vivas, E. Bobicki, M. Irfan, Q. Liu, T. Babadagli, T. Bissonand Z. Xu; Chemical and Materials Engineering, University of Alberta,Edmonton, AB, CanadaThe purpose of this study was to determine the role of rock porous structure ongeological storage of CO2 in saline water by measuring penetration rate of su-percritical CO2 droplets. A custom-designed high pressure cell was used for thispurpose. The volume and dimensionless radius of the supercritical CO2 sessiledrop as a function of immersion time were determined in solutions of a mixtureof various salts (mono- and divalent cations) on desert pink limestone (DPL) andsandstone (SS) at 10.3 MPa (1500 Psi) pressure and 40oC were determined. Fora given substrate, the reduction in radii of CO2 droplets was slower in diluteNaCl solutions containing KCl or CaCl2 than in solutions of dilute NaCl alone. The

trapping ratio, defined as the ratio of CO2 trapped in the pores to that solubilized in bulk liquids, increased with increasing oxalic acid concentrationin pre-treatment solution and pretreatment time of DPL substrates.

3:05 PMPore Structure of CBM and Shale Gas Reservoirs: Comparisonand Influencing Factors

Y. Zhu, S. Cheng, Y. Zhou, H. Zhang, Y. Wang and C. Fu; School of Resources and Earth Science, China University of Mining and Technology, Xuzhou, ChinaThe research on pore-features of CBM and shale gas reservoir provides insightsinto the exploration and exploitation of these unconventional resources. Bycomparison, the both the coal seams and shales are of strong anisotropy and thenano-pores are well developed, but the pore size distribution (PSD) and the po-sition where the pores developed differ remarkably. Owning to the difference ofreservoir composition, the shales and coal seams behave divergently during diagensis and tectonic process, which leads to the diversity of pore structurecharacter of these reservoirs.

3:25 PMRoute and Its Realization of China’s CBM Industry Developmentfrom 2011 to 2030

Y. Qin1, L. Yuan2 and Y. Cheng1; 1China University of Mining and Technology, Xuzhou, China and 2Huainan Mining Industry (Group)Co., Ltd, Huainan, ChinaChina’s coalbed methane (CBM) production in 2010 exceeded 10 billion cubicmeters for the first time, indicating that the CBM industry in China has entered astage of scale development. Based on a scenario predication, China’s CBM out-put from 2011 to 2030 as well as the contribution of the CBM utilization (as aclean alternative fuel) to the methane emission reduction is predicated.Moreover, the technical, economic and policy challenges that China’s CBM industry is facing are discussed, and relevant strategies are suggested.

3:45 PMOptimization of Enhanced Coal Mine Methane (CMM) DrainageUsing a Coupled CFD-DEM Simulation Platform

I. Miskovic and D. Oberg; University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UTWith coal miner safety and environmental stewardship at the forefront of mineoperator concerns, effective degasification of coal seams prior to mining is criti-cal. Current degasification techniques include vertical boreholes, long in-seamdirectional boreholes, and surface to in-seam boreholes. Enhanced coalbedmethane recovery from unmineable coal seams using inert gas injection hasbeen demonstrated as an effective recovery technique, but little has been re-ported on application of this technology to degasification of longwall panels.The main goal of this research is determination of sweep efficiency for N2, CO2,and their mixtures during enhanced drainage of a longwall panels. Combiningcomputational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) and Discrete Element Method (DEM) al-lows simulating large scale fluidic-granular systems. The main advantage ofCFD–DEM is that detailed particle-scale information are obtained, includingfluid trajectories and forces acting on individual particles within the coal matrix.The coupling of CFD and DEM is realized through a fully two-way particle–fluidinteraction, where the high-performance DEM code (LIGGGHTS) and the open-source CFD code (OpenFOAM) are coupled.

4:05 PMGeopolymer-based Concrete: An Environmentally BenignSubstitute for the Ordinary Portland Cement Concrete

M. Mohanty1, P. Kolay2, A. Matenda1, X. Yang1, L. Ackah1 and H. Akbari1; 1Mining and Mineral Resources Engineering, Southern Illinois University Carbondale, Carbondale, IL and 2Civil and Environmental Engineering, Southern Illinois University Carbondale,Carbondale, ILThe ordinary Portland cement (OPC) is the key pozzolanic component of theconcrete mix, widely used as the construction material world-wide. Billions oftons of OPC are used in the construction industry each year. However, calcina-tions of limestone and silica that produce OPC also produce almost an equalamount of CO2 during the cement manufacturing process. Thus, OPC productionaccounts for nearly 7% of all anthropogenic CO2 emission each year. The mainobjective of this study was to develop a geopolymer-based composite to be usedas a substitute for OPC in concrete application to significantly lower the carbonfoot-print of the construction industry. Fly ash, a waste material generally

This is the Technical Program as of September 15, 2013. IT IS SUBJECT TO CHANGE. Please see the Onsite Program for final details.

TECHNICAL PROGRAMproduced during the coal combustion process, was used as the main raw mate-rial for the geopolymer-based composite. Preliminary results obtained from thegeopolymer-based concrete blocks prepared using Sodium Silicate and SodiumHydroxide ratio of 1:1 show the compressive strength (7 days results) valuesabove 6000 PSI. Other mechanical properties of the geopolymer-based concreteblocks are being studied, which will be reported in this communication.

COAL & EnERGy:Coal Preparation I

2:00 PM • Monday, February 24chairs: B. Arnold, Preptech, Inc., apollo, Pa

D. Tao, university of Kentucky, Lexington, KY

2:00 PMIntroductions

2:05 PMMicro-Price Optimization of Coal Processing Operations

G. Luttrell1, A. Noble2 and F. Stanley3; 1Mining & Minerals Engineering,Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA; 2Department of Mining Engineering,West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV and 3Consultant, Abingdon, VAThe profitability of coal operations is highly dependent on the performance ofthe coal blending and processing facilities. Many companies have recognizedthis fact and have instituted optimization programs requiring large amountscoal characterization data, operational information and complex costing models.Unfortunately, this brute force approach to optimization is often overwhelmingin terms of time and cost and is generally too inaccurate to be of value in day-to-day operations. A more practical approach involves the use of “micro-price” op-timization throughout the coal supply chain. This fundamental concept assignsunit values to each type of particle (or groups of particles) passing through pro-duction units. Optimization occurs whenever all possible blocks with positivevalue are recovered and passed to market, while all possible blocks with nega-tive value are rejected from the feed. This paper describes the micro-price con-cept as applied to coal processing operations and provides case studies thatdemonstrate the economic gains that can be realized via the industrial applica-tion of this innovative concept.

2:25 PMImproved Calibration Procedure for Coal Washability by X-rayMicro Tomography

C. Lin1, Y. Wang1, J. Miller1, T. Nguyen2 and A. Nguyen2; 1MetallurgicalEngineering, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT and 2Chemical Engineering, University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, AustraliaFurther advances in coal washability analysis by X-ray micro tomography are re-ported based on an improved calibration procedure. Coal samples of varioussizes ranging from 8 mm to 0.5 mm were fractionated by heavy liquids into 8gravity fractions for calibration using X-ray micro tomography. The determina-tion of washability curves based on the overall attenuation coefficient histogramis not an easy task due to the wide overlap between these curves, the open endsof the density spectra (minus 1.3 gravity and plus 2.1 gravity) and the densityvariation within the coal particles. The best procedure for density calibration isusing statistical analysis to establish the relationship between the distributionsof x-ray linear attenuation coefficients with respect to density and size of thecoal particles. In this regard, individual particles were segmented from the re-constructed 3D X-ray CT image data for single-size/single-density coal particlebeds containing hundreds of particles. Then the mean scaled CT number of eachcoal particle was measured. The improved calibration procedure provides moreaccurate determination of the washability curves for selected coals.

2:45 PMUsing Polyethylene Oxide as a Flotation Aid in the Upgrading ofOxidized Coals

H. Wang1, M. Cao1, J. Sztuke2, A. Stradling2, Z. Xu1 and Q. Liu1; 1Chemical and Materials Engineering, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada and 2Applied Research and Technology, Teck Metals Ltd, Trail, BC, CanadaIn column flotation, the use of wash water can reduce entrainment but onlywithin a certain range of “optimum” superficial wash water rate. Alternatively,

polymeric depressants can be used to enlarge the sizes of the hydrophilic parti-cles to lower their entrainment. In this work, wash water and a polymer (poly-ethylene oxide, PEO) were used to lower ash entrainment during the flotation ofcoal in a hybrid mechanical flotation column. In the batch flotation of 1:1 mix-tures of -15 mm silica and -300 mm low ash oxidized coal, the combined use ofwash water and PEO dramatically increased the separation efficiency (i.e., or-ganic recovery minus ash recovery) from about 30% to over 70%, whereasusing wash water alone only improved the separation efficiency slightly.

3:05 PMColumn Flotation of Difficult-to-Float Using TrimethylPentanediol Components and Pico-nano Bubbles

F. Peng, J. Chen and Y. Xiong; Mining Engineering, West Virginia Universitiy, Morgantown, WVLower rank coal is difficult to float using conventional flotation procedure by asingle frother and collector. The surface of lower rank coal has high oxygenatedfunctional groups. Existing of those oxygenated groups form more hydrophilicsites on coal surface than higher rank coal, causing the coal difficulty to float byoily collector alone. In this study, the blend of trimethyl pentanediol compo-nents, a surface active material, as a frother, and kerosene as a collector are usedfor column flotation of lower rank coal. The flotation column used has 50 mm IDand is equipped with a double funnel tailings separator, and the static-mixer andventure cavitation tube for pico-nano bubble generation. Effect of pico-nanobubbles is to increase the hydrophobicity of lower rank coal. Statistical design ofexperiment method is used to optimize operation conditions. The results show a97% of recovery and 13% of clean coal ash are obtained from the 23% ash con-tent of raw coal sample. Desliming effect on improving the quality of clean coalproduct is also studied.

3:25 PMEffects of nanobubbles on Flotation of Different Density Coal

M. Fan1 and D. Tao2; 1Eriez Flotation Division, Erie, PA and 2MiningEngineering, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KYFor minus 0.6 mm fine coal or minus 0.15 mm ultrafine coal particles froth flota-tion is the most efficient and cost-effective separation technique. Flotation iswidely used in the coal industry for cleaning fine or ultrafine metallurgical coal.Our previous fundamental studies have demonstrated that cavitation-generatednanobubbles of about 700 nm in diameter can significantly improve coal andphosphate flotation performance over a wide particle size range. In this study,the effect of nanobubble on the flotation performance of coal in different densityfractions (-1.3, 1.3-1.4, 1.4-1.5, 1.5-1.6, 1.6-1.8, 1.8-2.0, and + 2.0 g/cm3) was in-vestigated using a bank of three 10-L flotation cells, a specially designed 50-mminside diameter column and a 152-mm inside diameter column. It was foundthat nanobubbles had most significant impacts on the medium-density (1.4-1.8g/cm3) coal particle flotation.

3:45 PMThe Importance of High-efficiency Size Classification in Fine CoalCleaning

B. Zhang; Derrick Corporation, Derrick Corporation, Buffalo, NYIn the past few decades, fine coal cleaning has become an area of interest for re-search and significant technological development or improvement has ad-vanced. Most of those new technologies have been implemented by the fine coalcleaning operators. On the other hand, there has been quite significant advance-ment in the fine coal classification technologies, including the development ofStack Sizer®, Pansep Screen, and CycloWash®. However, many people overlookthe importance of fine coal classification and are still in favor of the outdatedfine coal classification technologies. This paper discussed the importance ofhigh-efficiency size classification in fine coal cleaning. Key Words: Classification;Hydrocyclone; Sieve Bend; Stack Sizer; Fine Coal; Spiral

4:05 PMTeetered Bed Circuits and Process Simulation for Cost EffectiveProject Development

P. Bozzato and T. Toney; Facilities Engineering, Norwest, Salt Lake City, UTIn many areas, Teetered Bed Separators (TBS) have become the preferredchoice to upgrade small coal. However, processes upstream and downstream ofcleaning equipment are extremely important in small and fine coal circuits andmay determine the success of a project. The entire circuit must be properly modeled and analyzed. Coal preparation simulations are therefore essential toprovide cost effective data to be used in all stages of a project or an existing

This is the Technical Program as of September 15, 2013. IT IS SUBJECT TO CHANGE. Please see the Onsite Program for final details.

TECHNICAL PROGRAMoperation. In recent years, powerful simulation tools have been developed andare frequently used by process engineers to predict plant performance. TheLIMN simulator is one common software package used in coal processing simu-lation. The LIMN simulation package allows multiple testing and verification ofresults to maximize plant yield and recovery through the principle of equal in-cremental quality. Theory and practice of the incremental quality concept inteetered bed circuits are presented to guide engineers and operators in their dayto day decisions together with examples and suggestions.

COAL & EnERGy:Ventilation Best Practices

2:00 PM • Monday, February 24chairs: J. Brune, colorado School of Mines, golden, co

H. Dougherty, nIoSh, Pittsburgh, Pa

2:00 PMIntroductions

2:05 PMChanging Coal Mine Ventilation Practices in SouthwesternPennsylvania

N. Iannacchione1 and A. Iannacchione2; 1GAI Consultants, Inc., Pittsburgh, PA and 2Civil and Environmental Engineering, Universityof Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PAOver the 150 year history of underground bituminous coal mining within south-western Pennsylvania, many changes have occurred to ventilation practice.These changes were required to deal with new developments such as increasedhazards (coal dust and methane gas), greater regulations (respirable dust stan-dards), and new technologies (mine seals and fans). The changing character ofthe ventilation systems is analyzed using information gathered from historicalmine maps and placed in ArcGIS. An understanding of how these systems haveevolved is necessary for any aspiring mine ventilation engineer. This knowledgewill help to develop: 1) an appreciation for the significant accomplishments ofpast generations of ventilation engineers and 2) an understanding how ventila-tion practices in this important mining district have evolved. Key factors thatproduced these changes include; larger production panels; elevated methaneemissions with mining depths; increased control of coal mine respirable dust,and reliance on ventilation seals and bleeder shafts. Each of these factors will beillustrated through a series of case studies of mines operating in southwesternPA over the last 150 years.

2:25 PMThe Methane-Air Explosion Hazard Within Coal Mine Gobs

J. Brune; Colorado School of Mines, Golden, COThis paper analyzes the explosion hazard resulting from the formation ofmethane-air mixtures in the mined-out gobs of underground longwall coalmines. Although direct examinations of the gob atmosphere are difficult due tothe inaccessibility of these gobs, evidence from methane drainage practices andinvestigations of numerous mine explosions suggests that explosive methanezones can form within longwall gobs. Explosions and fires resulting from thesemethane accumulations have led to severe and fatal injuries to the miners. Mostrecently this was demonstrated in the explosion of the Upper Big Branch mine inWest Virginia, where 29 miners lost their lives. The paper also reviews currentresearch on numerical modeling of gas flows in longwall gobs and outlines howtargeted injection of nitrogen into gobs can effectively reduce the volume of suchexplosive methane zones. The paper concludes that comprehensive monitoringof gas compositions along the accessible fringes of the gobs along with inertiza-tion, improved ventilation schemes and further research are necessary to control this explosion hazard and make mining operations safe.

2:45 PMLongwall Mining Ventilation Impact on Gob Gas DistributionsUsing Computational Fluid Dynamics Modeling

R. Gilmore, J. Marts, S. Saki, J. Brune, G. Bogin and J. Grubb; Mining,Colorado School of Mines, Golden, COComputational fluid dynamics (CFD) has been used to model bleederless under-ground longwall coal mining operations to study oxygen ingress, and the devel-opment of potentially explosive methane-air mixtures that may form in the gob.The scenarios studied involve various headgate and tailgate ventilationschemes, controls, and nitrogen injection crosscut location. In a project

sponsored by the National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH),researchers at Colorado School of Mines have used an innovative meshing ap-proach allowing simple CFD model changes, and a gob porosity and permeabilityscalable in width and length dimensions of supercritical gobs. This paper pres-ents the methodology of an innovative meshing approach, a scalable curve fit forporosity of the panel, and recommendations for using CFD in mine ventilationapplications.

3:05 PMVentilation Improvement in Longwall Recovery Room UsingConvergence Transducers – Case Study

A. Habibi1, R. Kramer1 and S. Gillies2; 1Engineering, FMC Corporation,Green River, WY and 2Missouri S&T, Rolla, MOThe FMC Westvaco Trona Mine is located near Green River, Wyoming and has anannual production of 4.5M tons. The underground mine has three active devel-opment panels and one longwall (LW) panel. The mining horizon is about 500mbelow surface and strata liberates methane. Three surface-based blowing fansprovide ventilation air. The LW is 225m long built by JOY Mining Machinery.Headgate and Tailgate drifts are driven with four entries. The recovery room is8m wide with three access chutes. Concrete blocks are used with a spacing of1.5m for support. The study was undertaken using eight vibrating wire displace-ment transducers to monitor the convergence as the LW approaches. The gasconcentration was also monitored. The correlation between convergence andgas liberation was then studied. The results show that the convergence variesfrom 0.1m to 0.25m along the length of the recovery room. Ventilating the re-covery room becomes critical since it was determined that methane liberatesfrom oil shale as the floor heave increases. The results will be used to design asystem to properly ventilate the recovery room.

3:25 PMMoisture Variance of Mine Dust Samples and the Inclusion ofMoisture as Incombustible Content

M. Harris, D. Alexander and I. Perera; NIOSH/OMSHR, Pittsburgh, PACoal dust produced during the mining process is a prime explosion hazard in un-derground coal mines. To inert the coal dust and prevent a catastrophic propa-gating dust explosion, rock dust is applied to the roof, ribs, and floor surfaces ofmine entries. Currently, the determination of whether a mine is adequately pro-tected from the coal dust explosion hazard is to analyze collected mine dust sam-ples for percent total incombustible content (% TIC). A minimum of 80% TIC isrequired as per 30 CFR 75.403.Moisture and humidity within a coal mine variesgreatly with the seasons with explosions occurring more frequently during drywinter months. This paper will discuss the fluctuations of the as-received mois-ture content of the dust samples collected by Mine Safety and HealthAdministration inspectors in 2010 and the observed fluctuations in BrucetonExperimental Mine and the Safety Research Coal Mine over a one-year period.Further discussions will include results from the OMSHR laboratory experi-ments that were conducted to identify the moisture wicking rates and subse-quent drying times of rock dust.

3:45 PMUnderground Mine Production Schedule Optimization withVentilation

A. Brickey1, A. Newman2 and M. Kuchta1; 1Mining Engineering, Colorado School of Mines, Golden, CO and 2Economics & Business,Colorado School of Mines, Golden, COTraditional underground mine schedules have been based solely on productionlimitations (equipment, hoisting, and milling capacities). We present a new, moreholistic approach to underground mine planning by incorporating ventilation, re-sulting in a large-scale integer optimization model that maximizes discountedgold extraction. Constraints include typical (linear) precedence and resource ca-pacities, and ventilation capacities. We provide preliminary computational re-sults. The purpose of this model is to incorporate ventilation challenges such asdiesel particulate matter and heat into the mine scheduling process.

This is the Technical Program as of September 15, 2013. IT IS SUBJECT TO CHANGE. Please see the Onsite Program for final details.

TECHNICAL PROGRAMEnVIROnMEnTAL:

How Long is Long Enough: Case Studies inHumidity Cell Tests

2:00 PM • Monday, February 24chairs: C. Bucknam, newmont Metallurgical Services,

englewood, co V. McLemore, new Mexico bureau of geology, new Mexico Tech, Socorro, nM

2:00 PMIntroductions

2:05 PMThe ADTI/SME Prediction Volume: Techniques for PredictingMetal Mining Influenced Water: The Consensus Process andWhat’s new

R. Williams1, S. Diehl2 and L. Kirk3; 1Bureau of Land Management,USDI, Butte, MT; 2Geological Society (retired), Mineralogist, Denver,CO and 3Enviromin, Geologist, Bozeman, MTTechniques for Predicting Metal Mining Influenced Water is one of the latest in aseries of collaborative publications between the Acid Drainage TechnologyInitiative (ADTI) and SME. Other volumes have included: Volume 1, Basics ofMetal Mining Influenced Water; Volume 2, Mitigation of Metal Mining InfluencedWater; Volume 3, Mine Pit Lakes, Characteristics, Predictive Modeling, andSustainability, and in preparation, Environmental Sampling and Monitoring forthe Mine-Life Cycle and Modeling. A long time in preparation, in part due toADTI’s Consensus process, the Prediction Volume summarizes the current sta-tus of predicting acid drainage and metal leaching. The volume repeatedlystresses the importance of a detailed understanding of geology including lithol-ogy, mineralogy and alteration history as a pretext for interpreting both staticand kinetic acid drainage tests. The volume also proposes some flexibility for ki-netic test duration through the development of a site specific objective-basedframework that can be developed and modified through government and private stakeholder input.

2:25 PMHumidity Cell Tests: How Long is Long Enough?

M. Lengke1, A. Davis1, S. McCaffery1 and S. Stoeberl2; 1Geomega, Inc.,Boulder, CO and 2Newmont Mining Corporation, Elko, NVHumidity cell tests (HCTs) are fundamental building blocks used in predictivepit lake and waste rock characterization studies which are indispensable in per-mitting mining operations. Terminating these tests has been the subject of con-troversy because HCTs with a preponderance of sulfide over carbonate can runfor over a year without generating acid. Forty-four HCTs were selected to repre-sent the spatial distribution of the dominant lithologies in the Gold Quarry, NVpit. The minimum ASTM-mandated run time is 20 weeks, however all 44 HCTswere run much longer than 20 weeks. Of these cells, 2 with a negative NNP (-217and -124 tons CaCO3/ktons) failed to demonstrate acid despite copious pyritewhich exceeded carbonate. A post-mortem after HCT deconstruction indicatedthat most pyrite grains were encapsulated by quartz. After normalizing based onthe quartz encapsulation, the NNPs were recalculated as -131 and 22 tonsCaCO3/ktons compared to their non-normalized values of -217 and -124 tonsCaCO3/ktons, respectively. The encapsulation mechanism provides insight tothe mechanics that prevent apparently acid-generating materials from generat-ing acid.

2:45 PMSearching for Black Swans – Kinetic Testing of Low S Tailings

L. Kirk and K. Seipel; Enviromin, Inc., Bozeman, MTIn 2011, RC Resources initiated a humidity cell test (HCT) of composited metal-lurgical test samples from the proposed Rock Creek mine. Intended to addressquestions about potential metal release from the low S, siliceous tailings and as-sess impact on high quality, low hardness receiving waters, the HCT underwentregulatory review for termination following 20 weeks of relatively unremark-able analytical results. Sampling continued during the review, however, and asample collected at 24 weeks exceeded the Montana human health standard forarsenic. Although the HCT was approved for termination at 20 weeks, the testwas resumed at week 39 for select parameters. Arsenic release declined to baseline concentrations by week 52, but RC Resources extended the HCT to

demonstrate the overall inert character of the material, which produced no acidand released very low sulfate and metal concentrations until week 60, when alu-minum began to rise above surface water standards. The HCT was ultimatelyterminated at week 96, again following regulatory consultation, and provides anexcellent example of challenges that can arise during prolonged HCT testing ofweakly buffered, low S rock.

3:05 PMHope is not Prognostication – Goals and Time Periods for KineticTesting of Sulfide Mine-wastes

M. Logsdon; Geochimica, Inc., Aptos, CAThere is no single answer to “How long should kinetic tests run?” for two prin-cipal reasons: 1 Different mineral assemblages behave differently both qualita-tively and quantitatively during leaching 2 Kinetic leaching tests are conductedfor different purposes. At least three major purposes can be posited: 1 Are pre-dictions of ARD status from static tests confirmed by kinetic tests? 2 Will activeengineering management, including water treatment, likely be required? 3What is the expected water chemistry of effluents that could be generated? Weexamine long-term (288 – 317 weeks) column leach tests with total sulfide-sul-fur concentrations range from < 0.2 wt% to 8.13 wt%. We evaluate how thethree major questions would be resolved as a function of how much time-seriesdata is available for judgment. One might wish that a standard answer werepossible, and that the answer should be some reasonably short period.Experience shows that site-specific data are necessary and sufficient to answerthe relevant questions.

3:25 PMWhat Determines Lag Times in Humidity Cell Tests?

K. Sexsmith and D. MacGregor; SRK Consulting, Vancouver, BC,CanadaIt is common practice to run kinetic tests on potentially acid generating rock ortailings samples to determine the amount of time it will take for acidic condi-tions to develop—often called “lag time”. Defining lag time is important for un-derstanding when management plans need to be in place for preventing or miti-gating acid rock drainage. However, it is relatively rare for acidic conditions todevelop over the course of a laboratory test. More often, acidic conditions arepresent from the start of testing or they never develop at all. For this lattergroup of tests, lag times can be calculated, but are considered to have a widerange of uncertainty. This paper presents the results for a number of exceptionaltests where there was a distinct delay to the onset of acidic conditions. It also ex-plores the relationships between the lag time in these tests and correspondingdata on oxidation rates, neutralization potential, total inorganic carbon content,and mineralogy. The results emphasize the value of running some tests for anextended period of time.

3:45 PMHumidity Cell Marathons: Uncertainty, Risks, and Alternatives

B. Greer and S. Helgen; Integral Consulting Inc., Lousiville, COStakeholders are relying on humidity cell tests (HCTs) that have been run far be-yond the 20-week minimum to reduce environmental uncertainty, particularlyfor those materials with uncertain static acid generation potential (AGP) orwhere different static methods disagree on AGP. Marathon HCTs that excludenon-acid materials can underrepresent alkalinity and metal contributions fromthese materials. Case studies show that one may not find increased certainty re-garding the potential for acid generation in an uncertain AGP HCT that hasleached for years. The expectation of marathon HCTs can contribute to longerpermitting times and increased costs. Physical processes affecting HCT leachatequality, such as precipitation and dissolution of mineral phases, and decrepitat-ing sample grains, are difficult to quantify based on leachate quality alone anddifficult to incorporate into predictive modeling. Given the vast amounts of ma-terial involved, reliance on a few longer HCTs may not increase certainty asmuch as a larger number of static and short-term leaching tests, such as detailedmineralogy and sequential or kinetic net acid generation tests.

This is the Technical Program as of September 15, 2013. IT IS SUBJECT TO CHANGE. Please see the Onsite Program for final details.

TECHNICAL PROGRAMEnVIROnMEnTAL:

Microbes in Mine Waste2:00 PM • Monday, February 24

chairs: L. Kirk, Microbes in Mine Waste, bozeman, MT R. Mongrain, aRcaDIS u.S., Inc., Phoenix, aZ

2:00 PMIntroductions

2:05 PMA Short History of Pyrite and Acid Rock Drainage: An Engineer’sPerspective of ARD Management

J. Gusek; Sovereign Consulting Inc., Golden, COWith advance apologies to the best-selling author Bill Bryson, this paper will ex-amine the ubiquitous problem of acid rock drainage (ARD) from an engineer’sperspective. From the origins of pyrite in anoxic marine sediments, coal bedmeasures, and hydrothermal environments, to the observations of Agricola inthe 16th century, to the GARD guide of the 21st century, the history of pyrite isprobably as old as life itself. How this history might be perceived with regard tocontrolling ARD is a relatively recent development. The conventional wisdomfor controlling of ARD relates to the disruption of a four-pointed biogeochemicalrelationship, the “ARD Tetrahedron”. From an engineering perspective, controlshave two major components: the mechanisms of biogeochemical disruption andthe technologies for implementing those mechanisms. The successful merging ofmechanisms and technologies is required to mitigate ARD; this is the current en-gineering challenge. Additional Key Words: mining influenced water, abandonedmines, pollution prevention

2:25 PMMicrobial Mechanism for Sulfur Oxidation is Highly Conserved:Importance in Mined Environments

M. Kozubal1, L. Bozeman2 and L. Kirk2; 1Sustainable Bioproducts LLC,Bozeman, MT and 2Enviromin, Inc., Bozeman, MTEffective use of microbes for bioleaching of sulfidic ores and management of sul-fide oxidation in controlling acid rock drainage both require knowledge of mi-crobial community structure and metabolism. Advances in genome sequencingand bioinformatics allow comparison of sequences across thousands of isolatedspecies and environmental genomes from diverse habitats. Genes specific forsulfur (S) oxidation are highly conserved and their presence and gene order inmicrobial and environmental genomes are excellent indicators of geochemicalpotential. Here we compare S oxidation genes from various environmentalgenomes from mine sites. Results indicate highly conserved heterodisulfide(hdr) gene clusters are involved in the oxidation of elemental S and are oftenfound with sulfide quinone oxidoreductases (sqr), sulfite molybpterin oxidases(som), tetrathionate oxidase (tdh) and thiosulfate oxidation genes (tqo).Furthermore, microbes often contain multiple copies of the highly conservedheme copper terminal oxidase (HCO) subunits I involved in oxygen respiration.Environmental genome analysis offers an outstanding tool for understandingthe biogeochemistry of S cycling in mined rock.

2:45 PMZinc Biomineralization at Rio naracauli, Sardinia: A Way to “Soft”Remediation of Heavy Metal Polluted Waters?

P. Lattanzi, G. De Giudici, D. Medas and F. Podda; Scienze chimiche egeologiche, Università di Cagliari, Cagliari, ItalyAt two distinct locations along Rio Naracauli, a streamlet polluted by drainagefrom mine tailings in the abandoned Pb-Zn-Ag Ingurtosu district (Sardinia,Italy), biologically mediated precipitation of zinc-rich phases occurs. At one site,the Zn phase is hydrozincite, Zn5(OH)6(CO3)2; at the other, an amorphousphase similar to a zinc silicate is formed. Precipitation is associated to two dis-tinct microbial communities, and is related to seasonal conditions. In both cases,other metals such as Cd and Pb are entrained in the precipitate, resulting in a remarkable decrease of all metals in solution. The phenomena have clearly a po-tential for ”soft” remediation of heavy metal polluted waters. However, so far attempts to reproduce the phenomena ex situ had limited success.

3:05 PMBiological Soil Crusts are Early Colonizers of ExtremeEnvironments and Alter Metal Solubility and Soil Fertility

K. Noonan1, A. Anbar3, F. Garcia-Pichel4, H. Hartnett3 and J. Gillow2;1ARCADIS, Phoenix, AZ; 2ARCADIS, Highlands Ranch, CO; 3School ofEarth and Space Exploration, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ and4School of Life Sciences, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZBiological soil crusts (BSCs) are pioneering microbial communities that thrivein arid and semiarid ecosystems; here we focus on their potential role in mineenvironments. BSCs are composed of a variety of microorganisms that not onlyprovide the primary sources of bioavailable macronutrients but also increasemicronutrient availability in the surrounding ecosystem. Laboratory incuba-tion experiments found that BSCs influence metal concentrations in the soil so-lution, causing some metals to be mobilized and others to be immobilized. Wealso confirmed the presence of siderophore producing microbes in BSCs.Siderophore production is likely the mechanism by which BSCs affect soil solu-tion metal concentrations by increasing metal solubility and facilitating metalupdate. The results of this work have relevance to mine wastes because BSC or-ganisms will likely be some of the first to colonize mine sites in arid and semi-arid environments after mine closure. The presence of these microbes may in-fluence the long-term fate of metals in mine wastes. It is also possible that BSCorganisms could play a role in restoration of land fertility following cessation ofmine operations.

3:25 PMBiogeochemical Controls on In-situ Anaerobic Degradation ofCyanide in Mining Tailings

L. Landkamer1, C. Bucknam2 and L. Figueroa1; 1Civil and Environmen-tal Engineering, Colorado School of Mines, Golden, CO and 2NewmontMetallurgical Technologies, Newmont Mining Corporation, Englewood, COThere is a lack of information on anaerobic biodegradation of cyanide in thepresence of mining tailings when sulfate is present (potential sulfate reducingconditions). Two parallel lines of inquiry are under investigation at CSM: 1)anaerobic chemolithotrophic (no organic carbon required) cyanide degradationto ammonia and bicarbonate under sulfate reducing conditions and 2) anaerobicheterotrophic cyanide degradation driven by amended organic carbon undersulfate reducing conditions. While instances of anaerobic heterotrophic cyanidedegradation have been documented, anaerobic chemolithotrophic cyanidedegradation has not. However, thermodynamic calculations predict that anaero-bic chemolithotrophic degradation of cyanide when sulfate is present is thermo-dynamically favorable. The carbon in cyanide could act as an electron donor toreduce sulfate to sulfide. While no microorganisms have yet been identified thatfill the ecological niche of autotrophic cyanide degradation coupled to sulfate re-duction, likely because no one has looked for them, experience has shown thatwhen an energetically favorable energy gradient exist, microorganisms willevolve to take advantage of it.

3:45 PMSpatial Analysis of a Microbial Community in Mined Waste Rock:Activities and Signatures

D. Skorupa, L. Kirk, C. Hwang, R. Macur, D. Walker, M. Fields, D. Goeres and B. Peyton; Center for Biofilm Engineering, Montana State University, Bozeman, MTBaseline microbial community structure and richness were investigated in twomine waste rock dumps which contained constituents of interest (CI’s) includingselenium (Se) and nitrate (NO3-). Pyrosequencing of 16S rRNA gene ampliconsfrom drill core samples enabled tracking of spatial changes within a depth pro-file. Analyses showed communities shifting as a function of depth, due tochanges in the geochemistry. Ordination analyses revealed the clustering ofsamples based on important bacterial communities and geochemical and physi-cal properties of the rock. Microbes with the metabolic potential to reduce CI’ssuch as SeO42- and NO3-, and those able to break down hydrocarbons werepresent in the waste rock from both dumps, and occurred in association withlow oxygen zones, supporting the occurrence of sub-oxic zones within the rockdumps. Contrastingly, few sequences associated with SO42- reducing popula-tions were detected at most depths. The possible presence of NO3 and SeO42-reducing bacterial populations provide important insights into whether microbial communities in waste rock can be managed through dump design toinfluence the biogeochemical cycling and release of CI’s.

This is the Technical Program as of September 15, 2013. IT IS SUBJECT TO CHANGE. Please see the Onsite Program for final details.

TECHNICAL PROGRAM4:05 PMThe Landusky Mine Biotreatment System: Comparison ofConventional Bioreactor Performance with a new Electro-bioreactor Performance with a new Electro-Biochemical Reactor(EBR) Technology

A. Opara1, M. Peoples1, D. Adams1 and W. Maehl2; 1INOTEC INC., SaltLake City, UT and 2Spectrum Engineering, Billings, UTThe Landusky Mine is an abandoned gold mine, located in Montana. Operated asa heap-leaching operation from 1979 to 1998, the mine has experienced acidrock drainage for the last decade and has been releasing metals and inorganiccontaminants. Bioreactor water treatment was constructed in 2002 for removalof species not effectively treated by the chemical precipitation; most notably, ni-trate-N (100-390 mg/L), total cyanide (0.1-3.0 mg/L), and selenium (0.8-1.5mg/L). A novel biotreatment method, Electro-Biochemical Reactor (EBR), wastested at pilot-scale in 2013. While conventional biotreatments, such as the oneat the Landusky Mine, use excess nutrients to provide electrons for redox reac-tions of contaminants, the EBR takes advantage of electrons provided to the mi-crobes directly, at low voltage. By doing so, the EBR treatment systems are moreeconomical and controllable than the past generations of conventional biotreat-ments. This paper presents a side-by-side comparison of results obtained in apilot EBR system and an existing full-scale conventional biotreatment plant.Contaminant removal efficiencies, required hydraulic retention times, and nutrient additions are compared.

4:25 PMEvaluation of Biological Sulfate Reduction Applied to theTreatment of Metals in a Mine Pit Lake

P. Moran1, J. Gillow1, J. Kerstiens3, M. Hay2 and J. Rozelle4; 1ARCADIS,Highlands Ranch, CO; 2ARCADIS, Boulder, CO; 3ARCADIS, Denver, COand 4Vista Gold Corp, Littleton, COThe application of biological sulfate reduction to treat dissolved metals (Cd, Co,Cu, Ni, Zn) in acidic pit lake water was evaluated at the laboratory bench-scaleusing anaerobic bioreactors. The acidic water was initially neutralized to pH 7with micronized limestone, resulting in metals precipitation; however, polishingtreatment via sulfate reduction was also investigated to achieve regulatory stan-dards for discharge to surface water with low dilution. Time-series tests in-cluded molasses (250 to 2000 mg/L) and lactate (150 to 900 mg/L) as sub-strates. After 30 days of incubation, metals concentrations were close to orbelow regulatory standards (Cu and Cd <1 mg/L, Ni and Zn at low mg/L levels).Biological sulfate reduction required close control of pH due to accumulation oforganic acids and selection of optimal carbon sources to achieve treatabilitygoals while minimizing costs. Technical and engineering challenges related toscale up from bench, pilot, and full-scale application (>2 billion gallons) will bediscussed, including control of hydrogen sulfide evolution, carbon dosing strate-gies, settling rates of metal precipitates, and biological oxygen demand oftreated water.

EnVIROnMEnTAL:Practical Application and Value of

Environmental Management Systems andCorporate Sustainability Reporting

2:00 PM • Monday, February 24chair: J. Schrack, econata Systems, highlands Ranch, co

2:00 PMIntroductions

2:05 PMLeveraging Management Systems on the Path to OperationalExcellence

N. Schnee; ERM, Seattle, WAWith the emergence of ISO 14001 more than 15 years ago, the value organiza-tions have realized by implementing an Environmental Management System(EMS) has been mixed. However, driven by increasingly complex operating envi-ronments and a desire to control costs, leading mining organizations are em-bracing and building upon traditional management systems frameworks with aneye toward programs that pursue Operational Excellence. A reinvigoration of a

standard EMS has helped leading organizations take a more integrated view ofcontrolling not just environmental issues, but reducing overall operational riskand improving bottom line performance. This paper discusses the overlap of atraditional ISO 14001 EMS and how it can be leveraged to an OperationalExcellence model at a site, business unit, and company level.

2:25 PMSustainable Development – Practical Application and Outcomes

W. Burget; Norwest, Salt Lake City, UTThe concept of sustainable development can be both intuitive and elusive as apractical application in a mining context. The scope of an organization’s sustain-ability program with attendant corporate social responsibility reporting mustbe clearly defined and supported from the board and C-level of the organization.Company custom and culture play a significant role in defining the platform anddetermining the scope of business operations to be included. Organizationalstructure can significantly influence success. Implementing a sustainable devel-opment program requires the integration of several cross-functional depart-ments and teams. A successful practitioner must have adequate authority andaccess to all levels of the organization. Adequate, consistent, comparable and ac-curate data is critical, especially in a public forum. Adequate time, human andmonetary resources are required to implement initiatives. Rewarding outcomesare worth the effort — efficiencies are gained, waste and costs are reduced,stakeholders become partners and employees are empowered to develop andcontinuously improve best practices at all levels of the organization.

2:45 PMCorporate Sustainability Reports – Best Practices, Future Trends, Goal-Setting

J. Schrack; Econata Systems, Highlands Ranch, COCorporate Sustainability Reports (CSRs) are becoming increasingly common-place for mining companies. The benefits of sustainability reporting go beyondrelating company financial risk and opportunity to establishing license to oper-ate. Sustainability disclosure can serve as a differentiator in competitive indus-tries; foster investor confidence, trust, and employee loyalty; and may providefirms better access to capital. In a review of more than 7,000 sustainability re-ports from around the globe, researchers found that sustainability disclosuresare being used to help analysts determine company values. In 2012, 53% of theS&P 500 companies issued reports on sustainability or Environmental Socialand Governance (ESG). These firms exemplify the principle that reporting is ex-pected of the top companies in our modern business world. The companies as-sociated with the International Council on Mining and Metals are charged withproducing an annual report using the Global Reporting Initiative SustainabilityReporting Guidelines, Mining and Minerals Sector Supplement. This presentation addresses the best practices, future trends, and goal-setting recommendations associated with CSRs.

3:05 PMSuccess with Light Emitting Diode Technology to Enhance theEnvironmental Management System at the Cresson Mine Project,Victor, Colorado

E. Munroe; Cripple Creek and Victor Gold Mining Company, Victor, COLighting in various areas of the physical plant at the Cresson Mine Project con-tained substandard lighting or was observed to have a high replacement cost. Tobolster Environmental Management System (EMS) efforts, Light Emitting Diode(LED) technology recently replaced specifically targeted conventional lightingarrangements. Review of internal and external industrial lighting locations re-sulted in partial or complete replacement. Installation of LED lighting in four lo-cations indicated an immediate favorable response from the employees. Low-and high-bay lighting, in tandem with human sound and motion detectors, al-lowed for increased visibility. Comparison of electricity usage with fixture me-tering, lumen differences, and diminishing the waste stream as a result of usinglonger-lasting bulbs all point to initially strong positive results. Evaluation ofother replacement locations continues because lighting also enhances workingsafely. Favorable economics, improved safety, and environmental benefits areall sustainability aspects of this effort to continuously improve under theCresson Mine Project EMS.

This is the Technical Program as of September 15, 2013. IT IS SUBJECT TO CHANGE. Please see the Onsite Program for final details.

TECHNICAL PROGRAM3:25 PMMapping and Database Tools for Mining Compliance

M. Maguire; Civil & Environmental Consultants, Pittsburgh, PAPairing a relational database with a Geographic Information System (GIS) cre-ates a sound data storage solution and map-based interface for graphical accessto environmental data. NPDES data management for mining operations presentsan excellent application of this concept, and is especially relevant given thestringent NPDES monitoring and reporting requirements. This presentation willexamine a GIS-based system linked to a compliance database and demonstrateits ability to present mining-related data across multiple facilities. An interactivemap interface illustrating NPDES outfall locations at mining sites will be pre-sented. Outfall attributes, laboratory data, and permit documents stored in therelational database will be accessed via clicking on locations on the GIS map.Additional tools, such as time trend graphs, direct data upload functions, andauto-populated DMR reports, will also be demonstrated through the same user-friendly interface. The presentation will conclude with exploring how a similarcentralized database approach can be applied to other mining activities, such asfugitive dust monitoring, inspection reporting, emissions permitting, and document archiving.

3:45 PMInnovation and Practicality in Achieving Water ConservationGoals in Operations-Protecting Springs, Groundwater, and Runoff

D. Gilbert; Univ. of Ill, Huaraz, PeruIn the mining environment, it is imperative to focus on water conservation, bothto accomplish operational goals (water balance), and environmental sustainabil-ity. At one mine, water resources staff, have developed innovative methods toachieve these goals, by adopting a conservation-first philosophy. The result hasbeen that this way of thinking nearly always results in improved operations, costefficiencies, and improved relations with local authorities and community.Means and methods include, using abandoned infrastructure (roads, pipelines)for freshwater conveyance, and careful mapping of seeps and infiltrations. Also aphilosophy of once clean-stay clean, achieves a simple operational goal acrossthe mine operation. Predicting sediment transport, before waste dumps and ac-tive mine operations advance, allows for optimization of space, prior installationof sediment capture ponds, to ensure safe discharge to environment. Aside fromenvironmental sustainability, there is a positive effect on the balance sheet, re-ducing expensive treatment and risk of non-compliance. Other efforts includegreen technologies, including roof capture systems, and optimized use of reclaim water.

EnVIROnMEnTAL: Sustainable Mine Remediation Technologies

2:00 PM • Monday, February 24chairs: D. Anderson, aRcaDIS u.S., Inc., emeryville, ca

B. nielsen, Freeport-McMoRan copper and gold, Phoenix, aZ

2:00 PMIntroductions

2:05 PMSuccessful Passive Treatment – The Importance of SourceControl

P. Eger1 and J. Gusek2; 1Global Minerals Engineering, Hibbing, MN and2Sovereign Engineering, Lakewood, COThe “perfect” passive treatment system costs little to build and works foreverwith no maintenance. Although this is a worthy goal, all passive systems needsome maintenance and generally will need periodic refurbishment. Reducingthe mass of constituents with source control can extend the longevity of passivesystems. The acid generation process is analogous to the fire triangle (The acidgeneration tetrahedron). The process requires fuel, (an iron sulfide source,pyrite), air (oxidizer, oxygen), ignition (bacteria) and water for reaction andtransport of the reaction products. Breaking any of the “legs” of the tetrahedroncan stop the reaction. At a mine site in Arizona, source control reduced the typi-cal flow to the passive treatment system to about 30% of the original designvalue, and pH increased from 2.4 to 7.4 with a commensurate reduction in met-als. Since the system was designed to handle much higher metal loads, it now hasmore capacity/longevity than the original estimate. At the Dunka Mine in

Minnesota, source control reduced the input of metals into a passive treatmentsystem by around 94%. Based on model predictions, this system now appears tobe self-sustaining.

2:25 PMAlkaline Flush Technology: An In-situ Treatment Method forMine Impacted Alluvial Aquifers

O. Ogungbade, P. Kochunarayanan, S. Fees, E. Weiland and D. Ramey;Freeport McMoRan, Oro Valley, AZAlkaline Flush (ALF) Technology introduces an alkali reagent to adjust ground-water and sediment pH and the surface chemistry of sediments to provide insitu remediation of acidic-metals impacted alluvial aquifers. Along with the re-duction in groundwater and sediment acidity, this technology may precipitatemetals of concern into stable mineral forms significantly reducing their aqueousconcentrations over both the short-term and long-term. Application of ALF tech-nology may provide a “resiliency period” or an “acceleration period”. This tech-nology offers an opportunity for remediation of alluvial aquifer systems at costslower than those associated with other potential remedial alternatives.

2:45 PMSediment Acidity and its Impact on the Implementation ofAlkaline Flush Technology

P. Kochunarayanan, O. Ogungbade, S. Fees, E. Weiland and D. Ramey;Freeport McMoRan, Oro Valley, AZAlkaline Flush (ALF) Technology introduces an alkali reagent to acidic alluvialaquifer impacted with metals to adjust the pH of impacted groundwater andsediment as well as the surface chemistry of sediments to provide in situ reme-diation. The estimation of alkalinity required for treatment requires an under-standing of short- and long-term sediment acidity. It is critical to characterizeoverall acidity by evaluating the distribution of sediment acidity within differentparticle size fractions and the mineralogy. We will discuss our observations ondetermining the amount and characteristics of sediment acidity, plus how thisinformation might be used to implement the ALF technology.

3:05 PMPassive Sulfate Reducing Bioreactors for Mining ImpactedWater: Lessons Learned

I. Lee, L. Santisteban, E. Weiland and D. Ramey; Freeport McMoRan,Oro Valley, AZThe use of passive treatment, sulfate reducing bioreactors (SRBR) to treat min-ing impacted water (MIW) has received widespread acceptance from miningcompanies and regulatory agencies. SRBRs utilize microorganisms and culturesubstrate to remediate MIW containing low pH, high concentrations of sulfate,and heavy metals. Sulfate reducing bacteria (SRB) reduce sulfate to sulfide andgenerate alkalinity, resulting in the precipitation of metal sulfides and neutral-ized acidity. Here we highlight a variety of SRBR technologies evaluated usingbench-scale, pilot, and full-scale systems for the treatment of MIWs under dif-ferent environmental conditions. Two full-scale SRBRs were coupled with anaerobic polishing system: one a wetland and the other a polishing cell to aerateSRBR effluent and remove remaining constituents. Finally, bench-scale passiveSRBRs are being operated using MIW to elucidate the metal removal mecha-nisms and the relationship between MIW treatment efficiency and microbialcommunity. We discuss the successes, failures, and significant findings of eachSRBR technology.

3:25 PMBench Scale Biochemical Reactor Treatment of Uranium,Radium, and Selenium

R. Schipper1 and B. Nielsen2; 1Golder Associates, Lakewood, CO and2Freeport-McMoRan Copper and Gold, Pheonix, AZTwo bench scale biochemical reactors (BCRs) were operated for over 3 monthsfor the removal of uranium, radium, and selenium from mining influencedwater. A BCR is an anaerobic reactor comprised of organic and inorganic sub-strate including woodchips, straw, sawdust, and limestone. Uranium andSelenium are removed in a BCR by biological reduction of oxidized species (i.e.,selenite, selenate) to less soluble forms. It is believed that radium may be re-moved through absorption to the biomass in the BCR. The bench scale BCRswere constructed of 6 inch PVC columns with a top to bottom flow configura-tion. The bench influent water consisted of three different water ratios from twoadit seeps. BCR hydraulic retention times of 24 to 36 hours were targeted duringthe study. Influent concentrations ranged from 19 ug/L to 1.86mg/L for dis-solved uranium, 12 ug/L to 270 ug/L for dissolved selenium, and 4.9 pCi/L to 24

This is the Technical Program as of September 15, 2013. IT IS SUBJECT TO CHANGE. Please see the Onsite Program for final details.

TECHNICAL PROGRAM2:25 PM3D Digital Block Modeling and 4D Mine Plans

D. Linder; RJ Lee Group Inc., Birmingham, ALThe foundation of an effective mine plan is a robust digital 3D geologic modelthat provides the framework from which an effective mine plan is designed,thereby optimizing the geologic asset. Data including aerial photography, topog-raphy, field mapping, drilling and rock properties form the basis of the model.Accurate and efficient 4D mine plans incorporate this geologic model as well asall applicable mining parameters, including time. The entire process of geologicmodeling and mine planning provides opportunities to generate high qualitytechnical illustrations that are necessary for day-to-day mining operations andmanagement decision making and planning.

2:45 PMIs There a Role for Lerchs-Grossman Optimization in IndustrialMinerals and Aggregates Mine Planning?

K. Awuah-Offei; Mining Engineering, Missouri University of Science &Technology, Rolla, MOPit optimization, using algorithms like Lerchs-Grossman (LG) and floating cone,is a common step in conventional life-of-mine surface mine planning. It is usedto determine the ultimate pit boundaries. Yet, this step is often ignored in mineplanning for industrial minerals and aggregates. There are real challenges to im-plementing LG optimization in industrial minerals including long mine lives;cost of software packages; local markets and implications of determining blockvalues; and lack of drill hole data. Still, the benefits of LG-type optimization canbe demonstrated in some instances. This paper discusses the challenges andbenefits of implementing LG optimization in industrial minerals and aggregatesand makes recommendations for when it is useful.

3:05 PMOverburden Storage Management – Is Storing Overburden in theQuarry Pit Really Out of the Question?

B. Parker; Cardno MM&A, Ashland, VAThe process of stripping and storing overburden to reach mineable reserves re-quires significant planning for aggregate mine sites located within the UnitedStates. In most instances, and particularly with new mines, overburden and top-soil materials are located on the surface in areas outside of pit expansion. Thisprocess usually leads to large piles of overburden requiring multiple storage de-signs, the construction of erosion and sediment controls and increased reclama-tion costs. Of all places to store overburden, within an existing pit is less than op-timal in that it usually results in relocating the overburden during future pitexpansions. The purpose of this presentation is to evaluate cases where storageof overburden within an existing pit may be the best solution. A detailed modeland case study will be reviewed for an aggregate quarry in Virginia where theoption to store material in the pit was considered.

3:25 PMHow to Improve Reserve Estimates and Mine Planning UsingHigh Resolution Geophysical Imaging

B. Waters1, B. Faison2 and R. Pierce2; 1Golder Associates, Richmond,VA and 2Luck Stone, Richmond, VAAdvances in electrical resistivity imaging (ERI) have led to more detailed andaccurate prediction of subsurface conditions. Geophysical data, when con-strained by and calibrated to borehole data, can be used to fill in wide data gapsin between intrusive borehole data and can improve the overall understandingand conceptual model of subsurface conditions. This can result in a more accu-rate estimate of reserve and overburden volumes and can be used to develop amore efficient mine plan including sequencing, avoidance of thick inburden andoverburden deposits, and identification of overburden stock pile areas. A casestudy is provided where a detailed pseudo-3D ERI survey was completed overa thin sand and gravel deposit. The geophysical results were compared directlywith deposits observed along a continuous cut and clearly delineated the hori-zontal and vertical extent of reserves, the thickness of overburden deposits,and the presence of inburden deposits as thin as 3 feet. The results were usedto develop a 3D model of the sand and gravel deposit, estimate reserve andoverburden volumes, and to plan an efficient way to extract the reserves at thelowest possible cost.

pCi/L for radium 226. The average and maximum dissolved uranium removalwas 93.6% and 98.5% respectively, the average and maximum dissolved selenium removal was 93.3% and 98.9% respectively, and the average and maximum radium 226 removal was 89.5% and 100% respectively.

3:45 PMTwin- ZVI PRBs in a Former Arroyo – Performance EvaluationAfter 1.5 years

A. Griffin1, J. Horst2 and G. Leone3; 1ARCADIS, Seattle, WA; 2ARCADIS,Newtown, PA and 3ARCADIS, Highlands Ranch, COThis presentation will review the performance of two permeable reactive barri-ers (PRBs) one and a half years after installation. The PRBs were installed in se-ries across a former (now buried) arroyo to achieve passive treatment ofgroundwater impacted with metals, primarily arsenic. These barriers, con-structed using zerovalent iron (ZVI), are a key element of a site-wide strategy toreduce long-term flux of impacted groundwater to downgradient receptors.Monitoring data will be presented and compared to the PRB design parametersand performance objectives, which include: 1) effective removal of arsenic andselenium from groundwater, 2) hydraulic interception of groundwater such thatit flows effectively through the barriers and, 3) continued reactivity of the ZVIand positive geochemical indicators. Performance monitoring of the PRBs in-cludes high-resolution water level monitoring, slug testing, point velocityprobes (PVPs), water quality and solid phase analysis, and spectroscopy and diffraction methods.

4:05 PMRedevelopment of ASARCO Tacoma Smelter Using MultipleTypes of Low Permeable Cap Materials

E. Griffiths; ESBG, CH2M HILL, Bellevue, WACH2M HILL provides A&E services to the EPA Region 10. CH2M HILL assures therequirements of the ROD for the Asarco Tacoma Smelter Superfund Site are im-plemented. The ROD for the site, which was signed in 2003, called for a site-widelow permeable cap (10-7 cm/sec) that is intended to eliminate leaching of con-taminants of concern (arsenic and lead) due to surface water infiltration to thetidally influenced groundwater and to protect people and animals from cominginto contact with site contamination. The smelter site was purchased by a pri-vate developer out of bankruptcy with the intent of developing the site into anurban village. To reduce the costs for completing RA and to develop the sitemore quickly, the developer proposed using portions of the site (e.g. roofs, concrete, asphalt) for the cap instead of first constructing a site wide cap. Thispresentation will discuss the use of multiple different types of caps and the associated joints and required maintenance.

InDUSTRIAL MInERALS & AGGREGATES:Aggregates Reserve Estimation, Mine Planning,

and Extraction2:00 PM • Monday, February 24

chairs: B. Johnson, granite construction, Sacramento, ca A. Storey, Luck Stone corporation, Richmond, Va

2:00 PMIntroductions

2:05 PMEffective Visualization for Better Decision Making

M. Blattman and W. Blattman; Blattman Brothers Consulting LLC, Cypress, TXIn today’s dynamic mining environments, management decisions are commonlydelayed by the difficulty of interpreting large volumes of data. Far too often,complex data is thought of and presented as a simple table or poorly designedmap, clouding the decision making process. Employing better visualizations willhelp transform this seemingly impenetrable data into a powerful decision mak-ing tool. The objective is to replace slow and inefficient visualization tools withrapidly generated simple and well-designed ones. The authors will present anumber of example solutions developed for clients at a variety of mines andquarries. These solutions have helped mine planners to understand grade con-trol issues, allowed upper management to understand the implications of themine plans and confirm the accuracy of the modeling techniques.

This is the Technical Program as of September 15, 2013. IT IS SUBJECT TO CHANGE. Please see the Onsite Program for final details.

TECHNICAL PROGRAM3:45 PMConstructability in Mining Projects

J. Vicknair; Eichleay Engineers, Concord, CAConsidering typically over 40% of a projects cost is construction what best prac-tices are we utilizing to positively affect the outcome of our projects. This paperwill describe constructability and examine a best practice approach to imple-menting and benefiting from a robust constructability work process. Threequestions that may help assess your constructability effort. 1. Does your com-pany have a detailed definition on what constructability is and what is includedor not included in this scope? 2. Does your company have an established workprocess that utilizes constructability? Is it based on industry best practices? 3.How much is Constructability used in your company’s project delivery processand what behavioral issues surround it.

4:05 PMAggregates and Sustainability: perspectives from the United States and Europe

D. Shields; Economics, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, COAggregates are crucial for infrastructure and construction; however, their pro-duction and transportation can have negative impacts such as inefficient usageof water and energy, air pollution, or community disruption. As a result theNIMBY attitude is widely prevalent; people know they need the resource, butdon’t want it quarried near them. Increasingly sustainable development princi-ples, which require consideration and weighing of economic, environmental,and social benefits and costs, are seen as a framework for addressing and solv-ing these types of challenges. And if done so successfully, firms can earn a sociallicense to operate. We consider how sustainability is being applied to quarryingin the United Stated and in Europe. In the latter case, two European Unionfunded projects are introduced. The first (SARMa) focused on sustainable aggre-gates resource management, including environmental best practice and commu-nity engagement . The second follow-on project, SNAP-SEE is addressing sus-tainable national aggregates policies that will be needed to ensure a sustainablesupply of primary and second aggregates in South Eastern Europe.

4:25 PMSharing Data With Mobile GIS Technology

J. Blackmore; Luck Stone Corporation, Richmond, VALuck Stone is sharing operation specific data with the field using a combinationof technology, hardware and software. While personal communication is still es-sential, the ability to instantly share data from the office to the field allows us tothink about our sites differently. Data that used to be delivered on a paper mapcan now be seen through a mobile device in your hand, allowing our field staff tosee themselves on the map. Mobile GIS data is beginning to change the way weinteract and communicate throughout the company.

4:45 PMModeling Haulage Systems of an Aggregate Mine OperationUsing Simulation and Animation

E. Tarshizi1, J. Sturgul2 and D. Taylor1; 1Mine Systems Optimizationand Simulation Laboratory, Mining and Metallurgical Engineering Dept., University of Nevada, Reno, NV and 2School of Civil, Environmental and Mining Engineering, The University of Adelaide,Adelaide, SA, AustraliaThe main purpose of this research is to conduct and develop a simulation andanimation model for an aggregate (sand and gravel) mine operation. This modelassists the mine engineers to investigate and consider the various options ofhaulage systems which are critical for the mine operation productivity. Discrete-event system simulation studies can be used for the typical haulage issues thatmining engineers are often faced with: using truck fleet haulage, conveyor belts,or a combination of both. The simulation has identified some strengths andweaknesses in the current loading and hauling fleet of the mine, and has resultedin some suggestions for improving the system. The simulation includes a full an-imation of the operation. Animation is needed to enhance the benefit of a minesimulation model. By combining the visual power of animation with a mine sim-ulation, a complete picture of the mine system is obtained and displayed. Themine is modeled and animated using GPSS/H® and PROOF Professional, both ofwhich have shown great applicability in discrete mining simulation projects.

InDUSTRIAL MInERALS & AGGREGATES:Industrial Minerals Geology2:00 PM • Monday, February 24

chairs: J. Gauntt, golder associates, Lakewood, co M. Fan, eriez, erie, Pa

2:00 PMIntroductions

2:05 PMFrac Sand Potential in Utah

A. Rupke and T. Boden; Utah Geological Survey, Salt Lake City, UTUtah hosts abundant sand dune and sandstone deposits, and the Utah GeologicalSurvey evaluated a number of these deposits for frac sand suitability with fund-ing from the Utah School and Institutional Trust Lands Administration. We col-lected 60 samples from nearly 20 geologic units across the state, ranging in agefrom Permian through Quaternary. For each sample, we evaluated grain sizedistribution by sieve analysis, sphericity and roundness by visual estimate, andpurity using semi-quantitative x-ray fluorescence. For consolidated sandstoneunits, friability was also qualitatively estimated. Based on our results, the unitswith the highest potential are unconsolidated Quaternary eolian deposits insouthwest Utah, the Jurassic White Throne Member of the Temple CapFormation in southwest Utah, and the Permian White Rim/Cedar MesaSandstones in central Utah. These units could potentially provide a 30/50 or40/70 sized frac sand product, but additional testing, particularly crush resist-ance testing, would be required to determine if they are fully suitable for use asfrac sand.

2:25 PMAdvances in Potash Resource Estimation: What We Think WeKnow, What We Really Know, and What To Do About It

L. Fourie; North Rim, Saskatoon, SK, CanadaThe way forward for potash resource estimation, from the still-common polygo-nal method and/or inverse distance is discussed. Gaussian Simulation with thebenefits of probabilistic resource modelling is suggested as an alternate re-source estimation strategy, with some attention given to potash variography,and the accompanying challenges. The practical benefit of seam selection algo-rithms is shown. Finally, the economic benefit of improving ResourceEstimation Methods is discussed.

2:45 PMGeology of Lithium

I. Kunasz; TRUGroup, Tucson, AZLithium minerals are much younger than metallic and other industrial minerals.Copper, silver and gold have been mined for centuries. Salt, kaolin, and other in-dustrial minerals have been part of developing civilizations for millennia.Unknown until 1800, lithium was identified after a chemical analysis of a sampleof petalite from a pegmatite on Utoe Island in Sweden failed to identify an un-known substance. This presentation will analyze the geological and geochemicalconditions, which controlled the formation of various lithium-bearing deposits.

3:05 PMThe Often Overlooked Use of Polarized Light Microscopy in theMining Industry

D. Linder; RJ Lee Group Inc., Birmingham, ALThe use of the PLM is a widely overlooked ‘art’ form which can be used as a pow-erful tool in the aggregate industry. A thorough and true understanding of theunderlying principles of Optical Crystallography is required to implement theeffective use of the PLM. Knowledge and proficiency in working with grainmounts or the oil immersion technique in particular brings the ability to makequick and accurate mineral identifications possible. These determinations canbe made in the office or field on a wide variety of sample types from settled dustto ledge rock or hand samples. Mineral identification can be done which repre-sent a tremendous cost savings when it is necessary to rapidly assess asbesti-form from non-asbestiform mineralogy in particular, thereby possibly reducingthe requirement of numerous and more costly analytical methods. This rapidanalysis allows multiple mineral site evaluations of aggregate operations to becompleted in a timely manner. By use of these ‘traditional’ PLM techniques,

This is the Technical Program as of September 15, 2013. IT IS SUBJECT TO CHANGE. Please see the Onsite Program for final details.

TECHNICAL PROGRAMaggregate companies can understand the risk or lack thereof with regard to potentially hazardous mineralogy in currently active operations or during evaluation of greenfield sites.

3:25 PMCarbonate Rock Geology – Industrial Minerals

G. Tomaino; Analytical Services, Minerals Technologies Inc., Easton, PAThe geology of Industrial Mineral-Carbonate Rocks, primarily Limestone,Dolostone, and Magnesite, reside with a deposit’s size, environmental deposi-tion-mineralogical composition, distribution of accessory minerals, tectonic his-tory and economically extractable formation combine to provide attributes ofcommercial value in many intermediate end-use markets for developed and de-veloping civilizations-countries. Sedimentary carbonate rocks such as limestoneare common on every continent having formed from Precambrian into presenttimes mostly as biological derivations partly or wholly in tropical environmentsas reefs or on the bottom of shallow seas. Modern sediments comprise arago-nite, a metastable structure, and as high and low magnesium rich-calcite thatovertime convert over to calcite. Post depositional alteration of limestonethrough magnesium rich waters/brines, dolomitization, occur where the level ofdolomite formation can vary from trace up to being the dominant mineral phaseas found in Dolostone. Magnesite evolves primarily through replacement of carbonate rocks and alteration of ultramafic rocks and to much lesser degreethrough sedimentary and vein filling mechanisms.

3:45 PMStructural Controls and Hydrogeolgic Assessment of SubsurfaceMine Inflows: northeast Tennessee, USA

D. Sneyd1, B. Waters2, T. Freese3 and R. Kath4; 1Golder Associates Inc.,Atlanta, GA; 2Golder Associates Inc., Richmond, VA; 3Carmesue Lime & Stone, Pittsburgh, PA and 4Department of Geosciences, University of West Georgia, Carrollton, GAA hydrogeologic study has been completed to better understand geologic con-trols and possible connections and interaction between surface water flow andmine inflows. Geologic mapping of a portal cut at Carmeuse’s mine in northeastTennessee exposed a zone of deformation (ZOD) and solutioning that serves as aconduit for water inflows. One feature encountered during portal excavationwithin the ZOD has an estimated inflow of 350 gpm. Outside the excavation,sinkholes are common along a creek within the ZOD. Surface-water has enteredthrough these sinkholes during high water levels in the creek, and flooded themine pit and underground workings. Stream flow measurements, mine inflowmeasurements, and water quality analyses were conducted. Stream flow loss oc-curred within the ZOD. Measured mine and quarry inflows account for ~85% ofthe loss. Water geochemical indicators and low dissolved constituent concentra-tion for a carbonate aquifer suggests mine inflow is from a short residence timegroundwater source. A hydrogeologic model developed for the site provides abasis to design and implement more focused mitigation measures to reducegroundwater inflow and to dewatering operations.

4:05 PMHand Held (HH XRF) for Exploration and Grade Control in theLimestone or Sand Quarry

A. Seyfarth; Application Development, Bruker Elemental, Kennewick, WAHand Held XRF (HH XRF) with the current Silicon Drift Detector technology isbetter suited now to help in the “prospection” and grade delineation in a quarry.The talk will move from the easy application of Fe in Sand and Kaolin to themore complex limestone and dolomite applications. Physics and the analyzedlayer in these in-hom*ogeneous samples limit the performance and capabilitiesregardless of instrumentation used. The examples shown will teach what to ex-pect in performance to better judge the benefits of onsite vs. laboratory.Although HH can measure the “rockface” directly we will discuss the suggestedsample treatment to obtain good quality results and not just numbers.

This is the Technical Program as of September 15, 2013. IT IS SUBJECT TO CHANGE. Please see the Onsite Program for final details.

MInERAL & METALLURGICAL PROCESSInG:Plenary Session

2:00 PM • Monday, February 24chairs: Raj Rajamani, university of utah, Salt Lake city, uT

John Uhrie, newmont Mining corp., englewood, coCorby Anderson, colorado School of Mines, golden, co

AGaudin Lecturer:

Osvaldo Bascur, OSISoft LLC, The Woodlands, TX“From Dreams to Reality: Modeling of Mineral Processing

Dynamic Performance Management”

Richards Lecturer:John Mansanti, Intrepid Potash, Denver, CO“It Takes a Village to Raise a Metallurgist”

Wadsworth Lecturer:Gary Kordosky, Tucson, AZ

“Asking Key Questions to Speed SX Reagent Development: Two Studies, LIX 87QN and XI-57”

MInERALS EDUCATIOn COALITIOn (MEC)SMEF’s Minerals Education Coalition:

How Can the MEC Help Me?2:00PM • Monday, February 24

chair: Mike SheahanVice chair: Pam WilkinsonDirector: Sharon Schonhautoutreach coordinator: Rachel Grimescurriculum coordinator: Rebecca Smith

The Minerals Education Coalition’s (MEC) mission is to identify, produce anddisseminate fact-based K-12 minerals education lessons and activities and to in-form and educate the general public about the importance of mining in theireveryday lives. The SME Foundation’s vision is for the MEC to succeed in gener-ating an enlightened and supportive public that appreciates the importance ofmining and minerals to their lives and their lifestyles.

This session will feature the MEC’s products and collaborations currently inprogress and introduce some of the new curriculum and resources available foruse in local communities. It is intended that the MEC will provide opportunitiesfor SME Sections and Student Chapter members to share approaches and co-tent that have been successful in their outreach efforts. Items to be covered willinclude demonstrations of SMART Board lessons, navigating the MEC website,and discussion of opportunities for outreach and methods to generate educa-tors and community support for the promotion of the importance of mineralsand mining.

WE ALL NEED MENTORS!

Volunteer to be a MENTOR or sign up to be MENTOREDSee the information in this program or go to: www.smenet.org

TECHNICAL PROGRAMMInInG & EXPLORATIOn:

Kennecott Copper’s Manefay Slide: Part I2:00 PM • Monday, February 24

chair: Brad Ross, Kennecott utah copper, South jordan, uT

2:00 PMIntroductions

2:05 PMOverview of the Manefay Slide

Matt Lengerich and Elaina WareKennecott Utah Copper experienced a major slide (Manefay) of nearly 145 mil-lion tons of material on April 10, 2011. Amazingly there were no deaths or in-juries even though the slide damaged equipment and cut the haul road accessinto the mine. This paper gives general background and facts regarding theManefay slide and its impacts to the Bingham Canyon Mine.

2:25 PMGeotechnical Monitoring of the Slide

Megan GaidaOne of the key reasons that there were no fatalities or injuries as a result of theManefay slide is the extensive geophysical monitoring of the highwalls at theBingham Pit Mine. This monitoring detected a slight acceleration of movementalong the Manefay bed as early as November of 2012 which led to predication ofthe ultimate failure. With this warning the mine staff was able to develop aResponse Plan to increasing acceleration which resulted in the mine being ableto completely evacuate the mine twelve hours before the slide occurred. Thispaper describes the many methods of monitoring that are utilized at theKennecott Copper Mine to protect people and equipment from slides. Thesemethods range from high tech instruments such as IBIS Radar Systems and robotic theodolites to more traditional methods such as training equipment operators to be observant of highwall conditions.

2:50 PMPreparing for the Manefay

Brad Ross, Tim Juvera and Lori SudburyIn March of 2013 it was determined that the Manefay would fail and the result-ing failure would be massive. With this knowledge the mine took on a massiveeffort to protect people and equipment, while preparing for the mine to returnto production. In a little over three weeks buildings, power lines, and communi-cations towers were moved. Offices and maintenance work areas that were inpotential danger areas were relocated and a secondary access for medium andlight vehicles was built into the mine. To prepare for returning to production,parts and supplies were stationed in the pit and equipment as repositioned. Asa result of the team work and efforts by all departments of the mine the most im-portant goal of protecting people was accomplished. Although some equipmentwas destroyed in the slide when it did not behave as anticipated, the mine wasable to return production in a relatively short period of time. This paper de-scribes the work done to prepare for the Manefay slide. It also discusses themethods used to identify and track that work so it was completed before theslide occurred.

3:15 PMRemediation of the Manefay Slide

Cody Sutherlin and Josh DavisThe Manefay slide resulted in 144 million tons of material sliding down from thetop of the mine nearly 2400 feet in vertical distance to the bottom of the pit. Inits wake it destroy a portion of the haulage ramp going into the pit, coverednearly half of the exposed ore and filled up a number of catch benches. It addi-tion it left a scarp that was up to 600 feet in height and a mass of material at thetop of the slide that was on the Manefay bed that was in danger of failure some-time in the future. Although the mine was able to get back producing ore fairlyquickly thanks to the existence of an inpit crusher and conveyor that exited themine underground, there was limited ore exposed for mining. Remediating thescarps, re-establishing the haulroad and uncovering the buried ore are all criti-cal to returning to normal safe operations. This remediation requires the use ofnew tools such as remote controlled equipment to prevent people from working

in hazardous areas as well as new skills for operators. This paper discusses theequipment methods used to remediate the slide, keep people and equipmentsafe and return the mine back to full and sustainable production.

3:40 PMLogistics – Keeping the Mine Operating After the Manefay Eric Etherton, Chris Hacker and Jessica SoutherlinThe Manefay slide destroyed haul trucks, shovels and drills as well as the mainhaul road and access into the Bingham Canyon Mine. Access to the mine is lim-ited to a narrow access road that has 13 tight switchbacks. Although ore pro-duction resumed within a couple weeks of the slide the logistics of getting peo-ple, parts and supplies was critical to maintaining that production. In addition tothe production logistics, new equipment was ordered to remediate the effects ofthe slide and replace production equipment that was destroyed. Over 90 piecesof equipment were procured which included two shovel, thirty dozers, nine ex-cavators, twenty haul trucks and three drills. An example of the accomplish-ments of this effort include the fact that in less than three months a Hitachi 5600was ordered, delivered and constructed in the bottom of the pit – even thoughaccess was limited. This paper discusses the logistical challenges of providingthe equipment, parts and supplies to remediate the Manefay and return theBingham Pit Mine back to production.

MInInG & EXPLORATIOn:Management: Blasting and Blast Management

2:00 PM • Monday, February 24chair: E. Robinson, Southwest energy, Tucson, aZ

2:00 PMIntroductions

2:05 PMCalibration of a Fragmentation Model for a new MiningOperation

T. BoBo1, M. Rocha Gil2, J. Kemeny1 and C. Rodriguez2; 1Split Engineering, Tucson, AZ and 2Split Engineering Chile, Santiago, ChileBlast fragmentation depends on many factors, such as the specific blast design,which includes the amount and type of explosive, the blasting pattern, the holedelay, and other parameters. Secondly, it depends on the rock mass properties,including the uniaxial compressive strength (UCS), the elastic modulus (E), dis-continuity characteristics (GSI or RMR), and density. In this study, the Kuz-Ramfragmentation model has been modified and calibrated for several differentlithologies with varying rock properties to determine the optimum blast designin different parts of the pit. The calibration was conducted by gathering detailedrock data for the different lithologies, including UCS, GSI, elastic modulus anddensity. Secondly, blasting trials with measured fragmentation were conductedin two of the lithologies to determine the influence of the different rock proper-ties on the resulting fragmentation. In this step, nonlinear regression was usedto develop a modified Kuz-Ram model that explicitly takes into account the different rock properties. Finally, optimum blast designs for parts of the pit thatwill be mined in the next 5-10 years were determined.

2:25 PMA Portable Device for Mine Face Rock Fragmentation Analysis

B. Sameti, N. Ziraknejad, E. Chow, A. Azmin and S. Tafazoli; MotionMetrics International Corp, Vancouver, BC, CanadaBlast engineers have been taking advantage of image-based rock fragmentationanalysis methods for the past 3 decades to estimate rock size distributions.These methods utilize a wide range of image segmentation techniques, frommanual to fully-automated, to delineate the edges of the rocks in the image. Rockdelineation results are then converted to physical rock sizes (and percentagepassing curves) by scaling the image pixels to correspond to the physical meas-urements. The size scaling process is critical for acquiring physical measure-ments, but specific to the limitations of different applications. The article startsby presenting a shovel bucket based fragmentation analysis system, where scal-ing is done using the known width of the shovel bucket within the image. Next, itdescribes methods that use pictures captured by digital cameras with scalingreference objects in the view. Finally, the article presents a method that usesthree-dimensional imaging to capture images without the need for scaling reference objects using a compact and self-contained device.

This is the Technical Program as of September 15, 2013. IT IS SUBJECT TO CHANGE. Please see the Onsite Program for final details.

TECHNICAL PROGRAM2:45 PMFragmentation and Pattern Optimization Utilizing Heavy AnFOand Electronic Detonators at Goldcorp, Marigold Mine

S. Aguirre1, C. Dahl2, R. Burke1 and T. Thornton3; 1Orica Mining Services, Orica North America, Elko, NV; 2Technical Services, Southwest Energy, Tucson, AZ and 3Technical Services, GoldCorp,Winnemucca, NVRock Fragmentation plays a key role in ROM Heap Leaching Operations. With nosecondary comminution option, it is critical to optimize fragmentation resultswhile blasting ore zones. Optimum fragmentation provides a significant amountof benefits to the mine which include an opportunity to maximize gold recovery,reduction in tear and wear on mining equipment, safer mining faces and in-creases in productivity. The combination of electronic detonator systems alongwith Heavy ANFO blends have allowed Marigold to expand its patterns providing consistent rock fragmentation at a lower cost per blasted ton.

3:05 PMOptimum Blast Design Using Site-specific Blasting Model andEconomic Evaluation in a Hard Rock Mine

K. Kim; The University of Arizona, Tucson, AZThe empirical site-specific blast model was developed and tested by Kim andKemeny (2011) in a hard rock mine. The parameters in the model are obtainedeasily, quickly and consistently by utilizing the image processing software andSchmidt tensile strength. This site-specific blast fragmentation modeling ap-proach can be incorporated into mine-to-mill optimization; the optimum blastdesign is obtained in accordance with the specific blast energy considering thewhole comminution stages. However, it is one of the challenging research topicsto find the optimum blast energy in a hard rock mine. The economic evaluationwas conducted in a taconite operation and the effect of blasting on subsequentcrushing and grinding operations was investigated by Nielsen and Lownds(1997), and the optimum specific blast energy can be attained by using the eco-nomic evaluation, following the work of Nielsen and Lownds (1997). In thispaper, the study shows the details of the integrated economic evaluation modelfor mine to mill optimization, demonstrating how to find out the optimum blastenergy and how to determine the optimum blast design according to the targetblast fragmentation (P80).

3:25 PMThe Recovery of Misfires, Problem Holes, and Dropped ValuablesPrior to Detonation

E. Robinson; Technical Services, Southwest Energy, Tucson, AZPriming, loading, and stemming operations on an open pit blast pattern createmuch opportunity for problem holes and misfires. Human error along with grav-ity, sharp rocks, piles of drill cuttings, loose collars, and traffic on tight patternsproduces all manner of concern for whether or not a particular hole will fire.Often, blasts are detonated with a known misfire. Typically there is no way to fixa loaded hole where the leg wires fell in and were covered with cuttings before itcould be stemmed, for example. Such holes can be re-primed and “bombed” fromthe top, but this does not guarantee detonation due to the inert material be-tween the new primer and the original column. The danger posed by a misfire ispotentially fatal in nature, and costs associated with reduced production whilegingerly digging one out are significant. Regulatory scrutiny is also making blast-ing accessories ‘lost’ down holes a potential issue. Blasters are often subject todiscipline for such mistakes under company policy. Research into tooling for therecovery of problem holes and misfires has resulted in 7 recovered holes at thetime of this abstract.

3:45 PMSierra Gorda – The new Major Surface Operation and a Goodnext Door neighbor

F. Sanders; Sierra Gorda SCM, KGHM, Antofa*gasta, ChileA comprehensive assessment of the Blasting and Blast Management processes,policies, and procedures necessary to operate a “World Class” open-pit mine andconcentrator processing facility. While maintaining harmonious and compliantrelationships with regulatory agencies and our “Next Door Neighbor” the town-ship of Sierra Gorda, are critical to the project’s success. The most significant as-pects of which are contained in the following: - Special Regulatory permit andprocedures for sleeping pre-loaded blast holes. - Blast Index Model which out-lines blasting parameters for every pattern, based on rock type, geological mod-eling, drill hole data, and historical results. - Development of complex predictiveMeteorological Wind and Temperature Model to plan initiation times.Continuous monitoring of PM-10 levels in the Township, other emission

sources, and regulatory compliance. - Process controls and monitoring of vibra-tion and noise emissions. - Employee and Community educational and aware-ness programs, an anonymous reporting program with committed responsetimes, and scheduled Town Hall communication and feedback meetings.

MInInG & EXPLORATIOn:Management: Leadership Character

2:00 PM • Monday, February 24chair: T. Camm, Montana Tech, butte, MT

2:00 PMIntroductions

2:05 PMPutting the “Fun” Back in Dysfunctional: How to Cope withCharacter Flaws in the Workplace yet Still Produce DesiredResults

J. Dwyer; Cortez, Barrick Gold, Elko, NVThink back and remember who you consider to be the two or three most influ-ential people that have shaped your life. Perhaps these people were in positionsof formal leadership such as a coach, a boss, or a teacher. Maybe these role mod-els were not formal leaders, but instead influential leaders such as a co-worker,fellow student, or former roommate. What characteristics did these peopleshare that you admired? Now, pick out the worst people you’ve ever had to dealwith and think about the characteristics that made you cringe. Certainly, mostpeople would prefer to work with and for people that they admire, but morecommonly the workplace is comprised of a wide variety of personalities andwork styles. In a healthy organization, these differences are capitalized in such away to bring out the strengths of the individuals. This presentation discusseschallenges and solutions for gaining the most from diverse personal styleswhether your goal is to improve safety, increase tons, or generally improveteamwork and morale.

2:25 PMOperations Management: How Hearing and Responding to aWorkforce Created a Top Performing Mine Operation

G. Buchan; Norwest Corp., Denver, COOperations management is often viewed as a role requiring both technicalknowledge and broad experience. Although these skills are important for opera-tions management, there are fundamental people oriented skills that a managercan utilize to drive a successful operation. This paper will discuss the experi-ences of the author with a highly effective manager who utilized these funda-mental people skills not only to achieve a successful career path but also as anintegral part of a high performance mine operation. One skill that was com-monly utilized by this effective leader was the ability to listen and hear and thenrespond in a timely manner to all levels of the organization. This highly effectiveskill not only builds communication within an operation or organization, butalso builds trust and teamwork which leads the mine operation to great successand continuous improvement. Several other aspects of this highly regardedmanager will be discussed to show how the compilation of these people ori-ented skills can drive a competitive mine operation even during a down market.

2:45 PMLeadership Development: The Good, The Bad, and The Ugly

H.B. Miller, Mining Engineering Dept., Colorado School of Mines,Golden, CO and T.D. Arnold, Geovic Mining Corp., Denver, CO This paper focuses on the challenges of preparing students graduating from tra-ditional mineral resource degree programs as they assume positions in today’smining industry. The paper details the success and failures of companies in pro-viding leadership, training, and mentoring of these young professionals, as wellas common industry practices that often lead to problems associated with workforce retention.

2:45 PMThe Dark Side of Leadership: Dealing with a narcissistic Boss

T. Camm; Montana Tech, Butte, MTSome of the defining characteristics of narcissists include a grandiose sense ofself-importance, preoccupation with success and power, a sense of infallibility,

This is the Technical Program as of September 15, 2013. IT IS SUBJECT TO CHANGE. Please see the Onsite Program for final details.

TECHNICAL PROGRAMand a supreme confidence in their ability and intelligence. Ironically, many ofthese characteristics are rewarded in business organizations, which may explainwhy there seems to be so many narcissists in management positions. Assumingwe will be dealing with narcissists throughout our career, it makes sense for usto understand what makes them tick, and more importantly what we can do towork with them in a constructive manner.

3:05 PMBenefits of Balanced Scorecards in Mine Management andWorkforce Motivation

M. Kahraman and S. Dessureault; MGE, The University of Arizona,Tucson, AZMine management is traditionally characterized by numerous reporting obliga-tions, where a series of Key Performance Indicators (KPIs) are tracked on adaily/monthly/quarterly basis from a variety of systems. The old axiom of“whatever is measured is managed” no longer holds because in the informationage, everything is measured, but not everything can be simultaneous managed.Instead, focus is required, where the operation’s leadership can focus on the crit-ical long-term problems, not only on the day-to-day crises. Well over a decade ofexperience creating data warehouses for mining companies has led to the devel-opment scorecard system that creates a culture of introspection that drives aself-perpetuating need for measurable data-driven continuous improvementthrough a variety of tools, such as scorecards closer to the frontline, real-timedashboards to monitor leading indicators, and analytical tools to solve long-term problems. The initial cultural barriers to creating the scorecard system, adetailed overview of the key components of the system, and common pitfalls increating these performance management systems will be highlighted from casestudies of coal and copper mines.

3:25 PMLeading Operator Engagement in Times of Change

B. Wilder and D. Mierau; Life Cycle Engineering, N. Charleston, SCSuccessful operator care programs are designed to improve mining develop-ment and production, promote reliability and safety, reduce waste and decreasetraining and downtime. Leading companies such as Alcoa, Cameco, and CenturyAluminum have been able to apply the five elements critical to a successful oper-ator care program and a structured change management process to producesustainable results. In this session, you will discover a structured process forachieving sustained behavior change, including specific strategies for engagingleaders, mobilizing managers, and motivating employees. These techniqueshave been used to increase percentage of planned work, ore tonnage, headingavailability, OEE and schedule compliance. Applying change management to en-gage operators will also result in reduced equipment failures, fewer emergen-cies, lower maintenance costs, decreased development time and increased pro-duction capacity. You will learn how to: 1. Assess competency for drivingsustainable change 2. Identify sources of resistance 3. Describe the five elementscritical to a successful operator care program

MInInG & EXPLORATIOn:Operations: Open Pit Strategic Planning

2:00 PM • Monday, February 24chair: K. Hanson, uaMec eandc Services, Mining and Metals,

eagle, ID

2:00 PMIntroductions

2:05 PMAn Integrated Mine Plan – Connecting Long, Medium and ShortTerm Planning Strategies at Goldcorp Peñasquito

R. Vivas; Mintec, Tucson, AZGoldcorp is the second largest gold producer in the world with active operationsand projects under development in South, Central and North America.Goldcorp’s flagship operation is Peñasquito, a world-class, poly-metallic depositthat entered production in 2010 and will become Mexico’s largest open-pitmine. Peñasquito consists of two mining areas, Peñasco and Chile Colorado,from which gold, silver, lead and zinc are produced. Since the early stages of theproject, Goldcorp has used the most advanced technologies available to maxi-mize its value. However, the implementation of optimum mine plans has beenchallenging to put into practice. This is due to the fact that the mine operation

involves more complexity than the plans usually reflect. This challenge is an in-dustry wide issue that presents opportunities for improvement. This technicalsession discusses the mine planning methodologies and procedures used toconnect long, medium and short term planning strategies in order to bridge thegap and produce optimum mine plans that can be practically implemented inthe field.

2:25 PMOptimal Open Pit Scheduling with CAPEX and DecliningEquipment Capacities

W. Lambert1, M. LaBonte1 and J. Butler2; 1Minemax, Inc., HighlandsRanch, CO and 2Minemax, Perth, WA, AustraliaWe present an open pit scheduling model, implemented in Minemax Scheduler,which finds an NPV-maximizing schedule while accounting for the declining ca-pacity of current and future equipment. Finding optimal solutions to open pitproduction scheduling problems is a challenge given the large number of blocks,long life of mine, and possibly complex constraints. Annual mining rates are con-strained by equipment capacities, which are themselves a function of equipmentage. For example, aging trucks require more maintenance, reducing their avail-ability and resultant annual haulage capacity. While modelling the reduction inexisting equipment’s capacity is straight forward, identifying the optimal periodin which to replenish capacity via capital expenditures (CAPEX) is not trivial asthe purchased capacity itself has a declining availability. We posit a solution ap-proach, and present results from a Minemax Scheduler model which implementsthat approach. Solutions from this model should enable firms to identify betterlife of mine schedules, more accurately accounting for costs and suggesting optimally timed capital expenditures.

2:45 PMTowards Integration of Long-term Mine Planning and CompositeTailings Production Plan

M. Badiozamani and H. Askari; University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB,CanadaTypically, long-term mine planning models maximize the net present value ofthe extracted ore material over the mine life-time, subject to a number of techni-cal constraints. In oil sands surface mining, processing of the extracted dirt andproduction of bitumen results in massive volumes of slurry, known as tailings.One of the common technologies for tailings dewatering is adding sand and fluc-tuant to the slurry and making composite tailings (CT). Since the volume of tail-ings and produced CT is critical to the mine planning, it is reasonable to includeCT production and deposition planning in mine planning. In this paper, a tailingsmodel is developed that calculates the volume of tailings slurry at the end pointsof hot water extraction process and produced CT downstream. Then an inte-grated MILP model is developed to optimize the long-term mine planning model,with respect to CT production and deposition. Two techniques are implementedto reduce the problem size and make it tractable for real-size cases. The model isverified through running on an oil sands data set and has resulted in an integeroptimal solution. The next step in the research are discussed at the end.

3:05 PMPlanning for a new Mine in Uncertain Times

K. Marten; Barrick Gold, Elko, NVWith the currently fluctuating gold prices it is more important than ever to havea profitable mine plan, but one that is also adaptable to changing economic con-ditions. This presentation will discuss the challenges and other lessons learnedplanning out a gold mine expansion in Northern Nevada.

3:25 PMManaging the Medium Term Mine Scheduling Challenges atBingham Canyon Mine after the Slide

A. Moharana1, J. Lonergan1, D. Hayes2 and N. Armstrong2; 1Consulting,Mintec, Inc., Tucson, AZ and 2Mine Planning, Kennecott Utah Copper,South Jordan, UTA massive slide at Bingham Canyon wiped out not only a side of the pit but alsoall pre-slide mining plans and schedules. New plans and schedules had to be de-veloped in a minimal amount of time to provide management with informationregarding the immediate post-slide production potential and the time needed toramp back up to full production. At the time of the slide, an effort was alreadyunderway to convert Bingham’s in-house Medium Term Scheduling Process toMineSight’s Schedule Optimizer (MSSO). One of the main reasons for doing thiswas to reduce the time needed to produce Medium Term Schedules at Binghamwhich involves a complex shovel based scheduling approach with shovel

This is the Technical Program as of September 15, 2013. IT IS SUBJECT TO CHANGE. Please see the Onsite Program for final details.

TECHNICAL PROGRAMproductivities based on shovel type and the types of mining cuts to which theshovel is assigned over each planning period. The schedule produced must max-imize value, shovel usage, satisfy the mill feed requirements of 4 SAG mills withvariable milling rates, and ensure that truck requirements stay within the exist-ing fleet capacity. This paper will describe how the new MSSO based mine sched-uling process met the challenge of producing new schedules for Bingham in aminimal amount of time.

3:45 PMMine Facility Location Selection in Open-Pit Mines Using a newMultistep-procedure

M. Fazeli1, M. Osanloo1, M. Rezaee2 and R. Honaker2; 1Mining, Amirkabir University of Technology, Tehran, Islamic Republic of Iranand 2Mining, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KYMine Facility Location Selection (MFLS) is one of the most common encounteredproblems associated with sustainable development in open pit mine planningand design. This paper addresses a multistep-procedure to be applied for MFLS.In the first step, the potential areas for the mine facilities are identified througha preliminary screening process with application of the geographical informa-tion system (GIS). In the second step, environmental impacts of each location foreach facility are assessed by determining the effect of comprehensive set of im-pacting factors on various environmental components. This environmental im-pact assessment (EIA) results in finding three to five sites for each facility. In thethird step, the MFLS problem is formulated and solved by a mathematical pro-gramming model to minimize the total transportation and capital costs. The finalsolution of this procedure, to select the most appropriate locations for mine fa-cilities, not only is technically feasible but also minimizes the cost of the miningproject and diminishes the environmental issues of mining activities. This ap-proach was applied to an open pit mine of Iran to select mine facility locations.

4:05 PMThe Impact of Modern Strategic Mine Planning on MineInvestment Decision

N. Gardner; Mining and Metals, AMEC, Oakville, ON, CanadaStrategic mine planning is aimed at maximizing the value to be realized from astrategic resource development. Mine planners use various mine planning toolswith the help of economic input such as prices capital and operating costs,scheduling alternatives, ore body knowledge (volume, tonnage, cut-off grade),mining method, pit optimization, pit design and phase designs. With all the in-formation available, uncertainty abounds, and is a central component to boththe forecasting and valuation of a project. Some of the uncertainties that havebeen determined to have significant impact on the long-term mine planning in-cludes managerial flexibility, technical uncertainty, structural uncertainty andmarket uncertainty. The focus of this work is on managerial flexibility and theimpact it has on investment decision. In this paper, a practical approach to in-corporate managerial flexibility into long-term resource development is out-lined. The proposed approach is effective, user-friendly and practical to be ap-plied by mining engineers in the real industry problems as it employs commonmining industry mine planning tools such as NPV Scheduler.

4:25 PMGlobal Optimization of Open Pit Mining Complexes UnderUncertainty

R. Goodfellow and R. Dimitrakopoulos; Mining and Materials Engineering, McGill University, Montreal, QC, CanadaGlobal asset optimization aims to simultaneously optimize mine productionschedules, destination policies and processing streams in order to maximize thevalue of a mineral resource supply chain. Conventional mine optimization ap-proaches are incapable of incorporating uncertainty and may lead to severe de-viations from production targets. Existing stochastic optimization models thatmanage risk in mine design and production scheduling are often oversimplified,thus limited to provide only a local optimum in terms of the mining complex as awhole. This presentation addresses the issue of global optimization of open pitmining complexes under uncertainty. The proposed framework permits extrac-tion decisions to be made simultaneously with material destination policies andprocessing stream decisions in order to maximize the value of the supply chain.The resulting framework is capable of modelling and efficiently optimizing overthe non-linear intricacies that are often present in large mining complexes. Anapplication of the method for a copper-gold deposit demonstrates a design thatmeets production targets, has a higher value and a larger ultimate pit than a conventional design.

MInInG & EXPLORATIOn:Technology: Automation in Mining I

2:00 PM • Monday, February 24chair: D. Rosenbach, atlas copco, commerce city, co

2:00 PMIntroductions

2:05 PMOvercoming Preconceptions to Ensure the SuccessfulDeployment of Autonomous Haulage

J. Humphrey; Caterpillar, Decatur, ILIn 2011, the author deployed the first autonomous haulage system in NorthAmerica and has been working to deploy systems in Australia. One of the keydrivers for autonomy is the desire to improve safety in mining operations. Thedeployment of this technology has involved multiple challenges addressing reg-ulatory, process and policy concerns. Autonomous operations will challenge ex-isting operations that have oft times strongly embedded concepts of how vari-ous rules should be applied. Overcoming some of our safety preconceptions isleveraging to the successful deployment of this technology and the author willdiscuss real world examples and solutions that ensured the success of currentoperations.

2:25 PMPerformance Evaluation of Semi and Fully AutomatedInstallation Procedures for Improved Self-drilling FrictionStabilizers

W. Dolsak1 and D. Glantschnegg2; 1DSI Underground Systems Inc.,West Jordan, UT and 2DYWIDAG-Systems International GmbH,Pasching, AustriaSelf-drilling rock bolts have continuously been introduced to underground min-ing operations since the 1980’s. Currently, several different types of single-stepbolting systems are available featuring a fast, safe, and reliable installation pro-cedure. Alongside with the extension of the application range and the increasingdemand on the load-bearing characteristics, the successful development and in-troduction of improved self-drilling friction stabilizers was accomplished abouta decade ago. In addition to the achieved time savings, the self-drilling installa-tion procedure caused the introduction of a semi-automated or even automatedinstallation process. Key issues for a successful implementation of this processare a functional interconnection between the rock bolt and the associateddrilling machinery as well as the integration of automated routines into estab-lished drilling and ground control procedures. The aim of this paper is to de-scribe the practical implementation of a semi-automated installation procedureand continuative design as well as the construction of an attachment unit for theinstallation of improved self-drilling friction stabilizers.

2:45 PMLooking to the Future: Enhanced Productivity and Safety withthe Hitachi Group 3-phase Approach to Automation

S. Wheeler; Wenco Mining Systems, Richmond, BC, CanadaUnderstanding and capitalizing on technology as a driver for enhanced safety atyour operation Examining increases in productivity you could expect throughenhanced functionality Assessing the long term optimization goal: AnAutonomous Haulage System

3:05 PMMaximization of Productivity of Autonomous Trackless Loadingand Haulage Equipment in Underground Metal Mines – A Challenging Task

J. Paraszczak; Mining, Metall., Mat. Engrg., Laval University, Quebec,QC, CanadaApplication of teleoperated and automated (or “autonomous”) mobile equip-ment in underground metal mines is a promising avenue for overcoming someof the challenges facing mine operators. These include, but are not limited to, theissues related to safety and health of underground workers, better use of theshift time leading to increased productivity, skilled manpower shortages, andremoteness of mine sites. Autonomous load-haul-dump machines and trucks

This is the Technical Program as of September 15, 2013. IT IS SUBJECT TO CHANGE. Please see the Onsite Program for final details.

TECHNICAL PROGRAMoffer undoubtedly several benefits over man-operated ones, but their use attheir full capacity is a challenging and complex task. This paper makes anoverview of commercially available equipment and systems and their applica-tions. It examines factors affecting adversely availability, utilization, and pro-duction rate of autonomous vehicles and compares them to conventional man-operated machines. Technical and operational aspects are discussed and theircriticality is analyzed. It is stressed that due to a scarcity of publicly available information on the performance and cost of autonomous loading and haulageoperations, a more in-depth analysis is needed. The paper concludes with recommendations and directions for future research.

3:25 PMDeep Sea Mining: An IHC Merwede Perspective

R. Norman; IHC Merwede, Sliedrecht, NetherlandsWith the shortage of land based mineral supplies, political instability in tradi-tional mining countries and the worldwide interest in deep sea mining, IHCmade a strategic decision to enter this new market. To focus its R&D efforts andconsiderable experience in alluvial dredge mining, a new division, IHC Mining,was formed to concentrate on the wet mining of commodities on shore, nearshore and the deep sea. Each commodity requires a unique mining approachdepending on the business case, water depth, sea states, seabed conditions,water currents, deposit grade, disposal of tailings, environmental impact miti-gation requirements, logistics and the effect on local communities. The presen-tation will start with a brief overview of alluvial mining, minerals targeted andfound in the sea, the mine life cycle and a case study of technology developedfor the offshore mining of diamonds from the continental shelf. The link be-tween the technology developed for the offshore mining of diamonds and thatrequired for the deeper commodities will be explained, and the ongoing re-search into the technology and environmental engineering required to build asustainable deep sea mining operation.

MInInG & EXPLORATIOn:Technology: Underground Mining Projects and

Innovation I2:00 PM • Monday, February 24

chair: A. nieto, Penn State university, university Park, Pa

2:00 PMIntroductions

2:05 PMA Mathematical Model for the Optimization and RiskManagement of Preproduction Mine Development Rates in aBlock Caving Mining Project

J. Botin, A. Campbell and R. Guzman; Ingenieria de Mineria, PontificiaUniversidad Catolica de Chile, Santiago, ChileBlock Caving mining projects require a very long preproduction developmentperiods for development drifting and infrastructure construction. Any delay inproduction start-up due to lower than expected development rates, may have adisastrous impact on the financial performance of the project. This paper de-scribes a mathematical model and tools to quantify the financial risk associatedto preproduction development rates and to estimate the additional equipmentand resources which would be required in a risk-free scenario. The model wasvalidated using as a case study the Chuquicamata Underground Mine Project.

2:25 PMA Methodological Model to Manage Financial Risk Associated toUncertainty on Rock Mass Caveability and Ore Fragmentation inthe Design of Block Caving Mining Methods

R. Guzman, F. Sanchez and J. Botin; Ingenieria de Mineria, PontificiaUniversidad Catolica de Chile, Santiago, ChileMining projects are subject to significant financial risks derived from uncer-tainty in intrinsic project parameters. In block caving mining projects, blockcaveability and ore fragmentation at draw points are the two most critical riskparameters in the design and engineering of the mining process. This paper de-scribes a methodological model aiming to quantify the financial risk associatedto each of these two parameters. Furthermore, the applicability of the proposedmodel has been validated using as a case study the Chuquicamata UndergroundMine Project. The case study investigation concluded that there is a reasonable

level of confidence that the caving will proceed as planned. For ore fragmenta-tion it was determined that there is a significant economic risk, which is relatedto the uncertainty in the percentage of oversized muck and its effect on produc-tivity. This paper presents the results of the MPRM (Mine Porject RiskManagement) research program, a long term research program aiming to de-velop quantitative risk management models associated to the mining invest-ment decisions processes.

2:45 PMA Conditional Simulation Model to Quantify Financial FiskAssociated to Uncertainty on the Grade of Ore ReservesInventory

J. Botin, R. Guzman and F. Valenzuela; Ingenieria de Mineria, Pontificia Universidad Catolica de Chile, Santiago, ChileTraditional methodologies for evaluation of financial risk do not provide theanalysis of risk sources which would be required for risk management. Mininginvestment decision for large mining projects implies an enormous financial riskand therefore, requires a more complex risk evaluation methodology taking intoaccount all sources of uncertainty from each process in the project value chain.Generally, the main source of risk comes from the orebody and the ore resourceevaluation methodology, which comprises several processes with many sourcesof uncertainty which must be evaluated. In the first part of this paper, the risksassociated to the orebody evaluation procedure are characterized. In the secondpart, conditional simulation is applied to develop a risk management model toquantify and to manage financial risk associated to uncertainty on the grade ofthe orebody. The model was validated in case study on a real porphyry copperorebody in Chile.

3:05 PMThrough-The-Earth Communications Testing at the CSM EdgarExperimental Mine

J. Brune1, B. Goertz1, A. Stein2 and M. Roper2; 1Colorado School ofMines, Golden, CO and 2Vital Alert Communications, Inc., Thornhill,ON, CanadaSince 2006, four major mine fire and explosion disasters have caused a total of48 fatalities and have demonstrated the importance of post-disaster communi-cations between miners underground and rescuers at the surface. The 2006MINER Act mandates the installation of communication and tracking systems inall mines. These systems must be designed to “survive” a disaster event such asan explosion, fire, inundation or major rock fall. Through-The-Earth (TTE) mineemergency communications systems are particularly attractive since they donot require cabling or other signal propagation infrastructure between under-ground locations and the surface. The Vital Alert Canary® system used at theCSM Edgar Experimental Mine in Idaho Springs, CO only requires setting up amobile underground transmitter/receiver station for miners to communicatewith the surface. Such communication stations could be provided at each miningsection. Researchers from Vital Alert and CSM have tested the Canary® systemunder a variety of conditions with two-way voice and data communications inhorizontal and vertical settings. Text messaging was verified to a distance ofmore than 500 m.

3:25 PMComparative Analysis of Lead Acid, Lithium Ion, and SodiumMetal Halide Batteries for Underground Mining Vehicles

R. Schatz, A. Nieto, C. Dogruoz and S. Lvov; Energy and Mineral Engineering, Pennsylvania State University, State College PA, PASodium metal halide (NaMx) batteries’ performance and longevity are compara-ble to that of lithium ion batteries yet require less capital. NaMx technology hasbeen tested globally for several industrial applications to date. In undergroundcoal mining, locomotives, load-haul-dump (LHD), as well as continuous minersare the most common equipment used in room and pillar and longwall miningmethods to advance and prepare the mining site for coal extraction. Longwallequipment such as shearers, conveyors, and mechanized shields, used to exca-vate the coal and for roof support, are engineered for those specific conditionsfound in longwall mining methods. In this study, mining vehicles is analyzed fordurability and resilience, incorporating three common battery types, lead acid,lithium ion, and sodium metal halide, to replace either diesel generators orpower cables. The technology comparison and our analysis have shown that lo-comotives and LHD vehicles could be adapted. Continuous miners and longwallequipment, however, require too much energy to convert. Also, NaMx batterieswere found to be the most durable while being comparable to the electrochemi-cal resilience of Li-ion batteries.

This is the Technical Program as of September 15, 2013. IT IS SUBJECT TO CHANGE. Please see the Onsite Program for final details.

TECHNICAL PROGRAM3:45 PMDevelopment of a Data Acquisition Scheme for the Key Figures ofthe Operation of the new Mobile Tunnel Miner Technology inAustralia

A. Dietze and H. Mischo; Department of Mining Engineering, Chair forUnderground Mining Methods, Technical University BergakademieFreiberg, Freiberg, GermanyAker Wirth, together with one of the world`s largest mining companies, devel-oped the Mobile Tunnel Miner (MTM), specially designed for fast and efficientmine development in medium-strength and hard rock, e.g. at the productionlevel at block caving mines. The machine concept combines the hard rock cuttingcapabilities of a tunnel boring machine with the flexibility of a roadheader. TheChair Underground Mining Methods of the TU BA Freiberg is entrusted with atechnical and scientific research project concerning the first onset of the newMTM technology. Intention is it to develop a technical-economic assessment andplanning system. Part of this assessment system is the evaluation of the key fig-ures for the mechanical drift driving of the MTM 6 in Australia’s ore mining inNorthparkes. Therefore a data acquisition scheme shall be developed as founda-tion for further analyses. After a brief presentation of the MTM technology, thispaper focuses on the selection of variables to be tested, their assigment to theassessment system as well as methods to gain the requested information in acompilation of test series.

4:05 PMnew Gold’s new Afton Mine: The World’s newest Block Cave

S. Masse, F. Prince and K. Keskimaki; Mine Operations, New Gold Inc.,Kamloops, BC, CanadaNew Gold’s New Afton mine, located 8 km west of Kamloops, British Columbia, isan 11,000 tonne per day block cave mine, making it the highest tonnage under-ground hard rock mine in Canada. The reserve is estimated at 52.5Mt withgrades of 0.65g/t Au and 0.93% Cu (2012). The orebody is about 900m long and150m wide, making it the narrowest and one of the smallest block caves in theworld; the extraction level is 600m below surface. The unique pre-undercut uti-lizes a V-shaped pattern where undercut rings connect to apex drifts locatedover the major apex. Drawbells are developed using a single 30” slot and a singleblast; to date have developed over 70 drawbells in 24 months. New Afton usesexceptional ground support with shotcrete installed in-cycle, followed by me-chanical ground support. Nameplate production was achieved in July 2012 andfull production was achieved ahead of schedule in Sept 2012. The mine has ex-tensive cave monitoring including TDRs, microseismic and subsidence monitor-ing. The cave breached to surface in the second quarter of 2013. New Afton isstriving for increased production, exploring for more resources and the mill isreviewing potential expansion options.

nORA Mining Research Agenda: Achievements and Works in Progress

2:00 PM • Monday, February 24chairs: L. Saperstein, Missouri university of Science and

Technology, nantucket, Ma M. Jenkins

2:00 PMIntroductions

2:05 PMThe Alpha Foundation and the nORA Mining Agenda

K. Heasley; Mining Engineering, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WVThe Alpha Foundation was created in April 2012 with a mission “to improvemine health and safety through funding research and development projects byqualified academic institutions and other not-for-profit organizations” using the$48 million dollars provided by Alpha Natural Resources, Inc. The CDC’sNational Occupational Research Agenda (NORA) established a Mining SectorCouncil in 2005 with a mission “…to produce a current and renewable strategicplan for the national research needs in mine safety and health…” Obviously,there are many areas were the Alpha Foundation and the NORA Mining SectorCouncil can complement and enhance each other’s efforts. This paper will pres-ent the current status of the Alpha Foundation, focusing on its stated research

priorities and recently funded projects, and how these priorities and projectsstrive to complement the CDC’s National Occupational Research Agenda (NORA)for mining.

2:25 PMA Review of Mine Explosion Prevention Best Practices andnecessary new Research in Light of the Upper Big BranchDisaster

J. Brune and B. Goertz; Colorado School of Mines, Golden, COThe disaster at the Upper Big Branch mine 2010 has demonstrated the destruc-tive violence of a coal dust explosion by killing 29 miners in the worst mining ac-cident the United States had experienced in almost 40 years. This research studyinvestigates and analyzes methods for the prevention of coal mine explosions.The report is focused on rock dusting, mine dust sampling and analysis,methane and mine ventilation monitoring, rock dust inspection procedures andvarious types of explosion barriers. It will compare the regulatory standardsand industry practices in the United States with those in other leading countries,including Australia, Germany, Great Britain and South Africa. The study willidentify the best practices for the prevention of methane and coal dust explosions and outline new research requirements to improve explosion safetyin underground coal mines.

2:45 PMRespiratory Disease in US Coal Miners

E. Storey and A. Laney; NIOSH, Morgantown, WVThe Federal Coal Mine Health and Safety Act established a health surveillanceprogram to assess coal miners for coal workers’ pneumoconiosis (CWP). Since1970, NIOSH has administered the Coal Workers’ Health Surveillance Program(CWHSP) where miners are offered periodic chest x-rays. Since passage of theMine Act, the prevalence of coal workers’ pneumoconiosis (CWP) declined from~30% in 1970–1974 to a low of ~3% in 1995–1999 with a subsequent increase.In the early 2000s NIOSH observed several aberrations in the frequency andseverity of radiographic abnormalities among underground coal miners includ-ing geographical clustering of respiratory disease and rapid progression of CWP.Cases of the most severe and fatal stage, progressive massive fibrosis (PMF),were identified in miners who began work after 1970. Factors associated withincreased prevalence and severity of CWP include small mine size, low coalseam height (<43”), and coal rank. Coal miners also have losses in lung function.Recent studies of surface coal miners have identified pneumoconiosis and PMF.Our findings demonstrate the importance of continued monitoring of respiratory disease in US coal miners.

3:05 PMThe Roles of Mine Atmospheric Monitoring Systems for CoalMine Safety

Y. Luo, C. Bise and M. Li; Dept of Mining Engineering, West VirginiaUniversity, Morgantown, WVMine fires, explosions, and spontaneous-combustion cases are serious safetythreats to underground coal mines. The United States, despite its status as an in-ternational leader in many fields of mining technology, is the only nation amongthe top four coal producing countries that does not mandate mine atmosphericmonitoring system (AMS) in its underground coal mines. Two common types ofAMS are the telemetric and the tube-bundle systems. The ability for a sensor-based telemetric AMS to obtain real-time concentrations of specified gasesmakes it suitable for monitoring the status of a mine ventilation system and fordetecting active fires. The precise and full gas composition data from a tube-bundle system are the critical information for finding hidden spontaneous com-bustion events, determining status of mine fire and the explosibility of mine air.The paper presents case histories in which tube-bundle data were used in thecritical decision-making process for sealing and reopening longwall mines im-pacted with thermal events. It shows the enormous benefits to have tube-bundleAMS. A pressing need is also justified for a software expert system to be added tothe hardware.

3:25 PMStatus of Communication and Tracking Technologies inUnderground Coal Mines

A. Douglas and T. Novak; Mining Engineering, University of Kentucky,Lexington, KYIn 2006, Congress passed the MINER Act requiring mine operators to submit anemergency response plan that included post-accident communications andtracking systems to MSHA within three years of the Act. These systems were

This is the Technical Program as of September 15, 2013. IT IS SUBJECT TO CHANGE. Please see the Onsite Program for final details.

TECHNICAL PROGRAMrequired to be designed for maximum survivability after a catastrophic event,such as a fire or explosion, and to be permissible (meets MSHA criteria for ex-plosion-proof). At that time, no commercially available systems existed that metthese standards. Several companies undertook developing new, or enhancingexisting, technologies to meet these requirements. This paper presents the re-sults of a study that was conducted to determine the present-day types of sys-tems being used, along with their implementation in a production environment.A database of over 500 underground coal mines was developed and analyzed tobetter understand how this new technology is being utilized. Mines are catego-rized based on their average annual worker hours, coal production, number ofmechanized mining units, and type of communications and tracking systems installed. Furthermore, 10 mines were visited to obtain detailed information related to the various technologies.

3:45 PMManagement Systems: An Overdue nORA Objective and Intervention

T. Hethmon; Mining Engineering, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UTThe 2009 re-establishment of the NORA Mining Sector Council led to an increasein the diversity of sector participants and their input. The objectives and sub-ob-jectives in the recently released National Mining Agenda reflect this expansion.This has led to the integration of broader non-industry-specific interventionsinto the Agenda, particularly in Objective 6. “Improve Mine Design, SystemsOperations, and Management Performance”. Specifically, the inclusion of safetyand health management systems represents a significant step forward in therecognition of tools that offer a potential increase in inherent, systematic safetybeyond the bounds of hazard-specific controls (i.e., “impacts”). Globally, risk-management-centered, safety and health management systems have become thepredominant strategy to minimize mining morbidity and mortality. This paperreviews the historical treatment of safety and health management systems inthe U.S. regulatory scheme and the U.S. mine safety research community; it givesthe importance, challenges, and opportunities in conducting characterizationand efficacy research associated with safety and health management systems.

SME: Mining and Our Community2:00 PM • Monday, February 24

chairs: B. Sussman, environmental Resources Management M. Korpi, newmont Mining corporation, elko, nV J. Render, environmental Resources Management Inc., Washington, Dc

2:00 PMIntroductions

2:05 PMAgent-based Modeling Framework for Community Acceptance ofMining Projects

M. Boateng1 and K. Awuah-Offei2; 1Mining and Nuclear Engineering,Missouri University of Science and Technology, Rolla, MO and 2Mining& Nuclear Engineering, Missouri University of Science & Technology,Rolla, MOThe local mining community, a key stakeholder, plays a major role in the sus-tainability of mining projects. The degree of community acceptance of a mine af-fects project sustainability and vice versa. Estimating the local community’s de-gree of acceptance, as a function of community demographics and minecharacteristics over the project life cycle, is complicated. Some work has beendone to understand the correlation between mine characteristics and the com-munity’s preferences for development using discrete choice theory. However,not much has been done to model dynamic local community acceptance over theproject life cycle. As a first step towards this goal, this paper presents a frame-work for modeling local community acceptance using agent-based modeling.This work relies on previous work to establish important variables and a dis-crete choice model, which is used to motivate the agent utility function. Samplesimulations are carried out using data from Ivanova and Rolfe (2011). This pro-posed framework, and future research to facilitate dynamic simulation, wouldenable investors and stakeholders to understand drivers of community acceptance early in project planning and design.

2:25 PMIdentifying Critical Factors That Influence CommunityAcceptance of Mining Projects

S. Que and K. Awuah-Offei; Mining Engineering, Missouri Universityof Sc & Tech, Rolla, MOVery little research has been done to quantitatively model the relationship be-tween project characteristics and community acceptance. Our current workaims to incorporate quantitative local community input into planning and man-agement of sustainable mines using discrete choice theory. This paper seeks toidentify key mine characteristics and demographic factors that influence indi-vidual acceptance of mining projects. A literature review was used to select 16mine characteristics and six demographics factors as important variables thatinfluence individual attitudes of mining. An online survey, with carefully se-lected respondents from mining and control communities, was conducted torank the importance of the selected mine characteristics to respondents. Thesurvey also asked for additional factors that influenced the respondents’ deci-sion to support a mining project. The result shows all 16 identified mine charac-teristics are important factors for respondents. This result will facilitate betterchoice experiment (survey) design for a discrete choice modeling. Such discretechoice models can provide a viable framework for data-driven community engagement and mine sustainability.

2:45 PMFinding Common Ground with Legacy SitesM. Korpi and D. Baker; Newmont Mining Corporation, Elko, NVThe Idarado Mining Co. once played an integral role in the local economies in theColorado high country. Its focus today is on developing sustainable communitypartnerships that will benefit the local communities. The goal has been to returnthe historic mining area to a sustainable condition, while preserving the historicmining legacy. The lessons learned provide for first-hand insight into how wecan close mines today, and how we can responsibily address environmental andcommunity issues, and ultimately, the concept of sustainable development.

3:05 PMSocial and Economic Impact Assessment – Going Beyond theRegulatory ContextR. Zuraff; Newmont Mining Corporation, Elko, NVAn overview of a Social and Economic Impact Assessment (SIA) for a proposedmine operation located in Nevada that was delivered to meet both regulatoryand company social standards. The SIA outlines several recommended actionsto mitigate impact on the economy, health and human services, and water re-source protection. The overview will reveal various recommendations on howto approach stakeholders early in the planning process; creating a win-win partnership to sustain the entire mine life-cycle.

3:25 PMEngagement During Exploration: Getting It Right from the BeginningM. Jeschke; Kennecott Exploration/Rio Tinto, Salt Lake City, UTConstructive and respectful engagement early in the mine life cycle has provento be key to setting the stage for project success. However, building positive re-lationships can be difficult when faced with communicating the uncertainty ofexploration outcomes and permitting and development timelines. Rio Tinto willshare its experiences working to develop effective engagement approaches dur-ing exploration in very different geographies and social contexts. Lessonslearned will highlight common elements that are crucial to all engagement, aswell as how to know when you need to change things up to manage unique situations and stakeholder relationships.

3:45 PMModern Communities in an Historic District: The Iron Range of MinnesotaA. Trippel; Environmental Resources Management Inc., St. Paul, MNThe Iron Range of Minnesota has experienced mining for generations, and isnow at the threshold of a renaissance in resource exploration and development.While some stakeholders see mining as an opportunity to expand industrial development and economic benefit, others see imminent threat to culture, traditions, and a natural resource based lifestyle on the northern lakes andwilderness areas. This presentation will explore how modern Minnesota is grappling with their industrial history and potentially, their future, and howcompanies will need to engage with this diversity as they move forward.

This is the Technical Program as of September 15, 2013. IT IS SUBJECT TO CHANGE. Please see the Onsite Program for final details.

TECHNICAL PROGRAM4:05 PMThe SDIMI Conferences and Milos + 10

D. Shields; Economics, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, COThe first International Conference on Sustainable Development Indicators in theMineral Industries (SDIMI 2003) was held on Milos, Greece. The objective was toassist the mining and minerals industries in their global transition to sustainablemining practices and to support the creation of sustainability criteria and indica-tors for mineral operations. The 6th SDIMI was again held on Milos in 2013. Overthis period the global discussion about minerals and sustainability has changed,reflecting greater understanding of the economic, social, and environmental im-pacts and contributions of mining, enhanced practices and reporting by industry,and the influence of changing market and political forces. We will describe thisevolution and present the 2013 Milos Declaration. The 2003 Declaration was astatement of the contribution the Mineral Professional Community to sustainabledevelopment. It was signed by professional societies from many countries on different continents, including SME. All of the original text remains relevant; additions have been made to reflect a changed world since 2003.

MInInG & EXPLORATIOn: Geology: Current Trends and Innovations in

Mineral Resource Estimation2:30 PM • Monday, February 24

chair: T. Wakefield, aMec, Reno, nV

2:30 PMIntroductions

2:35 PMThe Media Luna Gold-Copper-Silver Skarn Deposit, GuerreroState, Mexico

M. Hertel1, E. Orbock1, C. Puentes2 and G. Garcia2; 1AMEC, Reno, NVand 2Torex Gold Resources, Toronto, ON, CanadaThe Media Luna gold-copper-silver skarn deposit is located in Guerrero, Mexico,five kilometres southwest of Torex Gold Resources’ Morelos Gold Project. MediaLuna was discovered in 2012 by the Torex exploration team while prospectingthe land package surrounding its Morelos Gold Project. A total of 128 drill holeshave been completed at Media Luna over a strike length of approximately 1.85km and a width of 1 km. Gold-copper-silver mineralization is associated withskarn alteration (pyroxene-garnet-magnetite) and later sulfides, which devel-oped at the contact of granodiorite with marble. A maiden Inferred ResourceEstimate for Media Luna will be released in early Q4 2013.

2:55 PMA Comparison of Traditional Geostatistical Estimation Methodsto Implicit Modelling Methods

Z. Black; 3L Resources, Lakewood, COAs technology in the mining industry continues to evolve it is important to in-corporate what is considered industry “best practice”. Many mining softwarepackages have recently implemented implicit modelling functionality capable ofrapidly modelling surfaces, grade and lithologic boundaries, faults, and veinswith Radial Basis Functions (RBFs). Presented here is a study comparing the tra-ditional Geostatistical methods largely accepted as “best practice” to the implicitfunctionality being utilized by many large-market mining software packages.

3:15 PMThe Discovery of the Media Luna Gold-Copper-Silver SkarnDeposit, Guerrero State, Mexico

B. Suchomel1, S. Bussey1, B. Margeson1, A. Kakarieka2 and C. Puentes2;1Western Mining Services, Centennial, CO and 2Torex Gold Resources,Toronto, ON, CanadaThe Media Luna gold-copper-silver deposit is located 180 km southwest ofMexico City in the center of the emerging Guerrero Gold Belt. It was discoveredby Torex Gold in March, 2012, as part of a district exploration program aroundTorex’ Morelos gold project. Media Luna is a blind, skarn-hosted deposit occur-ring beneath roughly 500 meters of mostly barren sedimentary rocks. Gold, cop-per and silver are hosted in retrograde altered pyroxene-garnet-magnetite

skarn developed at the contact between granodiorite and marble. Sulfidation ofskarn assemblages is closely related to retrograde alteration. Dominant sulfidesare pyrrhotite and chalcopyrite with lesser arsenopyrite and pyrite.

3:35 PMSimulation in Resource Estimation: A Case Study

R. Cooper; Newmont Mining Corporation, Denver, COSimulation is becoming routine for the evaluation of parameters such as drill-hole spacing and for specific types of variables unsuited to estimation tech-niques. Questions arise as to the maintenance of the relationships between vari-ables in this process. While desirable and possible, the maintenance of theserelationships involves considerable effort and often the use of non-commercialsoftware. In this practical case study using operational data both correlated anduncorrelated simulations are completed. The different process, pitfalls and results are discussed and compared.

MInERAL & METALLURGICAL PROCESSInG:Water in Mineral Processing:

Keynote and Reception5:00 PM • Monday, February 24 • Hilton Hotel

chairs: J. Drelich, Michigan Technological university, houghton, MI S. Benowitz, Water engineering Technologies, Inc., bozeman, MT

5:00 PMIntroductions

5:05 PMThe True Cost of Water in Mining

L. Russell; Coeur Mining, Coeur d’Alene, IDMine feasibility studies can underestimate by a wide margin the true cost ofwater to the operation. In considering waters full cost, the industry is now goingbeyond its procurement, treatment, recycling and management. Full costswould also reflect potential direct, indirect and inferred water impacts, increas-ingly stringent water quality standards and need for advanced water treatment,closure and post-closure water engineering controls and monitoring, as well aspotential for perpetual financial assurance as a result of water quality concerns.These aspects, among others, frame a mines social license to operate as well asthe true cost of water to a mine operation. Such concerns have also led to in-creasing regulatory scrutiny and community activism to delay or stop mineprojects, seen regulatory permit withdrawals and preemptive permitting water-shed assessments, and mine permitting cases landing in the US Supreme Court.This presentation will consider a broad scope of water costs by mine life cyclestage that can increase full cost operating expense, and can impact, delay oreven stop a mining project.

5:35 PMInnovations and Challenges in Solid-Liquid Separation andWater Treatment in the Mining Industry

R. Dunne; Newmont Mining Corporation, Englewood, COTraditionally water for the mining industry water has come from rivers or un-derground aquifers, however now many sources are unable to sustain currentproduction needs or expansions to cater for lower grade ores. It is predicted thatmining companies will spend around $12 billion on water infrastructure in2013 and water-related infrastructure now accounts for some 10 percent ofmining capital costs and is growing. Furthermore the readily accessible ore de-posits have already been mined with new projects are in remote and inhos-pitable regions of the world such as the deserts of Southern Africa or high in theAndes mountains.To address the water challenge mining companies have had tofocus on maximizing water recycle and consider more expensive options likeseawater desalination and sewage treatment plants to obtain water for theirneeds and also for the communities around them. The developments in theseareas will be discussed including progress made to decrease water usage, in-crease recycle water and the installation of the new mega size multibillion dollarreverse osmosis desalination plants around the world.

This is the Technical Program as of September 15, 2013. IT IS SUBJECT TO CHANGE. Please see the Onsite Program for final details.

TECHNICAL PROGRAMTuesday, February 25 Morning

MInERAL & METALLURGICAL PROCESSInG:Water In Minerals Processing 1: Water Quality

8:00 AM • Tuesday, February 25chairs: D. Lelinski, FLSmidth, Midvale, uT

M. Free, university of utah, Salt Lake city, uT

8:00 AMIntroductions

8:05 AMCorrosion Control During Sea Water Pumping in Mild Steel Pipelines

D. Zim1, J. Gill2, M. Paschoalino1 and D. Guimarães1; 1Research & Development, Ecolab, Campinas, Brazil and 2Research & Development, Ecolab, Naperville, ILMining activity is a high water demanding enterprise. One of difficulties found inmany regions is shortage of water supply. In order to overcome this difficultsome mining companies proposed to transport the water from the ocean up tothe mining sites. The objective of this study is to develop a proper water treat-ment able to minimize any corrosion issue during seawater pumping in mildsteel pipelines. This treatment should present advantages over the use of con-ventional oxygen scavenger such as the relief of necessity to construct and oper-ate degasification facilities at each pumping station. Corrosion studies were car-ried out using electrochemical techniques, weight loss balance as wellmicroscopy surface analysis in order to guarantee the treatment efficiencyagainst generalized and localized corrosion (pitting). The right dosage of corro-sion inhibitors may vary according to water composition and characteristics ofeach system. Corrosion rates as low as 4.0 mpy and absence of pitting wereachieved in aerated seawater at room temperature using the right dosage of corrosion inhibitors at controlled pH.

8:25 AMRemoval of Metals and Other Constituents from Mining Water

K. McHale; Blue Water Technologies, Hayden, IDMining operations use millions of gallons of water per day, which is usedthroughout the entire mining operation. Whether the site is water positive ornegative, constituents start to concentrate due to the reuse/recycle process. Thiswater may not be treated as needed and dissolved constituents may start to in-terfere with the chemical processes used in leaching, refining and recovery.Selenium, zinc, arsenic, mercury, fluoride, copper, molybdenum, even gold andsilver can end up as dissolved constituents in the mine reuse water and start ef-fecting the chemistry of the mining process. A review of the available technolo-gies proposed for metals removal will show that adsorption rather than coagula-tion and filtration technology will remove constituents from the reuse water tovery low levels and they will no longer interfere with the mining process.Depending on what is being removed, this waste can either be processed andsold (metals) or wasted to tailings.

8:45 AMAqueous Ions in Process Water and Cake Moisture During IronOre Filtration

H. Haselhuhn and S. Kawatra; Chemical Engineering, Michigan Technological University, Houghton, MIIn selective flocculation and dispersion iron ore beneficiation plants, aqueousions from the process water concentrate within the filter cake moisture. Thesehigh concentrations of ions can lead to operational issues during downstreamprocesses. This paper examines the ionic content of iron ore slurry before it wasfiltered at an operating hematite beneficiation plant and compared it to the ioniccontent of the moisture in the resultant filter cake. Water analyses were con-ducted to determine the sodium, potassium, calcium, magnesium, fluoride, chlo-ride, nitrate, nitrite, carbonate, sulfate, and phosphate concentrations in both thefilter feed slurry and filter cake moisture. Results have shown that all tested ionswithin the process are more concentrated within the filter cake moisture than inthe filter feed slurry. This has been attributed to the physical and chemical inter-actions of these ions with the iron ore particle surfaces. Of these ions, phospho-rus concentrates the most with the filter cake moisture content having a phosphorus content that is 24.67 times that of the filter feed slurry.

9:05 AMUse of a Flow Injection Gas Diffusion Amperometric DetectionOn-line Cyanide Analyzer for Control of Cyanide LeachingSolutions

W. Lipps; OI Analytical, College Station, TXGas diffusion amperometric methods for the detection of cyanide are capable ofaccurate determination of WAD cyanide in complex matrices. The gas diffusionamperometric technique is the same as described in OIA-1677, a laboratorymethod that is often used to verify the calibration of existing on-line cyanide an-alyzers. Transferring the same technique to the on-line process controller elimi-nates a need for external verification with laboratory analyzers. Of course fil-tered solution must be supplied. This presentation describes a new on-linecyanide analyzer and slurry filter that can be used for process control of leaching or detox solutions.

9:25 AMMechanism Study of the Impact of Water-borne Bacteria onFlotation

W. Liu; University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, CanadaBacteria-laden water is being increasingly accessed by the minerals industry asan alternative water source to save freshwater. Water-borne bacteria have beenshown to negatively affect the efficiency of froth flotation when using a represen-tative system consisting of E. coli as the model bacterium and chalcopyrite as themodel mineral. This study conducted a systematic investigation into the mecha-nism by which bacteria affect flotation efficiency using fluorescence microscopy,bubble attachment time measurements, and froth phase characteristics. E. colibacterial cells in solution were found to attach to chalcopyrite surfaces. In turn,the surface hydrophobicity of chalcopyrite particles decreased as the number ofthe attached bacterial cells increased. Reduction in surface hydrophobicity re-sulted in less mineral particles attaching to bubbles, leading to decreased frothstability, bubble coalescence rate and froth velocity. Slurry pH and Eh were alsoaffected by the presence of the bacterial cells. These changes were correlatedwith reductions in flotation recoveries. The results provide knowledge towardspossible solutions to the negative effect of water-borne bacteria.

COAL & EnERGy:Explosives and Rock Support9:00 AM • Tuesday, February 25

chairs: B. Lusk, university of Kentucky, Lexington, KY K. Perry, university of Kentucky, Lexington, KY

9:00 AMIntroductions

9:05 AMnOx Emission of Equipment and Blasting Agents in Surface Coal Mining

A. Lashgari2, C. Johnson1, V. Kecojevic2, B. Lusk1 and J. Hoffman1; 1Mining Engineering, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY and 2Mining Engineering, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WVSurface coal mining in the Appalachian region consumes a significant amount ofenergy in the form of diesel fuel and blasting agents. Emission of oxides of nitro-gen (NOx) from these sources represents an environmental challenge to the min-ing industry. This paper presents the results of research work related to determi-nation of NOx emission of mining equipment and blasting agents, which is part ofa broader industrial project conducted by the Appalachian Research Initiative forEnvironmental Research (ARIES). Data for this project are collected from an op-erating surface coal mine in West Virginia. The research work presented heremay be used by mining professionals to aid in quantifying NOx emission and determine strategies for reducing its overall environmental impact.

9:25 AMBlast-Induced Heave Modeling in Three-Dimensions

D. Preece and A. Tawadrous; Blasting Applications Americas/EMEA,Orica Mining Services, Watkins, COThe two key results of rock blasting are fragmentation and movement of geoma-terials. Movement/flow of the material is often referred to as heave. Blasting in-

This is the Technical Program as of September 15, 2013. IT IS SUBJECT TO CHANGE. Please see the Onsite Program for final details.

TECHNICAL PROGRAMduced heave can be predicted using numerical modeling and controlled withgood blast design. Uncontrolled rock movement during blasting is often referredto as “flyrock” and usually results from an imbalance of energy between explo-sive and rock. Good blast designs balance the explosive energy produced duringdetonation with what is necessary to break and move the rock. DMC-3D(Distinct Motion Code) and DMC-3D-UG were developed in three dimensions toaid blasters in predicting blasting-induced heave in surface coal, mineral and un-derground mines. An important modeling capability that has been developed istime-delay decking in the blasthole. This paper will focus on a number of exam-ples of three-dimensional blast modeling in both surface and underground envi-ronments. Some of these examples will include: 1) cast blasting, 2) STRAT-ABLAST™, 3) quarry blasting, 4) mineral mining with Ultra High IntensityBlasting (UHIB), and 5) underground single-level/single-shot drawbell blasting.

9:45 AMStope Collapse From the Surface

T. Worsey; Engineering, Newmont, Elko, NVThe mine site is currently mining through several underground workings on mul-tiple levels which follow no order, and come in all shapes and sizes. One of theproblematic underground working was a large stope, 200ft deep with varyingwidths. As per operational procedures the crown pillar thickness for a stope be-fore it becomes a no cross zone is 120 ft from the top of the bench. The bench cur-rently being mined was only 130 ft above the stope. To proceed with mining in asafe manner, the geotechnical recommendation was to reduce the amount of voidin the stope. At first, the idea of collapsing the stope and the underground work-ings was shunned due to the uncertainty of collapse, lack of experience, and oredilution. The first approach was to drill holes into the void and backfill the voidwith a stemming truck from the surface, but would result in a costly and slow op-eration. Due to the ore requirements for the mine where the stope was locatedmanagement requested a plan to accelerate mining through the stope. Collapsingthe stope was back on the table. The operation teamed up with underground toget the pattern design, drilling, and loading done for a successful collapse.

10:05 AMInteraction and Confinement Effect Between Steel Square/ArchSet and Surrounding Rocks At Slope Bottom Intersections

J. Stankus, X. Li and L. Ma; Keystone Mining Services, LLC, Pittsburgh, PAHow to identify the loads on a square/arch set is a complicated issue in design-ing the square/arch set in an intersection/entry. From an engineering perspec-tive, understanding the nature and support mechanism of standing support suchas a square/arch set can not only help design the support structure to maintainthe roof stability, but save the steel materials and costs of manufacturing, labor,and delivery. Based on the design practices in recent years and successful appli-cations in slope bottom intersections, the authors are confident that the conceptof interaction effect between the steel square/arch set and surrounding rocks iscritical in designing a proper steel structure to support an intersection/entry.This paper will detail the design concept and its applications in several under-ground slope bottom intersection designs, reaching the goals of improving roofstability and reducing costs.

10:25 AMCemented Rock Fill Optimization and Validation in a UnderhandCut and Fill Mine

W. Robertson; Barrick Gold N.A., Cresent Valley, NVCurrently the only mining method at Barricks Cortez Hills Underground mine(CHUG) in Northeastern Nevada is underhand cut and fill using cemented rockfill (CRF). In recent years, an optimization program was implemented to ensuremaximum production and minimize associated cost without sacrificing safety.Three main subjects discussed are: (1) CRF strength regarding drift dimensions,(2) binder content optimization, and (3) fly ash binder replacement study.

10:45 AMShear Strength of Cemented Paste Fill Under ConsolidatedUndrained and Consolidated Drained Conditions

H. Saw and E. Villaescusa; Western Australian School of Mines, Kalgoorlie, WA, AustraliaThe required mine fill strength is a function of the mining method, geometry oforebody and stope, and the possible failure modes. Failure modes include sliding,crushing, flexural and caving. Shear strength of mine fill is one of the importantparameters required for a proper design in mining with back fill system. An ex-perimental research was carried out to investigate the effective shear strength of

cemented paste fill (CPF) under consolidated undrained (CU) and consolidateddrained (CD) conditions with triaxial test. A total of 36 CPF specimens weretested for 2, 7 and 28 days curing. The effective shear strength in terms of cohesion and friction and stress-strain relationship are provided in this paper.

COAL & EnERGy:Research and Development I9:00 AM • Tuesday, February 25

chairs: M. Trevits, unIoSh, Pittsburgh, Pa H. Dougherty, nIoSh, Pittsburgh, Pa

9:00 AMIntroductions

9:05 AMConvergence in Underground Mining and the Development ofnew Monitoring Technology

W. Thomas, E. Westman and M. Karfakis; Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VAMonitoring convergence in underground mines has been practiced since the in-ception of the mining industry. Convergence is typically the first indication thatthere are stability issues within the roof of the mine. While some convergence isexpected within an excavation to account for the loss of material, it should becontrolled and eventually settle at an acceptable height based on the predeter-mined mine plans. When this is not the case, immediate attention to the failurearea is required. Despite the importance of these measurements, there has beenvery little technological advancement over the past few decades that wouldmake convergence information readily available to mine engineers. This lack ofnew technology warrants an effort to reevaluate and improve the systems cur-rently in use. The goal of this research is to develop a wireless system to collectconvergence data using improved extensometers.

9:25 AMEvaluation of a Dust Emission Model for Surface Mining Equipment

A. Lashgari and V. Kecojevic; Mining Engineering, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WVThe primary purpose of this study was to evaluate an already developed dustemission model related to mining equipment with a field measurement data ob-tained from an operating surface coal mine. Dust emission was determined atthree different accuracy levels: (i) preliminary evaluation level based on singlevalue emission factors from EPA, (ii) the EPA standard level, based on emissionfactor equations, and (iii) detailed level using direct measurements at the minesite. The Gaussian dust dispersion model used by EPA was discussed, and dustmeasurement procedures for the mining equipment at surface mine were described. The results show that two EPA dust emission levels significantly exceed the actual level from the studied mine.

9:45 AMAssessment of Sonic Waves and Tracer Gases as non-DestructiveTesting Methods to Evaluate the Condition and Integrity of In-Situ Underground Mine Seals

K. Brashear1, K. Luxbacher1, E. Westman1, C. Harwood1, B. Lusk2 andW. Weitzel2; 1Mining and Minerals Engineering, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA and 2Mining Engineering, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KYSince the MINER Act of 2006, the minimum static load of in-situ undergroundmine seals has been increased from 20 psi to either 50 psi if monitoring is con-ducted or 120 psi if left unmonitored. These minimum strength requirements inseals must be designed, built, and maintained throughout the lifetime of the seal.Due to this, it has become necessary to assess the effectiveness of non-destruc-tive testing (NDT) technologies to determine seal integrity, which, in this case,are explored using sonic waves and tracer gases. Through both small and largescale testing, two NDT methods will be evaluated for their abilities to determineintegrity of the seal. A sonic wave technique will be use alongside coda wave in-terferometry to observe a change in wave velocity to identify faults within theseal material. As a NDT method, tracer gases will be used as a potential indicatorof a connection between both sides of the seal material through a series of faults

This is the Technical Program as of September 15, 2013. IT IS SUBJECT TO CHANGE. Please see the Onsite Program for final details.

TECHNICAL PROGRAMand cracks within the material itself. This paper reviews the history of under-ground mine seals, and discusses the overall assessment of sonic waves andtracer gases to serve as NDT methods for estimating the integrity of these seals.

10:05 AMA Comprehensive Analysis of Cable Bolt AnchorageCharacteristics

T. Cook and D. Faulkner; JENNMAR, Pittsburgh, PACable bolts anchored with traditional two component polyester resin cartridgeshave successfully supported difficult roof conditions in underground mines.Resin cartridges provide a cost-effective cable bolt anchoring system with con-sistent anchorage performance characteristic when properly installed. The mostcommonly used cable bolts in the U.S. mining industry are 270 ksi (1,862 MPa),0.7 and 0.6 inch (18 and 15 mm), seven-strand smooth cable with resin mixingbulbs (also known as bird cages, and 40- and 30-ton nominal capacity, respec-tively. However, there are other types of cable bolt anchoring systems asidefrom bird cages. Keystone Mining Services, LLC (KMS), the affiliated engineeringcompany of Jenmar Corporation, conducted a variety of controlled tests devel-oped to closely model actual underground installations. These tests comparedthe performance of three commonly used cable bolt varieties, including plain,bird caged and indented seven-strand cable. The tests will determine theAnchorage capacity per linear length of encapsulation, Ability to effectively mixresin, off-axis capacity associated with angle bolting, and effects of over andunder mixing of resin.

10:25 AMGrout Flow Analysis and Modeling for Long Distance Pumping and Installation of J-Cribs as Standing Supports inUnderground Entries

J. Ma1, J. Stankus1, X. Wang3, A. Campoli2 and R. Wharton2; 1KeystoneMining Services LLC, Jennmar Corp, Pittsburgh, PA; 2JennChem LLC,Jennmar Corp, Pittsburgh, PA and 3Mining Engineering, West VirginiaUniversity, Morgantown, WVWidely used as a secondary support in underground mine, pumpable J-Crib fea-tures easy material handling, less labor, rapid installation, high support capacity,and reasonable yieldability. Over last a few years, the increased installation ofthe J-Crib in longwall entries have presented engineers some challenging ques-tions, such as determination of maximum pumping distance, flow rate, pipe size,etc. To assist pumping plan feasibility evaluation, KMS and JennChem performedlaboratory tests, conducted field measurement, and developed a grout flowanalysis model using the Darcy-Weisbach equation and Bernoulli’s principle.Computational fluid dynamics (CFD) model has also been developed to analyzethe turbulent flow of J-Crib grout in the pipeline. The models can be used to pre-dict maximum pumping distance, reasonable pipe size, grout flow rate, andpump/pipe pressure for any possible grout pumping scenarios, and have beensuccessfully utilized by JennChem and coal companies in the US. This paper willbrief J-Crib pumping system and field test data, detail the main concepts of themodel, and demonstrate its application in pumping plan feasibility evaluation ata coal mine.

COAL & EnERGy:Surface Mining Innovations9:00 AM • Tuesday, February 25

chair: M. Furniss, PbS coals, Inc., Friedens, Pa

9:00 AMIntroductions

9:05 AMAn Electric Drive System for the Largest Haul Truck in the WorldWalter Koellner and Dr. Joy Mazumdar

J. Mazumdar and W. Koellner; Siemens, Alpharetta, GAEver so often the question comes up whether “bigger is really better” when itcomes to Haul Trucks and Electric Rope Shovels. The conventional 2 axle, 6 tireHaul Trucks are limited by the load carrying capabilities of the tires which setthe maximum payload to 400 s.t. Recently Ultra Class Electric Rope Shovelshave been introduced which can carry 135 s.t. + payloads. So it was only a ques-tion of time for the next size Ultra Class Haul Truck to appear on the horizon.The waiting is over. In September 2013 Belaz introduced the largest Haul Truckin the World – weighing in at a staggering 500 s.t. of payload. This paper will

describe what went into the development of an electric drive system for thismonster and describe the sophisticated controls which are used to safely guidethis juggernaut.

9:25 AMWear Protection by novel High Performance PolyurethaneElastomers

M. Magerstaedt1, G. Blitz2, F. Backherms2, L. Lai3 and R. Lewis4;1ROSEN Group, Stans, Switzerland; 2ROPLAST GmbH, Lingen, Germany; 3ROSEN Canada Ltd., Calgary, AB, Canada and 4ROSEN USA Inc., Houston, TXDowntime is a major cost factor in mining operations . Abrasion of equipmentsurfaces is a frequent reason for down time. Current abrasion protection mate-rials include expensive tungsten carbide overlay, ceramics, and hardened steel.With High Performance Polyurethane Elastomers, a very high degree of abra-sion protection can be achieved. For wear parts and functional parts (e.g., ballmill lifters), these elastomers are cast into the desired geometrical shape. Forprotection of steel surfaces, these materials can be applied as coatings (e.g., pipecoating). Besides high abrasion and tear propagation resistance, these materialsexhibit a very high adhesion to steel. Also a very high barrier function againstliquids and gases provides excellent protection from erosion-corrosion.Experience from years of field testing of High Performance PolyurethaneElastomer steel coatings in oil sands tailings and slurry lines have proven theperformance of this material. Wear parts like ball mill lifters and hydrocycloneparts were field tested for years as well. Intelligent coatings and lifters that incorporate a wear monitoring system will be presented.

9:45 AMStreamlining Open-pit Operations with Automated EquipmentMonitoring

M. Baumann, N. Parnian, E. Chow, S. Quon and S. Tafazoli; MotionMetrics International Corp, Vancouver, BC, CanadaOperating and maintaining the heavy equipment used in open-pit mining opera-tions is an ongoing challenge for mines. Typical operations employ a combina-tion of shovels, wheel loaders, and haul trucks to excavate and transport the ma-terial for further processing. As this is the first point of contact for the materialafter blasting, it is often a bottleneck of all downstream processes, thus, equip-ment uptime and efficiency is crucial. Automated systems for bucket tooth mon-itoring, payload measurement, proximity detection, and rock fragmentationanalysis will be examined. The impact of these systems on operation safety, effi-ciency, and reliability, in real-world scenarios will be investigated. The processof managing all the above fleet of equipment in a mine can be streamlined byconnecting the equipment monitoring systems to a central server. Using the cen-tral server, the distribution of this information can be automated to ensure thatthe right people see the data in a timely manner, improving both proactive andreactive responses to threats to safety and productivity. Field data from variousdeployments around the globe will be explored in this presentation.

10:05 AMMoving to Zero Unplanned Downtime on Critical Conveyors

D. Nower; Emerson, Knoxville, TNTraditional vibration techniques fail to accurately and consistently identifyfaults at the slow speeds at which conveyors operate. The traditional techniquefor measuring vibration is to perform manual checks on an operating unit whichplaces workers in harm’s way. While manual data collection on conveyor drives,gears, and pulleys can identify some problems, the periodic nature of thesereadings can miss the telltale signs of degrading equipment health. To preventunplanned downtime and gather this information without periodically sendingtechnicians out to a conveyor, you need a combination of online, continuous vi-bration monitoring and wireless vibration transmitters. This paper will exploreconveyor solutions that reduce unplanned downtime and will provide examplesof global mining installations and business results.

10:25 AMRemote Monitoring of Surface Mining Equipment

T. Lampert; IronSyte Monitors, Bethel Park, PAIn this paper we will look at some of the applications for equipment monitoringtaking place in mine sites around the world. Production issues such as inefficienthaul road design that creates bottlenecks,fleet start and stop times, fleet size rel-ative to haul distance, reduced haul speeds because of poor road conditions orexcessive truck bunching at the load or dump can all be identified through fleetmonitoring systems. Remote monitoring of tire pressures, on board

This is the Technical Program as of September 15, 2013. IT IS SUBJECT TO CHANGE. Please see the Onsite Program for final details.

TECHNICAL PROGRAMdiagnostices, air filter restirction, oil condition sensors and various other func-tions are all possible with readily available sensors and telematics options tosimplify maintenance practices. Safety issues such as seat belt usage, emergencynotification of machine roll over, speed restriction compliance are just a few ofthe items that can be monitored as well.

10:45 AMnew Cross-Pit IPCC Concept for Surface Mines

M. Lurie and C. Brewka; Thyssenkrupp Robins, Greenwood Village, COThis presentation introduces a new IPCC concept for overburden and mineralhaulage in surface mines where there are straight benches running for a mile ormore, as in the case of many of the Powder River Basin coal mines. The system isdesigned around sets of identical, modestly-sized mobile bridges, and is suitedto handle up to eight overburden benches. The bridges transfer material fromfully-mobile crushers operating on any bench, directly across the pit to the cor-responding spoils level. The same equipment can be used interchangeably for ei-ther burden or coal haulage, with surprisingly attractive economics for coalhaulage. The configuration is compatible with coal operations and truck traffic,and incorporates a number of levels of redundancy. Because the system is de-signed for the same mine geometry as a truck-shovel operation, the concept istrialable on a smaller scale in a segment of an existing mine. Projected capitaland operating costs are both a step-change lower than for conventional around-the-pit shiftable conveyor systems. (US patents granted to ThyssenKruppRobins, international patents pending.)

COAL & EnERGy:Underground Mining Processes and Practices

9:00 AM • Tuesday, February 25chairs: G. Buchan, norwest corp., Denver, co

R. Wagner, PbS coals, Inc., Friedens, Pa

9:00 AMIntroductions

9:05 AMRetrospective Study of Room and Pillar Mining at the BeehiveMine, Emery County, Utah

W. Pariseau; Mining Engineering, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UTA study of coal pillar strength was done at the Beehive Mine during a three yearperiod, 1974–1977, in a cooperative effort involving the University of Utah,RE/SPEC, Inc., and the American Coal Company. Objective of the study was to as-sess effects of scale on coal pillar strength. Over 372 laboratory tests were doneon coal cylinders with length to diameter ratios from 0.5 to 2.0 and diametersfrom 2.5 cm (1 inch) to 30.5 cm (12 inches). Roof-floor convergence was meas-ured at 117 closure pins; stress measurements were made at 119 gauges in thevicinity of two study pillars in the Blind Canyon seam under about 360 m ofoverburden. Advances in computational technology since now allow for muchmore realistic three-dimensional analyses that allow for spatial variability instrata properties observed in the mine and measured statistically in the labora-tory, and joint effects as well. Advanced finite element analyses in retrospect illustrate the role of joints and variability or uncertainty in pillar response to retreat mining at the Beehive Mine.

9:25 AMUnderground Coal Mine Tracking and Communication SystemReliability and Availability Methodology

S. Schafrik1 and R. Wisniewski2; 1VA Tech, Blacksburg, VA and 2Reliability Information Analysis Center, Utica, NYEvery underground coal mine in the United States must deploy and operate awireless communication and tracking system. This paper addresses the reliabil-ity and availability of an installed tracking system and the communications in-frastructure that supports it. A particular interest is the requirements for thesystems to operate continuously without failure after a mine disaster for 96hours, and the requirements in the MINER Act for the tracking systems to be“calculated to be serviceable” and the communications systems “redundancy”.These requirements imply a certain reliability and availability. This paper

describes a quantitative way to assess these systems requirements, using thetools that are available and commonly used by the Reliability, Maintainability, &Availability community.

9:45 AMA Generalized Method for Calculating Pillar Cell Capacities forBoundary Element Modeling of Coal Mines

J. Johnson, J. Whyatt and M. Loken; NIOSH/OMSHR/SRL, Spokane, WAA wide variety of average pillar strength or load capacity equations have beenproposed for use in designing mine pillars throughout the world, many of whichwere reviewed by Hustrulid. Only one of these, the Bieniawski equation forsquare pillars and its modification for rectangular pillars, the Mark-Bieniawskiequation, is readily available for use in boundary elements models such as MUL-SIM and LaModel. In part, this is because it is one of the few equations for whichan equation for stress distribution at peak pillar load has been published. Thisequation is needed to estimate boundary element cell strengths within individ-ual pillars. This paper presents a general mathematical method whereby thestress distribution calculation can be derived from any pillar strength equation.The method is used to determine local stresses and boundary element cellstrengths for a variety of commonly used equations, including those by Holland-Gaddy and Maleki. This development improves the fidelity of modeling by allowing analysts to select pillar strength equations best suited to a particularcoal field.

10:05 AMExperimental Analysis of Failure Process of Laminated ShaleUnder Biaxial Stress Condition for Investigating the MechanismUnderlying “Cutter-roof” Failure in Coal Measure Rocks

S. Arora and B. Mishra; Mining Engineering, West Virginia University,Morgantown, WVCutter roof occurs mostly in laminated or bedded roof strata (shale, stackrocks,etc.). It is a compressional type of failure, believed to be caused by high horizon-tal in-situ stresses. The authors believe that the available literature concerningthis phenomenon does not contain any investigation into the mechanism under-lying the failure. Whether the laminations separate from themselves or the en-tire rockmass buckle under the in-situ stress condition is yet to be compre-hended. To answer these questions a biaxial compressive testing device wasdeveloped to simulate an actual mine loading condition on a cubic sample with aslot in it representing an entry. Further these tests were numerically modeledusing discontinuum mechanics based software and calibrated to obtain realisticstrength values. Normal and shear stiffness values of specimens were obtainedfrom direct shear test.

10:25 AMUtilization of Mining Safety Systems for Operational Statisticsand Mine Metrics

T. Michaud; Strata, Sandy Springs, GAThe MINER Act of 2006 required that all underground coal mines in the USA todeploy communication and tracking systems through out a mine. These trackingand communication systems were required to provide 200’ accuracy or better inall working areas of the mine. This paper presents how Jim Walter Resourceshas utilized the MINER Act communication and tracking infrastructure to alsotrack underground vehicles. The tracking data was then used to provide opera-tional and production teams with critical information about mine performance.The presentation will include a discussion of system architecture, the resultingdata, and improvements to mine efficiency and productivity.

10:45 AMStudy of Time Dependent Behavior of Immediate Coal Measure Rocks

P. Verma and B. Mishra; Mining Engineering, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WVThe stability of immediate roof is important for safe and efficient mining activi-ties. Since the immediate roof is under stressed conditions throughout its life, itstime dependent deformation cannot be neglected. Surprisingly, very little re-search has been conducted in this area. Moreover, there is no standard test pro-cedure developed by ISRM to perform time dependent experiments. This studyis one such step to identify the time effects in immediate coal measure rocks bydeveloping a testing methodology in unconfined and confined conditions.Experiments were performed on shale specimens under constant stress condi-tions using the proposed methodology. The results obtained from these short

This is the Technical Program as of September 15, 2013. IT IS SUBJECT TO CHANGE. Please see the Onsite Program for final details.

TECHNICAL PROGRAMterm tests indicate the development of creep strains which is capable of causingfailure. These tests also indicate an increase in creep rate with increase in stressconditions and a development of steady state after few hours of testing. Norton’spower law was used to generate input material properties. The results fromthese tests points out the need for further field verification and research towards understanding the time dependent deformation mechanism in underground coal mines.

11:05 AMStress Analysis of Bleeder Pillars in Underground Coal MinesUsing the LaModel Program

X. Tang and B. Mishra; Department of Mining Engineering, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WVBleeder pillars are essential for providing stable entries that will be used bymine personnel for travelling during post-mining activities. However, for thestability of the entry it is imperative that the bleeder pillars should remain stablethroughout the mine life. In order to evaluate the stability of bleeder pillars, thispaper discusses the development of vertical stresses in bleeder pillars under dif-ferent mining conditions. The displacement discontinuity program, LaModel,was used to determine the vertical stresses in bleeder pillars for single and mul-tiple panels in single seam. In addition, the vertical stresses in bleeder pillarswere analyzed by changing the overburden cover from shallow to deep. For mul-tiple seam mining, stress distributions in bleeder pillars were investigated withchanging interburden thickness. It was found that the width of the barrier pillarand advancing longwall face had significant influence on the development ofvertical stresses in the bleeder pillars. For multiple seam mining, both the over-burden thickness of upper seam and the interburden thickness significantly affected vertical stresses in bleeder pillars of lower seam.

11:25 AMVentilation Modeling of a Low Seam Coal Mine to OptimizeVentilation and Access an Additional Reserve

B. Ashley and D. Grelle; Engineering, Rosebud Mining Company, Kittanning, PAA mine ventilation model can be very useful for determining ways to optimize aventilation system. In 2007 at Rosebud Mining Company’s Tracy Lynne Mine, itwas decided to develop through a sandstone channel to access an isolated 6 mil-lion recoverable ton reserve (~8 years of mining). To mine this reserve, whichwas originally deemed inaccessible, ventilation shafts were anticipated to be re-quired. While leasing properties and permitting the shafts, numerous delays oc-curred. Therefore to maintain coal production, interim ventilation upgradeswere required. To determine the most beneficial upgrades, we collected fielddata and used prior ventilation survey experience to generate a model usingOhio Automation’s “ICAMPS MineVent” software. Based on model simulations,we concluded that the best upgrades included rehabilitating restricted entriesand replacing the main fan with a higher pressure fan. We also concluded themost economical shafts to be an 8 ft dia. return and a 4 ft dia. intake. From late2010 to mid-2012, all upgrades and shafts were implemented. Based on currentmodels, we anticipate that ventilation will not be the limiting factor for miningthe added reserve.

EnVIROnMEnTAL:Environmental Challenges of Uranium andnaturally Occurring Radioactive Material

(nORM) I9:00 AM • Tuesday, February 25

chair: D. Carpenter, aRcaDIS u.S., Inc., brighton, MI

9:00 AMIntroductions

9:05 AMUnderstanding the Mode of Formation of Selected US UraniumDeposit Types Aids in Predicting and Addressing ResultingEnvironmental Challenges

D. Carpenter; ARCADIS U.S., Inc., Brighton, MIThe majority of uranium historically mined within the United States was ex-tracted from three primary types of uranium deposits consisting of: Sandstone-Hosted Roll-Type; Grants Humic Acid-Type and; Colorado Plateau

Uranium/Vanadium Tabular-Type. A review of the currently accepted ore gene-sis models for each of these deposits will provide context for the ore and ganguephase elemental and mineralogical compositions of each ore deposit classifica-tion and be shown to assist in both predicting and resolving the environmentalchallenges formed after mine and milling operations have halted. Whereas, indi-vidual deposits within a given classification may have various degrees of differ-ences from others within that same class these differences will be shown to betypically far less than those present between deposits of differing classifications.The sulfide content and the distribution of sulfide mineralization relative to theore mineralization of these various types of deposits will be emphasized to aidin predicting acid mine drainage potential and the resulting mobilization of constituents of interest.

9:25 AMThe Geochemical Behavior and Environmental Significance ofUranium and Associated Co-constituents

M. Hay1, K. Campbell2, T. Gallegos3, J. Gillow4 and D. Carpenter5; 1ARCADIS U.S., Inc., Boulder, CO; 2U.S. Geological Survey, Boulder, CO;3U.S. Geological Survey, Reston, VA; 4ARCADIS U.S., Inc., HighlandsRanch, CO and 5ARCADIS U.S., Inc., Brighton, MIWhile modern mining practice has evolved toward strict controls to eliminatereleases outside of controlled areas, historic mining and processing of uraniumore has resulted in the release of uranium and associated constituents to the en-vironment. Co-constituents of interest may include metals and radionuclides(e.g., Ra, Mo, Se, Th, Cr, V), anions (sulfate, nitrate, chloride), and acidity or alka-linity, depending on the ore body, host rock, and mining/milling activities.Subsequent transport of uranium and co-constituents is highly dependent ongeochemical conditions; these include the site-specific geochemistry surround-ing a release, as well as the geochemical conditions imposed by historic min-ing/processing activities. Here we present an overview of the key geochemicalfactors controlling uranium fate and transport in the environment as it relates totypical mining, processing, and restoration activities. Controls on uranium mobility are then compared with the geochemical factors controlling co-con-stituent transport, which may be similar or starkly contrasted to those of uranium. Based on these geochemical controls, challenges and opportunities inrestoration will be discussed.

9:45 AMPreliminary Results of Pre-mining Baseline Studies at theCanyon Uranium Mine, Coconino County, Arizona

K. Walton-Day1, D. Naftz2, D. Bills3 and J. Hinck4; 1Colorado Water Science Center, U.S. Geological Survey, Denver, CO; 2Montana WaterScience Center, U.S. Geological Survey, Helena, MT; 3Arizona WaterScience Center, U.S. Geological Survey, Flagstaff, AZ and 4Columbia Environmental Research Center, U.S. Geological Survey,Columbia, MOConcerns about radionuclide contamination of southwestern water resourceshave re-emerged since the recent (2009) resumption of uranium mining nearthe Grand Canyon. The ability of resource managers to evaluate environmentalimpacts is limited because radionuclide and metal fate and transport in the localecosystem and biological exposure pathways are largely unknown. CanyonUranium Mine, located 10 kilometers south of Grand Canyon National Park, hasrecently resumed pre-mining development and represents a case study for fo-cused monitoring and research to address data and information gaps. At CanyonMine, the USGS is leading an interdisciplinary study of biologists, toxicologists,radioecologists, chemists, hydrologists, and resource managers to determinewhether concentrations of toxic trace elements and radiation levels are affectedby mining activities sufficient to pose increased risk to biota relative to baseline.This objective requires collection of sediment, vegetation, water, and biota samples representative of the local food web (1) before mining starts, (2) duringactive mining, and (3) after mine closure. Results of 2013 pre-mining baselinestudies will be presented.

10:05 AMUranium Contamination From the Mancos Shale

R. Bush1 and S. Morrison2; 1Department of Energy, Grand Junction, COand 2S. M. Stoller Corporation, Grand Junction, COThe Mancos Shale is exposed over an area of 3200 km2 in the western UnitedStates. Salts leached from the Mancos Shale cause elevated dissolved solids con-centrations in the Colorado River Basin. Selenium also may leach from theMancos in irrigated agricultural areas causing contamination of lakes andstreams. Less well known is that uranium is also leached from the Mancos Shale.We found uranium in Mancos groundwater seeps throughout much of its depositional basin at concentrations that exceeded the standard for former

This is the Technical Program as of September 15, 2013. IT IS SUBJECT TO CHANGE. Please see the Onsite Program for final details.

TECHNICAL PROGRAMuranium-milling sites. The activity ratio (AR) of 234U to 238U in the Mancosseepage is typically more than 1.5 and often more than 2, in contrast to AR val-ues of about 1.0 found in uranium ores and mill products. This large contrast inAR values can help distinguish naturally occurring uranium in Mancos Shalefrom uranium derived from former processing sites. Together with a statisticalanalysis of major ion concentrations and evidence from sulfur-34 and tritiumisotopes, it was concluded that contamination in seeps in an arroyo near thestudy site may be from Mancos Shale and not from the former milling operation.

10:25 AMResidual Solid-Phase Uranium Following In-situ Mining of aSandstone Uranium Deposit, Wyoming, USA

T. Gallegos1, K. Campbell2 and R. Zielinski3; 1U.S. Geological Survey,Reston, VA; 2U.S. Geological Survey, Boulder, CO and 3U.S. GeologicalSurvey, Denver, CODrill-core samples from a sandstone uranium (U) deposit in Wyoming were inves-tigated to determine the abundance and distribution of U following in-situ miningwith an oxygen/carbon dioxide-based solvent. Concentrations of U, collected fromseven depth intervals, ranged from 49.5 to 1,920 ppm. A composite sample con-taining 750 ppm U contained 58% U(VI) and 42% U(IV). Total C, S and P are in lowabundance in the overall bulk composition, but scanning electron microscopy in-dicated rare relict concentrations of high U (up to 1000 ppm) in spatial associationwith 1) P/Ca, 2) C/Ca, and 3) Fe/S (but not framboidal pyrite). Fission track analy-sis revealed lower but still elevated concentrations of U (ca. 10-100 ppm) in theclay/silica matrix and organic matter. Microbial community analysis showed a di-verse group of bacteria with enrichment of Fe- and S-oxidizing organisms and or-ganic carbon-degrading organisms in the center of newly oxidized and leached orebody compared to the fringes. In-situ recovery of U appears incomplete and U withmixed oxidation states remains within relatively impermeable organic matter andthe clay matrix, and in localized areas of residual ore-grade U.

10:45 AMRestoring Groundwater at Uranium In Situ Recovery Projects:Engineering a More Robust Solution

J. Spitzinger1, P. Moran1, S. Brown2 and J. Gillow1; 1Arcadis U.S., Inc.,Highlands Ranch, CO and 2Senes Consultants Limited, Englewood, COIn situ recovery of uranium alters the baseline groundwater geochemistry inorder to mobilize uranium. Aquifer restoration is often challenging, and primarilyrelies on groundwater sweep and/or reinjection of treated permeate. Greaterfocus should be placed on injection-based approaches (using existing infrastruc-ture) based on established engineering concepts used for in situ remediation ofgroundwater plumes. Shortened restoration timeframes will decrease the totalradon effluent from the facility and therefore reduce public exposures and dose,and reduce long-term costs. Injecting reactive chemicals (e.g., reductants or bios-timulants) requires sound design practices, O&M strategies to prevent fouling ofthe chemical delivery system and well network, and adaptive strategy adjust-ments. In addition, natural constraints that affect restoration such as aquifer struc-ture, groundwater velocity, and aquifer depth will be addressed. Best practicesfrom successful biostimulation strategies to minimize residual uranium, radium,oxoanions, and other trace elements will be discussed and case studies showinghow to avoid pitfalls related to injection of reactive chemicals will be provided.

EnVIROnMEnTAL:Mine Development and Permitting in

new Mexico, USA9:00 AM • Tuesday, February 25

chair: S. Raugust, TheMac Resources group, Ltd., copper Flat Mine, albuquerque, nM

9:00 AMIntroductions

9:05 AMComparisons Between Copper Flat Mine’s GeochemistryProgram and new Mexico State Regulatory Requirements

S. Raugust; THEMAC Resources Group, Ltd., Copper Flat Mine, Albuquerque, NMNew Mexico Copper Corporation (NMCC) is a wholly owned subsidiary ofTHEMAC Resources Group, Ltd. NMCC has been conducting exploration,

permitting, and engineering activities to support the development of the CopperFlat copper mine. Since 2010, NMCC has engaged in the geochemical characteri-zation of the mine’s potential to generate acid rock drainage (ARD). Under NewMexico Administrative Code (NMAC) 19.10.6, New Mining Operations, whichare administered by the New Mexico Mining and Minerals Division (MMD), de-tailed analysis may be required if the substrata is suspected of containing sub-stances that are likely to create ARD. Also under the New Mexico EnvironmentDepartment (NMED) Proposed Copper Rule as described, draft NMAC Title20.6.7, there is the requirement that all waste stored, deposited, or disposed ofat a copper mine facility shall be evaluated for its potential to generate acidand/or to release water contaminants at levels in excess of the standards ofNMAC 20.6.2.3103. This presentation describes NMCC’s geochemical character-ization and predictive modeling programs, which have been designed to meet orexceed the requirements of both the NMED and MMD.

9:25 AMAn Overview of Hard Rock Mine Permitting in new Mexico:Opportunities and Challenges

D. Ennis; New Mexico Mining and Minerals Division, Santa Fe, NMThe New Mexico Mining Act was enacted in 1993, thereby establishing specificrequirements for hard rock mines to obtain permits, meet certain performancecriteria, develop a reclamation plan, and provide financial assurance. Numerousnew exploration and small mines have been permitted since 1993, and numer-ous large mines applied for, and were granted, existing mine permits in 1993.However, a new large scale mine has yet to be successfully permitted in NewMexico. Industry appears confident that successful permitting opportunities re-main in New Mexico as evidenced by the submittal of five new large scale minepermit applications since 2009. These applications are currently at variousstages of review, depending on date of submittal, the public’s review, and the ne-cessity to coordinate with other state and federal agencies. This presentationprovides an overview of the New Mexico Mining Act regulations and the evolu-tion of MMD’s applicable guidance documents that summarize the permit requirements.

9:45 AMKey Factors for Developing Water Balance and WaterManagement Plans for Permitting Mines in new Mexico

S. Finch and M. Jones; John Shomaker & Associates, Albuquerque, NMWater (management and use) is the single most regulated issue for permittingmines in New Mexico. From baseline characterization to mine closure, surfacewater and groundwater are regulated by multiple agencies. There are severalsteps that help navigate through the mine permitting process in New Mexico: 1)develop a conceptual model that help define the project area, 2) quantify surfacewater and groundwater resources for the project area, 3) identify availablewater rights, 4) develop a water balance for the proposed mine plan, 5) developan integrated computational water management tool, 6) identify best manage-ment practices for minimizing hydrologic impacts, and 7) use the water man-agement tool to develop a water management plan and for quantify hydrologiceffects of the mining project. This stepwise approach should allow for streamlin-ing of the permitting process and help create a pathway that minimizes the costof permitting. The goal should be to create a long-lived, robust tool that can beperiodically updated and improved, and used to support all aspects and phasesof the project from mine planning to mine closure. The simpler the setup, themore robust the tool will be.

10:05 AMIt’s Much Harder to Permit a Mine Permit a Mine in new Mexico?

J. Velasquez; VEMSINC, Albuquerque, NMNew Mexico has the reputation of being not-business friendly, particularly whenit comes to the mining industry. All of us in the industry have heard the title ofmy presentation used as the reason why many companies shy away from proj-ects in New Mexico. In this presentation I will share some of my experiences andobservations in dealing with the regulatory environment in the state and putinto perspective the reality of tackling the licensing effort for a new mine in thisera. I have over 40 years of experience in dealing with the New Mexico and na-tional regulatory morass as well as much of the political reality of the environ-mental review processes that our industry has to deal with today. In the end Iwill endeavor to answer the question the title of my presentation poses and pro-vide some advice on how to manage the process. I have spent the last sevenyears permitting a new underground uranium mine in New Mexico forStrathmore Minerals Corp. for the Roca Honda mine located in the Grants uranium district.

This is the Technical Program as of September 15, 2013. IT IS SUBJECT TO CHANGE. Please see the Onsite Program for final details.

TECHNICAL PROGRAM10:25 AMBenchmarking new Mexico’s Permit Requirements for a newSurface Mine

L. Watson; Environmental Permitting, URS Group, Tucson, AZBenchmarking the New Mexico’s permit process for a new surface mine com-pares the permit processes of New Mexico, Minnesota, Utah, and Arizona. Thebenchmarking study investigates the differences between the four states duringthe permitting process by comparing the state agencies involved, coordinationrequirements between agencies during permitting, approval steps, and statespecific data requirements. Through process mapping the benchmarking studyfocuses on the requirements for each state during the permitting process for anew surface mine. Based on each state’s permitting requirements the benchmark study includes consultation and public involvement requirements.

10:45 AMnEPA Compliance as it Relates to Mine Permitting in new Mexico

D. Weston; Bohannan Huston, Albuquerque, NMThe presentation will be based on the process for establishing and completing asuccessful environmental process, in compliance with the NationalEnvironmental Policy Act (NEPA), for the development of a mining operation inNew Mexico. There will be an overview of the NEPA process and the compre-hensive collection of resource areas that must be evaluated for potential im-pacts. The presentation will be focused on the NEPA process as it relates to fed-eral lands. However, it will also touch base on the potential connection withother project-related triggers which may require a NEPA-compliance element totheir separate permitting process such as impacts to roadways, waterways, util-ities, easem*nts, and more. The presentation will also include discussion ontimelines, resource studies, technical reports, cooperating agencies, stakeholdercoordination, and public outreach. Examples will be provided on lessons learnedas well as suggestions on how to get the most value (short-term and long-term)from the often exhaustive effort which is required to complete the environmen-tal clearance process.

EnVIROnMEnTAL:Sustainable Closure and Beneficial Reuse

9:00 AM • Tuesday, February 25chairs: D. Anderson, aRcaDIS u.S., Inc., emeryville, ca

B. nielsen, Freeport-McMoRan copper and gold, Phoenix, aZ

9:00 AMIntroductions

9:05 AMEngaging Local Resources for Sustainable Rehabilitation in the north

D. Bush; ARCADIS U.S., Inc., Lakewood, COThe Farley Mine rehabilitation project in Lynn Lake, Manitoba presented uniquechallenges due to its immense scale, remote location, and limited availability oflocal personnel, equipment, and infrastructure resources. ARCADIS used a holis-tic approach to design and implement a comprehensive rehabilitation plan tominimize the use of imported products and create job opportunities for the localcommunity and Marcel Colomb First Nation. The Farley Mine was a nickel, cop-per & zinc mine which left 20 million tons of acid-generating mine tailings andwaste rock covering over one square mile adjacent to the Lynn River in the formof multiple tailings impoundments which significantly impacting water quality.ARCADIS developed a working conceptual model and rehabilitation plan that al-lowed early identification of local aggregate materials and supported develop-ment of a heavy equipment operation and health and safety training program tocreate new jobs and stimulate the local economy. It will be discussed how theplan succeeded to combine holistic water management and lake restoration, im-plementation by local staff, and supported the First Nations to leaving a lastingbenefit to the area.

9:25 AMUse of Contaminant Dispersion Modeling, Cost Assessment andStakeholder Engagement to Guide Sustainable Use of Resourcesfor Close-out of the Former Beaverlodge Lake Mine Site, Canada

C. Hamer1, B. Halbert1, M. Webster2 and H. Manolopoulos1; 1ARCADIS SENES Canada Inc., Richmond Hill, ON, Canada and2Cameco Corporation, Saskatoon, SK, CanadaAlthough mining activities ceased in the early 1980s, dissolved radium-226, se-lenium and uranium levels remain above background in the area surroundingthe former Beaverlodge Mine and Mill (Canada). In recent years work has beenundertaken to develop a final site clean-up strategy which would allow for ulti-mate close-out of the area. An assessment of the benefits and costs of a widerange of remedial strategies was undertaken to determine how to best use avail-able resources. The evaluation process involved consultation with a number ofstakeholder groups during a two-day remedial options workshop to better de-termine what each involved party viewed as a sustainable use of limited localmaterials and taxpayer money. Supporting information provided at the work-shop included results of contaminant dispersion modeling and evaluation of as-sociated risks (with and without implementation of remedial activities) as wellas screening level costs for each option. Overall the process highlighted reme-dial activities which were generally felt to be a good use of resources and identi-fied those which stakeholders felt were unjustified; the final remedial plan forthe site is based on this feedback.

9:45 AMMine Closure Cost Estimator: An Approach to Real-timeEstimation of Deterministic Costs for Mine Closure

N. Tripathi; Mining Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology,Kharagpur, Kharagpur, IndiaMining being a temporary land use, reclamation and sustainable use of postmining land has become essential in almost all countries. Mine closure activitiesare planned and executed during the operating life of the mine. However, manyof these operations get extended years after the closure. Thus mine closure re-lated liabilities need careful assessments and mine closure costs must be esti-mated and periodically adjusted considering the changes at the time of adjust-ments. Closure related costs are of two types, deterministic costs andprobabilistic costs. This paper deals with the basics of the estimation of deter-ministic costs based on real-time calculation approach. A computer code hasbeen developed that utilizes user input data to compute costs based on thesalient features of the mine and its operational characteristics. The developedapplication provides the user estimates of the periodical fund allocationsneeded for mine closure. This application is designed to work with data fromboth underground and opencast mines. Hence it deals with the issue of assign-ing a single closure cost estimate to the mine site experiencing normal or sud-den closure.

10:05 AMSuccessful Rehabilitation and Redevelopment of Canada’s EastCoast Coal Mines in Cape Breton, nova Scotia

G. Wiatzka1, R. McDonald2 and E. Chart1; 1ARCADIS SENES CanadaInc., Richmond Hill, ON, Canada and 2Enterprise Cape Breton Corporation (ECBC), Sydney, NS, CanadaFor more than 200 years, coal mining occurred on Canada’s east coast. Miningfrom a series of coal seams occurred at numerous locations and extended outunder the ocean. Villages and towns clustered in the immediate proximity ofthese operations. Given the extend of the surface and underground workings,and their interwoven nature and close proximity to homes closure plans weredeveloped that considered long term sustainable re-use of the lands associatedwith these sites. In total Cape Breton Development Corporation (CBDC - nowEnterprise Cape Breton Corporation) developed a Sustainable Closure Programthat was implemented for more than 700 land parcels exceeding 7,000 acres.The CBDC Closure Program assessed and remediated these properties and pro-vides for care and monitoring as appropriate while reducing the financial liabil-ities associated with remediation and long-term care and monitoring. Thispaper provides an overview of the closure program and example descriptions ofremedial works carried out at several of the sites which have been remediatedto allow for industrial and residential parkland criteria for ongoing use of thevarious communities.

This is the Technical Program as of September 15, 2013. IT IS SUBJECT TO CHANGE. Please see the Onsite Program for final details.

TECHNICAL PROGRAM10:25 AMSustainable Closure of Two Former Uranium Mines

L. Holder1, F. Shuri1 and B. Nielsen2; 1Golder Associates Inc., Redmond, WA and 2Freeport McMoRan Copper & Gold, Phoenix, AZThe White King / Lucky Lass CERCLA site consists of two former uranium minesin south-central Oregon. The remedy included consolidating two large miningoverburden stockpiles that contained low levels of radioactivity and heavy met-als by moving over 700,000 cubic yards of material and then capping the com-bined stockpile. An innovative armored cap design was used to minimize thestockpile footprint and thereby prevent disturbing existing wetlands. In addi-tion, the stockpile was designed to merge into the surrounding topography. Theremedy also included stream restoration and development of new wetlands. Thestream was returned to its pre-mining channel, with the addition of hydraulicfeatures to create new wetlands. The wetlands have greatly enhanced the ecological value of the remedy and the site.

10:45 AMMine Closure Performance Benchmarking

R. Furey and A. Watson; MWH, Broomfield, COAbstract Mine closure is increasingly an area of focus for regulators and commu-nities. This paper looks at a benchmarking study undertaken to document theperformance of mine closures that have been completed during the last5 to 15year period. The authors will identify closure approaches, design components,and maintenance strategies that have performed well based on the design crite-ria. Finally the authors will look at how these design criteria from the past meas-ure-up to today’s best practices. Benchmarking topics include: closure strate-gies, cover systems, geotechnical conditions, storm water management,impacted water management, operations and maintenance.

InDUSTRIAL MInERALS & AGGREGATES:Industrial Minerals and Aggregates

Health and Safety9:00 AM • Tuesday, February 25

chairs: E. Tarshizi, university of nevada, Reno, Reno, nV J. Zdunczyk, Plum creek Timber co Inc, athens, ga

9:00 AMIntroductions

9:05 AMThe Proper Implementation of the nSSGA Mineral Identificationand Management Guide for Mineral Site Assessments

D. Linder; RJ Lee Group Inc., Birmingham, ALThe NSSGA Mineral Identification and Management Guide dated August 28,2009 offers a reasonable, complete, and clear methodology to properly addressthe issue of NOA in any pit or quarry. This includes tools to determine the pres-ence or absence of asbestiform mineralogy, the mineralogical composition, andspatial distribution of its occurrence. Because of the high degree of regulationassociated with these mineral occurrences, the NSSGA guide also demonstrateshow a proper mineralogical site assessment should be accomplished for suspectoperations. The National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health recognizesthat “many questions and areas of confusion and scientific uncertainty remain”.A proper mineral site assessment, accomplished by a professional geologist, canprotect a company by deflecting false accusations which may be publishedand/or significantly reducing the exposure to very expensive testing and likelylitigation. With multiple aggregate mining companies addressing the issue ofNOA via the NSSGA guide, this demonstrates an earnest concern and interest inworker health, adhering to good business practices, and helping refute junk science with regard to NOA.

9:25 AMIf your Mine Site Hasn’t Injured Someone in a While, you Maynot Be Doing your Job

T. Boyce; Center for Behavioral Safety, LLC, San Carlos, CAZero injuries isn’t always what it’s made out to be. In fact, “zero” can lull a facil-ity in to a sense of complacency regarding the basic necessities of injury pre-vention. During this edgy, yet entertaining and informative talk, Dr. Boyce will

describe the downside of using traditional measures of safety such as injury-rate to evaluate safety success and also the perils of rewarding the absence ofinjuries as a measure of good performance. He will also introduce an alterna-tive approach that can be immediately implemented to test the true status ofyour safety culture. With this simple change, your facility can take a huge steptoward true prevention. As a result, “zero” becomes a meaningful reality, notjust a poster on the wall.

9:45 AMA View of a Start-Up Health and Safety Program

M. Klinepeter; Southern Ionics, Inc., Jacksonville, FLYou are entering the mining and mineral processing business and have nohealth and safety program defined specifically for mining compliance. Maybeyou are trying to improve a program that is not getting the results your companywants. Having a blank slate is a unique opportunity, so what are your goals andwhere do you begin? Most health and safety professionals are used to creatingor enhancing processes to meet regulatory standards which causes us to spendour time and energy preparing for compliance. Just as training is an investmentthat the company makes in its employees, building responsible social practicesis an investment in your culture that will set the table for compliance. An ap-proach that starts with people and the community, before construction beginsand the regulators show up, will build the type of foundation to secure a sustainable program.

10:05 AMHealth and Safety in the Mining Industry THInK

R. Johnson; Architecture Engineering, Monterey Peninsula College,Salt Lake City, GAStaying safe at work is simple. Stop and THINK about what you are doing. Takethe Time. Hazard Recognition Identify the Risk Necessary Controls applied Keepsafety FIRST Before we start, Let’s THINK! Today we are mining into a safe to-morrow. We will do it hundreds of places around the globe with thousands ofpeople who have a passion for safety and unmatched pride in our work. We havethe skills, talent, knowledge and the tools to be “Doing It Right”. We will do itwith an intense focus on Safe Production. We can achieve ZERO incidents if weStop and THINK.

10:25 AMMinerals of Concern in Aggregate: An Update on Silica and Fibers

M. Harper; EAB/HELD, NIOSH, Morgantown, WVMinerals of concern in aggregates include silica and fibers of asbestos and otherminerals, such as the zeolite mineral, erionite. Inhalation of airborne mineralparticles can lead to diseases such as silicosis, asbestosis, lung cancer andmesothelioma and it is necessary to safeguard the health of employees whomight be exposed. A component of worker protection is accurate characteriza-tion of exposures. The Exposure Assessment Branch of NIOSH is carrying out re-search projects to improve exposure characterization methodologies, includingsampling and analytical procedures. This presentation will provide an update ofresearch projects involving silica, chrysotile and amphibole asbestos and erion-ite. The information will be of use to those involved in worker health and safety.

10:45 AMAnother Aspect of Safety

F. Heivilin; HGPS LLC., Thomasville, GASafety programs include eliminating safe conditions from the worksite and un-safe acts, but often fail to reduce or eliminate unplanned outside events or con-ditions from distracting the workers focus on safe and productive work. Whatdid you do on September 11th to reconnect your employees’ focus on safe andproductive work? These distractions can be: 1. Workplace events, 2. Weather re-lated, 3. Community, 4. Personal, 5. National or International. The message to re-focus on safety and production needs to be immediate and as close to one on oneas possible looking into the eyes of the employee. The employee must under-stand the risk of not focusing on his work. I did a good job of this in bringing twoplants and one mine with poor safety record to accident free years leaving for atotal of 13 years of 17 with accident free years. The other 4 years built towardaccident free status. However, they could have be better if I had paid more at-tention to the five items mentioned above. The constant attention to employeeneeds to keep them focused on safe productive work pays off in lower costs andhappy employees.

This is the Technical Program as of September 15, 2013. IT IS SUBJECT TO CHANGE. Please see the Onsite Program for final details.

TECHNICAL PROGRAMInDUSTRIAL MInERALS & AGGREGATES:

Research and Innovation in IndustrialMinerals and Aggregates

9:00 AM • Tuesday, February 25chairs: R. Pruett, Imerys, Sandersville, ga

P. Macy, Kemira, atlanta, ga

9:00 AMIntroductions

9:05 AMDevelopment and Benefits of Remote Control Technology on aCaterpillar 988 Loader

A. Storey; Business Development, Luck Stone Corporation, Richmond, VASafety is one of a number of design concerns that all mining operations mustnever lose focus on. How a company deals with hazards can have a long term im-pact on stone reserves. Over the years, Luck Stone has changed its mine plans tocontinue providing a safe environment for our operators. Wider safety benchesare left intact, high walls are shorter than they once were, and scaling is per-formed more frequently. As a result of these changes, extractable permitted re-serves are smaller than they once were. this presentation describes how a teamof Luck Stone associates with a passion for new ideas joined forces with an openminded vendor to figure out how to extract more stone within the same pit foot-print, while still maintaining the highest of safety standards! The result was awildly successful experiment with a Remote Control Caterpillar 988 Loader.

9:25 AMCost Saving Approach to Solving HMA Optimization Problems

A. Anani1, K. Awuah-Offei1 and O. Brown2; 1Mining Engineering, Missouri S&T, Rolla, MO and 2Mining Engineering, Freeport Mcmoran,Morenci, AZThe goal of hot mix asphalt (HMA) design is optimal material blending to meetSuperpave specifications. HMA cost minimization has being modeled as linearprograming (LP) (Awuah-Offei et al 2011) and mixed integer LP problems(Brown et al, 2012) and solved with commercial software such as LINDO andCPLEX. Often these software licenses cost thousands of dollars. The objective ofthis study is to develop a novel solution algorithm to the HMA optimizationproblem presented by Brown et al. (2012), which will negate the need for ex-pensive commercial packages. This novel algorithm is based on the branch andbound algorithm for solving mixed integer problems. The algorithm is incorpo-rated into a software package with an easy-to-use graphical user interface. Thedeveloped algorithm is validated using a real-life HMA problem. Using this solution algorithm will save companies thousands of dollars otherwise used topurchase software licenses.

9:45 AMTriboelectric Separator for Beneficiation of Fine Minerals

S. Gasiorowski, J. Bittner and F. Hrach; Separation Technologies, LLC,Needham, MASeparation Technologies, LLC (ST) has developed a processing system based ontriboelectric charging and electrostatic separation that provides the mineralprocessing industry a means to beneficiate fine materials with an entirely drytechnology. In contrast to the other available electrostatic separation processesthat are typically limited to particles greater than 75 mm in size, the ST belt sep-arator is ideally suited for separation of very fine (<1 mm) to moderately coarse(500 mm) materials with very high throughputs. The triboelectric particlecharging is effective for a wide range of materials. The high efficiency multi-stage separation through charging / recharging and internal recycle results infar superior separations and is effective on fine materials that cannot be sepa-rated at all by the conventional electrostatic. ST has utilized this technology ex-tensively to produce low carbon content coal fly ash for use as a cement substi-tute. Eighteen ST fly ash separators are in place at locations in the US andEurope. The technology has been also successfully applied to the beneficiation ofa variety of minerals including calcium carbonates, talc, and potash.

10:05 AMMicrostructure and Spectral Characteristics of Graphene OxideDuring Reduction

H. Sun1, T. Peng2, S. Lin3 and B. Liu4; 1School of Environment and Resource; Institute of Mineral Materials & Application, SouthwestUniversity of Science and Technology, Mianyang, China; 2Analyticaland testing center; Institute of Mineral Materials & Application,Southwest University of Science and Technology, Mianyang, China;3Institute of Mineral Materials and Application, Southwest Universityof Science and Technology, Mianyang, China and 4Institute of MineralMaterials and Application, Southwest University of Science and Technology, Mianyang, ChinaIn the paper, graphite oxide was prepared with the improved Hummers Methodand then dispersed in water via ultrasonic dispersion to produce dispersion liq-uid. After the reduction with hydrazine hydrate, graphene colloidal dispersionliquid with different reduced degrees was obtained via controlling reactiontime. Microstructure and crystal structure evolution were characterized via UV-visible absorption spectroscopy, infrared spectroscopy and scanning probe mi-croscopy from the samples during the transition from graphene oxide tographene. Here, we analyzed the time-variation relationship of graphene oxidesurface functional groups, conjugated π bond, the single-layer thickness andparticle size during the reduction. The obtained results showed that microstruc-ture and surface structure had certain correlation and regularity that functionalgroups on graphene oxide surface, conjugated π bond, the single-layer thicknessand sheet diameter had the identical evolution process.

10:25 AMEffect of Size on the Properties of Clay Mineral Particles

S. Assemi1, S. Sharma3, D. Allen2 and J. Miller1; 1Metallurgical Engi-neering, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT; 2Chemistry, Westmin-ster College, Salt Lake City, UT and 3Indian School of Mines, Dhanbad,IndiaClay minerals are hydrous aluminosilicates, consisting of tetrahedral silicateand octahedral hydroxide sheets. Ion substitutions and proton adsorption-des-orption processes govern the many properties of clay mineral particles. Size-de-pendence of properties such as elemental composition and aspect ratio has al-ready been reported. Such properties prove important in clay-clay andclay-particle interactions. In this study, a methodology was developed to enableanalysis of clay particles in aqueous suspension using sedimentation field-flowfractionation (SdFFF). Kaolinite (1:1) and montmorillonite (1:2) samples weresuspended in water and equilibrated at acidic, basic and neutral pH. The fractionbelow 1 mm was separated and analyzed using SdFFF. Narrow-size fractions(~30 nm) were isolated throughout each size distribution obtained from SdFFFand were analyzed for charge, shape, aspect ratio and elemental composition.The relevance of the obtained information to fundamental behavior of clayssuch as particle aggregation will be discussed.

10:45 AMPreparation of Bentonite/Polymer nanocomposites and theApplication in Drilling Fluid

L. Zhang and J. Zhang; Xian Shiyou University, Xian, ChinaThe nanocrystallization of drilling fluid materials is one of the hot points of thenew drilling fluid technologies. This study adopts the intercalation polymeriza-tion method to prepare the cationic bentonite/polymer nanocomposites.Several selected bentonite ores were purified and modified with sodium and or-ganic chemicals to improve the compatibility and reactivity with polymers, thenpolymerized with polymer monomers including AA, AM, AMPS via intercalationpolymerization. The properties of the nanocomposites were evaluated. FT-IRanalysis shown that the grafting reaction occurs between the monomers andbentonite. XRD and SEM indicated that the bentonite layers were evenly lami-nated and dispersed in polymers at nanometer scale. The API standard methodswere used to test the properties of the drilling fluid prepared with the nanocom-posites. The results shown that fluid-loss and thermal stability of the nano-com-posite materials were significantly improved: the filtration reduction is less than10 mL at a temperature of 180 degree C, and the filter cake displayed a goodflexibility and compaction with a thickness of less than 1mm.

This is the Technical Program as of September 15, 2013. IT IS SUBJECT TO CHANGE. Please see the Onsite Program for final details.

TECHNICAL PROGRAM11:05 AMInvestigation of the Swelling Behavior of Bentonite Clays UsingSedimentation Field-flow Fractionation

S. Assemi1, S. Sharma2, K. Prisbrey1 and J. Miller1; 1Metallurgical Engineering, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT and 2Indian Schoolof Mines, Dhanbad, IndiaSwelling properties of clays are influenced by the type, size and charge of thecation, the magnitude and degree of lattice substitution and the concentration ofthe exchangeable cations in the interlayer, compared to that of the bulk. In thisstudy swelling behavior of two smectite type clays was studied in the osmoticswelling regime. Size distributions of Na- and Ca-Bentonite clay particles wereobtained as a function of electrolyte type, solution pH and swelling time. Samplesizes were verified by scanning electron microscopy of the bulk and the frac-tions. The swelling capacity for each clay type was studied by comparing the sizedistributions obtained from sedimentation field-flow fractionation (SdFFF). Thechange in size was detected by dynamic light scattering (DLS) of the fractions.Our results suggested simultaneous swelling and disintegration of the claystructure, particularly in Na-Bentonite, at the studied size range. Molecular dynamic simulations were used to compare the swelling characteristics of Na- and Ca-bentonite samples.

11:25 AMIn Search of... A new Organic Binder for Proppants

P. Macy; R&D, Kemira, Atlanta, GACeramics are applied in many industries; however, a growing need in gas frac-turing has led to an increase in demand for new products to assist in the extrac-tion process. Ceramics proppants are used to replace sand in maintaining theopen voids for oil and gas extraction. The benefits of ceramic proppants includethe consistent size and size distribution as well as the strength needed for deep-hole operation. As the use of ceramic proppants has grown, the range of highaluminum clays used to produce these proppants has shifted to include someclays which are high in sulfur content or are considered “high viscosity clays” orboth, thus reducing the efficiency of existing binding technologies. This presen-tation will discuss the available methods used to find a binder capable of meet-ing the green strength requirements without increasing the SOx in the exhauststacks or the viscosity of the clay slurry, while not affecting the final firedstrength of the finished proppant.

11:45 AMResearch on Preparation and Properties of Silicate CementitiousBricks for Desert Greening

H. Mingsheng1, L. Jianbao2 and X. Gaifeng1; 1Resources and Environment Institute, Research and Development Center of WISCO,Wuhan, China and 2Dept. of Material Science and Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing, ChinaA kind of silicate cementitious bricks for desert greening is prepared by moldingmethod using the desert sands as the main raw materials and the water glass so-lution as gelling agent, some inorganic chloride as the solidified agent. The influ-ences of five factors including the amount of gelling agent, the concentration ofsolidified agent, solidification time, curing time, molding pressure on the com-pressive strength of the sand-fixing material are discussed. The orthogonal ex-perimental results show that the optimum process parameters are 1.0 kg desertsand, 0.16 L water glass solution, aluminum chloride solution with concentra-tion of 2.0 mol/L, solidification time of 5 min, curing time of 3 d and moldingpressure of 8.5 MPa. The desert greening bricks will have good prospects be-cause of their good properties, convenient construction, low cost, no-pollution,environmental friendliness and so on.

InTERnATIOnAL:International I

9:00 AM • Tuesday, February 25chair: M. Gavrilovic, gR engineering Services, Denver, co

9:00 AMIntroductions

9:05 AMTravelling in Turkey

F. Habashi; Laval University, Quebec City, QC, CanadaThe peninsula that lies between the Black and Mediterranean seas, called AsiaMinor by the Romans and Anatolia by the Greeks, was one of the crossroads ofancient civilizations. The fall of Constantinople in 1453 was a turning point inthe history of mankind. Visits to Istanbul, Ankara, Eskisehir, Cappadocia, andTrabzon will be given, together with the history of the country. Mineral resources of the country will also be briefly outlined.

9:25 AMnew Exploration and Mining Projects Over the next Five years in Peru

R. Mucho; Peruvian Institute of Mining Engineers, Lima, PeruPeru is,and has been for a very long time, a major producer of metals and miner-als. The future looks bright with investments in exploration and mining over thenext five years expected to be approximately $50 billion in copper, gold, silver,lead, zinc and iron ore projects. The author will present information on explo-ration projects, present metal production and details of the new projectsplanned over the next five years.

9:45 AMFlow Sheet Development for the Stillwater Canada Inc. MarathonPGM-Copper Project

D. Turk; Stillwater Mining Company, Billings, MTStillwater Canada Inc. proposes to develop a platinum group metals (PGM’s) andcopper (Cu) operation near Marathon, Ontario. The Marathon PGM-Cu Project islocated approximately 10kms north of the town of Marathon, Ontario. Mineralsof interest within the project are: Copper, Palladium, Platinum, Gold and Silver.The recovery process for the Marathon ore will be froth flotation. The payableparticles of interest have various degrees of floatability related to size, mineralization, oxidation, alteration and replacement. Presented will be the development of the process flow sheet to maximize the value of the project.

10:05 AMUnderground Mine Design of Filling Stations in new Potash-mine Shafts in Eastern Europe

S. Philipp and H. Mischo; Dept. of Mining Engineering, Technical University Bergakademie Freiberg, Freiberg, GermanyThis paper describes several variant how shafts, filling stations and landings,ore bunkers and drifts near shafts of a newly developed eastern Europe potashmine can be placed and designed from a technical and economic point of view.Advantages and disadvantages of the position of different workings are shownas well as analysation of stratigraphic and geological layers and their use for ex-cavating pit bottoms, haulage drifts and bunker installations. The potash mineconsists of two hoisting shafts and one service shaft. It is planned, that the hoist-ing capacity of one of these skip shafts will be 7.3 Million tons of crude potashsalt per year. Both shafts together will be have a hoisting volume of about 14.6Million tons. The paper describes the features of such a double skip shaft pit indetail and demonstrates problems, which depend on the fact, that the pit bottomis in a depth of nearly 1200 m.

This is the Technical Program as of September 15, 2013. IT IS SUBJECT TO CHANGE. Please see the Onsite Program for final details.

Congratulations!to the Penn Anthracite SME Section

for celebrating

.100 Years ,as a Local Section!

TECHNICAL PROGRAM10:25 AMA Discussion on CSM and nTnU Penetration Rate Models

E. Farrokh1 and K. Dae Young2; 1HDEC, Seoul, Republic of Korea and2HDEC, Seoul, Republic of KoreaCSM and NTNU models are among the most commonly used models in TBM per-formance evaluation. Due to increasing application of TBM in different tunnelingconditions, modification became necessary for these models. Sensitivity analy-ses on these two models indicate that both models are very sensitive to machinecharacteristics. Analyses performed on CSM database for cutter load and pene-tration rate prediction indicate while the r-square of the CSM model is reason-ably high for the predicted cutterload, the r-square value for the penetration islow. In order to increase prediction capability of CSM model for penetration ratethe model was reevaluated using non-dimensional analysis and the originaldatabase of Colorado school of mines. NTNU model is evaluated using MonteCarlo simulation and regression analysis. The results of analyses indicate thatthe majority of the variation of the penetration in NTNU model can be explainedby only three parameters. This might indicate that the effects of other factors areovershadowed and it is worthy to reevaluate NTNU model using original database and more updated statistical methods to avoid overlapping of differentparameters correlations.

10:45 AMMining and the Church in Peru

M. Lassus; Mining Engineering, Catholic University of Peru, Lima, PeruPeru is traditionally both a mining and a Catholic country; 60% of the country’sexports are minerals and over 80% of the population are Catholics. Thereforethe Church has a long lasting influence on the population, and its opinion has asignificant influence on the way of thinking of Peruvians. In the last decade, min-ing has grown in the country at a rate of about 8% per year, at the same time so-cial conflicts around mining projects have increased and today are the main ob-stacle to the development of over the US$50 billion the country has in newprojects. The Church has not been excluded from these conflicts, and somepriests and bishops have been very active in opposing mining. However this ismore the exception than the rule and there is a wrong appreciation of the rolethe Church plays within mining in Peru. This paper analyzes the role the CatholicChurch has played regarding mining in the last decade, and the possibilities ithas in acting as a mediator between the elements of opposition to mining andthe industry.

MInERAL & METALLURGICAL PROCESSInG:Comminution I

9:00 AM • Tuesday, February 25chair: A. Giblett, newmont Mining corporation,

englewood, co

9:00 AMIntroductions

9:05 AMEffect of Slurry Density to Media Density Ratio on Fine Grinding

D. Rahal and B. Hines; FLSmidth, Midvale, UTGrinding efficiency in a vertical stirred mill is affected by a wide range of processand mill configuration related variables. Of these, media load, size and intrinsicdensity have a significant effect on grinding performance. It has been estimatedthat the grinding media can cause up to a 30% change in the specific energy re-quired to achieve a target grind. FLSmidth has generally recommended that theintrinsic density of the grinding media be more than triple the expected slurrydensity. This density difference helps to ensure that sufficient stress intensity isgenerated in the mill to provide particle breakage. It also reduces the chance ofmedia “float” if there is a spike in slurry density or elevated slurry flow rates.This relationship is important in closed circuit operation where there is typicallya higher percent solids in the cyclone underflow. The results presented in thispaper examine the relationship between slurry density and media density interm of changes in grinding performance.

9:25 AMShedding Light on Secondary Crushing

B. Putland and A. Festa; Canada, Orway Mineral Consultants (OMC),Mississauga, ON, CanadaSecondary crushing the feed to a SAG mill is often touted for its increases in en-ergy efficiency and SAG milling rates. However, for a project considering this op-tion the proposed benefits soon get overshadowed by implementation concerns.Back engineering from the published case studies is risky unless you understandthe drivers impacting stability and operability. What is needed is information onhow to expose or avoid the cons of secondary crushing. The authors hope to re-duce this information gap with some applicable basics. How you implement sec-ondary crushing decides how efficiently installed power is utilised and how oper-able the circuit will be. Also discussed is the application of secondary crushing togreenfield projects in comparison to brownfield expansions where the benefitgained for capital expended is excellent. Finally once a design is complete it is im-portant that possible operational impacts are predicted, applied to the designand communicated to the operators (risk assessment, engineering mitigation andoperational readiness). A number of operational impacts are discussed from atheoretical point of view with case study examples provided.

9:45 AMOperational Experiences and Performance Assessment ofSecondary Crushing Prior to SAG Milling at newmont’s PhoenixOperation

C. Bissue1, B. Olson1, R. Tucker1, K. Tempel1, W. Hunter1 and A. Giblett2; 1Phoenix Mine - Battle Mountain, Newmont Mining Corporation, Battle Mountain, NV and 2Newmont Metallurgy & Technology, Newmont Mining Corporation, Denver, CODue to a combination of extreme and variable ore hardness, the NewmontPhoenix Operation has not consistently met throughput expectations via a con-ventional SABC circuit since the process plant was commissioned in 2006.Detailed analysis determined that optimizing the existing grinding circuit wouldnot realize sufficient improvement to allow target throughput levels to beachieved. Further simulation and plant trials indicated the potential of increas-ing the mill throughput to the desired levels by reducing the SAG mill feed size.In August 2012, the Newmont Phoenix Operation upgraded the process facilityto allow full secondary crushing of the SAG mill feed. The operation also in-stalled two additional trains of flotation cells to accommodate higher through-put levels in flotation. The installation has demonstrated a positive impact onplant throughput and has reduced the influence of variable rock hardness onplant performance. This paper discusses the operational experience and the results of the secondary crushing installation on plant performance in detail, including mill throughput, energy efficiency and grind size.

10:05 AMClimax Mine Restart: Regrind Process Development

M. Larson1, J. Cunningham2 and B. Kilborn2; 1Xstrata Technology,Ewen, MI and 2Climax Molybdenum, Climax, COIn 2012 Freeport-McMoRan re-commenced commercial production of molybde-num concentrate from its Climax Mine in Lake County, Colorado. Within theflowsheet of the 28,000 stpd concentrator sit three Xstrata Technology 500 kWM1000 IsaMills feeding Outotec TC-30 and TC-20 tank cells. The IsaMills aresplit, with two regrinding rougher concentrate and the third regrinding firstcleaner concentrate. This split regrind—with flotation rejection betweenthem—ensures that only the necessary grinding is taking place with a minimumof energy spent regrinding waste material to the final fine size. This paper willexamine the performance of the rougher regrind through cleaners. From startupto current operations almost two years later; circuit performance, adjustmentsand future improvements will be discussed.

10:25 AMIndustrial SAG Media Consumption Study – Definition ofConsumption and Relationship with SAG Specific GrindingEnergy

W. Conger and G. Schick; Grinding Media Division, Me Elecmetal, Minneapolis, MNGrinding media consumption is a major cost variable in industrial mineral com-minution circuits. Specifically, industrial SAG media consumption results from acombination of surface abrasion wear, media breakage, surface spalling and re-jection size from the mill. Three main consumption rates; weight of media consumed per time, per kWh and per weight of ore ground are defined and

This is the Technical Program as of September 15, 2013. IT IS SUBJECT TO CHANGE. Please see the Onsite Program for final details.

TECHNICAL PROGRAMcompared. Recent industrial data has provided an opportunity to relate con-sumption in terms of weight of media consumed to weight of ore ground(g/tonne) and weight of media consumed per kWh of energy consumed(g/kWh) with SAG specific grinding energy consumed (kWh/tonne) and theBond Work Index of the ore. Using relationships developed from this data it ispossible to project SAG media consumption in future mineral comminution cir-cuits. Recently it has been demonstrated that SAG media that maintains intactand remains spherical has a beneficial effect on grinding efficiency as measuredby specific power (kWh/tonne). Overall operating costs and carbon footprintcan be reduced by using low consumption SAG grinding media.

10:45 AMConsiderations for Grinding Mill Foundations

J. Belke1 and B. Berger2; 1Outotec Pty Ltd, Perth, WA, Australia and2Outotec (USA) Inc., Jacksonville, FLThere are many aspects of a grinding mill supply and installation that can resultin the mill not operating as intended, resulting in unplanned shutdowns, poorreliability and headaches for all concerned. One of the largest aspects, both incriticality and physical mass, is the mill foundation; if not properly specified, de-signed and constructed the mill operation will be compromised. The mill foun-dation starts with the design specification and loading diagram supplied by themill builder. The importance of understanding these documents and how toapply them is critical for the start of any mill project. When designing mills witha GMD the foundation must be properly modeled to ensure that all interactionsof the mill and motor structures, foundation and subsurface strata behave in theintended fashion. All of the previous efforts can be laid to waste if the construc-tion of the mill foundation is poorly handled. Mill foundations are typically themost massive concrete structure at a processing plant and can easily causenightmares for inexperienced contactors. This paper explores some of the moreimportant facets along the lifecycle of the grinding mill foundation.

MInERAL & METALLURGICAL PROCESSInG:Fundamental and Applied Advances in MineralProcessing: A SME/IMPC Tribute to Professor

Douglas W. Fuerstenau I9:00 AM • Tuesday, February 25

chairs: B. Moudgil, university of Florida, gainesville, FL J. Herbst, Metso Minerals, Kailua Kona, hI

9:00 AMIntroductions

9:05 AMSurfactant Structures at the S/L Interface and Their PracticalImplications

Y. Rabinovich, A. Rajopadhye, K. Powers and B. Moudgil; MaterialsScience & Engineering, University of Florida, Gainesville, FLRole of surfactant structures in flotation of minerals has been well established.Dispersion, rheology, corrosion inhibition, emulsification and de-emulsificationare some of the other phenomena that are also governed by interfacial architec-ture of the adsorbed molecules. However, much of what we know to be effectivein such applications is mostly the result of informed empirical data rather than asolid understanding of surface structures and molecular interactions. We areusing atomic force microscopy, micro-electrochemical scanning microscopy,and spectroscopic techniques to examine surfactant structure at the surfaces. Inthis presentation, summary highlights of our work on study of surfactant struc-tures, and their implications in dispersion, and corrosion inhibition applicationswill be highlighted.

9:25 AMA Review of Case Studies Showing the Importance of anIntegrated Approach to Comminution and Flotation Research

C. O’Connor; University of Cape Town, Rondebosch, South AfricaThe purpose of comminution is to prepare particles for downstream processingsuch as flotation. Currently, comminution research is largely focused on energyminimization and enhanced liberation. In recent years the Centre for MineralsResearch has been integrating its comminution and flotation research and the

paper will review this work. Comminution devices used included a highly in-strumented Magotteaux Mill, M4 IsaMill, standard ball and rod mills and a verti-cal stirred mill. An HPGR and a cone crusher followed by wet vs dry ball millingwere also investigated. Two different ore types were generally used, viz. a basemetal sulphide and a PGM ore to investigate dependency of the findings on oretype. Flotation was used as a diagnostic indicator of the effect of using differentcomminution devices or processes. The milling media type and the chemical en-vironment in the mill were also varied. Products from the milling process werecharacterized in terms of their size, % liberation and morphology. The paperwill attempt to demonstrate the importance of developing a fully integrated approach to the design and operation of comminution and flotation circuits.

9:45 AMMineral Process Engineering: The Past, Present, and Future

K. Sastry; University of California at Berkeley, Berkeley, CAWe begin this presentation with an overview of what constitutes mineralprocess engineering, then review its evolution through the early and later partsof 20th century to the present times. During the course of presentation, we spot-light contributions made by Doug Fuerstenau and his students and grand stu-dents. Finally, we discuss research needs in and project the exciting opportuni-ties provided by mineral process engineering during this rapidly changingtechnology century.

10:05 AMValidation of a First Principles Flotation Model

R. Yoon and G. Soni; Mining and Minerals Engineering, Virginia Tech,Blacksburg, VAA first principle flotation model has been derived from the basic mechanisms in-volved in flotation. The model consists of a series of analytical equations forbubble generation, bubble-particle collision, attachment, detachment, and frothphase recovery. The model can predict flotation from both hydrodynamic andsurface chemistry parameters such as bubble size, particle size, energy dissipa-tion rate, ζ-potentials, contact angles (θ), etc. The model has been validated in aseries of laboratory batch flotation experiments, in which mono-sized glassbeads are used as feeds. The experimental results are in good agreement withmodel predictions both in terms of grade and recovery.

10:25 AMSolubility Product of Lead n-alkyl Xanthates and Their Enthalpyof Formation in Aqueous Solution and at the PbSO4/AqueousSolution Interface

A. Lopez-Valdivieso, O. Orozco Navarro and A. Robledo Cabrera; Instituto de Metalurgia, Universidad Autónoma de San Luis Potosí,San Luis Potosí, MexicoThe interaction of n-alkyl xanthates with Pb2+ ions and the PbSO4 surface inaqueous solutions has been investigated through measurements of the heatevolved using titration microcalorimetry. The n-alkyl xanthates studied wereethyl (C2), propyl (C3), butyl (C4) and amyl (C5). From the heat evolved and thequantification of the residual lead ion and xanthate ion concentration, the stan-dard enthalpy (ΔHo) of formation and the solubility product (Kso) of the lead n-alkyl xanthates have been determined. New Kso values were found, distinct invarious orders of magnitude to those reported by Kakovski (1957). Studies onthe heat of interaction of the xanthates at the PbSO4/interface revealed two ad-sorption regions: 1) chemisorption of the xanthates on lead sites of distinct en-ergetic levels and 2) formation of lead n-alkyl xanthate. The ΔHo change for thelead n-alkyl xanthates indicates association of the alkyl chain in the compoundby hydrophobic bonding.

10:45 AMFlotation in Highly Concentrated Electrolyte Solutions

J.S. Laskowski, N.B. Keevil Institute of Mining Engineering, Universityof British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada; S. Castro, Dept. of Metallurgical Engineering, University of Concepcion, ChileIn the flotation in highly concentrated electrolyte solutions not only ionicstrength but also chemical composition, flotation pH and mineral properties playan important role. As a result an improvement or depression may be observed. Astrong improvement in the floatability of hydrophobic bituminous coals andother inherently hydrophobic minerals is characteristic of the “salt flotationprocess”, which is carried out in concentrated electrolyte solutions at natural pHand without addition of any flotation reagents. However, pH is a key factor whensaline and hipersaline waters with hydrolyzing metallic ions are used as processwater. In the case of flotation of Cu-Mo sulfide ores in seawater molybdenite is

This is the Technical Program as of September 15, 2013. IT IS SUBJECT TO CHANGE. Please see the Onsite Program for final details.

TECHNICAL PROGRAMstrongly depressed by the Mg2+ hydrolysis products when pH is raised for pyritedepression. A process water with a high content of Mg2+ and Ca2+ ions, and thisalso includes seawater, have deleterious effect on the anionic flotation of industrial minerals with fatty acids. The flotation of potash ores is carried out inNaCl-KCl saturated brine with long-chain amines. These various cases are used todiscuss main features of such flotation systems and to classify them.

MInERAL & METALLURGICAL PROCESSInG: Leaching I

9:00 AM • Tuesday, February 25chairs: C. Green, Freeport-McMoRan copper and gold Inc.,

Morenci, aZ C. Caro, Freeport-McMoRan copper and gold Inc, Safford, aZ

9:00 AMIntroductions

9:05 AMPhase Transformations during Sulfuric Acid Baking of anEnargite Concentrate

S. Safarzadeh and J. Miller; Metallurgical Engineering, University ofUtah, Salt Lake City, UTSulfuric acid baking of an enargite concentrate at 200 °C has shown potential ad-vantages in terms of both copper extraction and arsenic retention in the con-densed phase. The copper sulfate and arsenolite phases formed during the acidbake reaction are readily leached in water, releasing both copper and arsenic ata ratio of about 3:1. While enargite is very reactive during the sulfuric acid bak-ing reaction, other minerals present in the concentrate such as pyrite, galena,and sphalerite may compete to consume sulfuric acid and be converted intotheir corresponding sulfates. The purpose of this paper is to evaluate phasetransformations during the acid bake-leach process for the treatment of an enar-gite concentrate. In this regard, the concentrate, baked concentrate, and theleach residues are characterized and important acid bake reactions for theseminerals will be discussed. A conceptual process flowsheet is described for theacid bake-leach process to treat enargite concentrates.

9:25 AMEffect of Activated Carbon Particle Size on theAdsorption/Desorption of Gold from Alkaline Cyanide Solution

D. Bhattacharyya, T. Depci, F. Elnathan and J. Miller; Metallurgical Engineering, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UTActivated carbon (AC) loading and elution experiments were carried out to ex-amine the effect of particle size on adsorption/desorption of gold from alkalinecyanide solution. BET surface area of AC particles was found to be independentof particle size. Loading experiments showed that the gold adsorption capacityof AC is also independent of particle size. On the other hand, as expected, there isa significant effect of particle size on gold adsorption kinetics as experimentalresults reveal. The rate of adsorption increases with a decrease in particle size ofAC. Elution experiments on gold loaded AC of different particle sizes were car-ried out by conventional Mintek and Atmospheric Zadra procedures. The exper-imental results from these elution experiments were contrary to expectations.The elution results from both procedures show that the percent gold elutedfrom ACs increased initially with a decrease in particle size but with further de-crease in particle size (below 35 mesh) the percent of gold eluted dropped sig-nificantly. The reduced gold elution from ACs of smaller particle size stimulatedfurther research to explain these unexpected results.

9:45 AMIn-Situ Measurements of Copper and Moisture in an OperatingHeap Using Advanced Geophysics

K. Lang1, R. Banas2, N. Clayton3 and R. Ruano4; 1Industrial Water,Schlumberger, Denver, CO; 2Wireline, Schlumberger, Mexico City,Mexico; 3Industrial Water, Schlumberger, Tucson, AZ and 4IndustrialWater, Schlumberger, Santiago, ChileA test section of the upper most lift and underlying lifts of an engineered heapwas instrumented and monitored with advanced wireline geophysics and otherapplications. Elemental Capture Spectroscopy (ESC) copper measurements, re-sistivity measurements from an Array Induction Tool (AIT), electrical resistivity

tomography (ERT) and distributed temperature sensing (DTS) with fiber opticsprovided near real time data about the performance of the heap. Integratedmonitoring data provided information about the hydrodynamics and metallurgyof the leaching process in near real time. Problems in the heap, such as pooling,channeling, longer lag and breakthrough times, excess acid consumption, in-creased solution in inventory, toe saturation and slope stability can be detectedin near real time with the in-situ measurements evaluated.

10:05 AMSilver and Silver Sulfide Leaching in Thiosulfate-Ferric-ThioureaSolutions

J. Hiskey2 and M. Novak1; 1Materials Science and Engineering, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ and 2Mining and Geological Engineering, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZLeaching experiments were performed on pure silver and two silver sulfidesamples of different composition in thiosulfate solutions containing ferric ion toserve as an oxidant and thiourea to act as a catalyst. Leaching experiments werealso performed in acidified thiourea solutions to serve as a comparison. It wasfound that thiourea was a more potent lixiviant for silver and silver sulfideleaching than thiosulfate. Silver leaching rates as high as 28.55 mmol/m2s wereachieved in thiosulfate, and as high as 46.80 mmol/m2s in thiourea. Silver sul-fide leaching rates as high as 7.78 mmol/m2s were achieved in thiosulfate, andas high as 25.47 mmol/m2s in thiourea. It was also found that both lixiviants arehindered by reagent oxidation which decreased the leaching rate with time.

10:25 AMExpanding the Capabilities of Operational Heap Leach Models

C. Voss and A. Neir; Golder Associates Inc., Redmond, WAOne of the results of the decline in commodity prices in 2012 is an increased in-terest by mining companies to optimize productivity. Golder Associates hasbeen developing dynamic simulation models for our mining clients to improvetheir understanding of how the ore characteristics, operational decisions andexternal factors, such as climate, influence the performance of their mining op-erations. These models include a wide array of operations and processes, in-cluding the design and operations of heap leach facilities. Golder is partneringwith our clients to expand the level of detail in these models by capitalizing onthe collection and analysis of site data and the experience and direct observa-tion of mine personnel. This paper describes the status of the operational heapleach models and how they are being used by mines to gain an intuitive under-standing of the hydro-geochemical processes involved and make better deci-sions to improve the efficiency and productivity of mine operations. The paperwill provide a case history of a dynamic simulation model that was developedfor a gold heap leach operation at a mine in the southern extension of the Carlin trend.

10:45 AMThe Pressure Leaching of Bulk Copper Molybdenum RheniumConcentrates

C. Anderson, K. Gough, S. Holmes, N. Matosky, T. Oney and J. Rutledge;Colorado School of Mines, Golden, COThe use of hydrometallurgical pressure oxidation for base metal concentrates isa growing technology. In particular, the use to treat multi metal concentratesutilizing superior hydrometallurgical separations can be technical and econom-ically advantageous. This paper will outline and compare the use of both alka-line and acidic pressure oxidation for the treatment of bulk copper, molybde-num rhenium concentrates. Pertinent optimization effects will be elucidatedalong with proposed flowsheets and scoping level economics.

This is the Technical Program as of September 15, 2013. IT IS SUBJECT TO CHANGE. Please see the Onsite Program for final details.

NEW THIS YEAR

PDH Certificates and Transcripts available for the first time.

SME will offer attendees the option of receiving PDH credit for

session attendance. Complete details can be found under General Information.

TECHNICAL PROGRAMMInERAL & METALLURGICAL PROCESSSInG:

non-sulfide Flotation I9:00 AM • Tuesday, February 25

chairs: D. Tao, university of Kentucky, Lexington, KY S. Aksoy, Thiele Kaolin company, Sandersville, ga

9:00 AMIntroductions

9:05 AMReducing MgO Content in Florida Phosphate Concentrate

J. Zhang1, S. Zheng2, W. Song2, X. Ma2 and J. Miller3; 1Florida Industrialand Phosphate Research Institute, Bartow, FL; 2China Bluestar LehighEngineering Corporation, Lianyungang, China and 3University of Utah,Salt Lake City, UTA 1989 FIPR characterization study of the future phosphate resources in Floridashowed that reducing MgO content in the flotation concentrate by a small mar-gin would allow blending of a large portion of the high-dolomite pebble. The fol-lowing six approaches were tested for that purpose: (1) Adding a dolomite de-pressant in the rougher flotation step; (2) Dolomite flotation on the rougherconcentrate with and without grinding; (3) Dolomite flotation on the cleanerconcentrate with and without grinding; (4) Scrubbing the flotation feed; (5)Scrubbing the rougher concentrate; (6) Scrubbing the cleaner concentrate. Someof these techniques could reduce MgO content in the final concentrate by 20-40%. The flotation process could achieve a concentrate with the lowest MgOcontent, but it is the most expensive approach. Adding a dolomite depressant isinexpensive and easy, but the effect is limited. Overall, scrubbing may be themost promising technology for this purpose.

9:25 AMThe Flotation Concentration of nb Oxide Minerals fromCarbonatite Ores by Hydroxamic Acid and SodiumMetaphosphate

X. Ni1, L. Huang2, C. Gagnon2, M. Ourriban3 and Q. Liu1; 1Chemical andMaterials Engineering, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada;2COREM, Quebec City, QC, Canada and 3Iamgold Corporation, Montreal, QC, CanadaTo concentrate the niobium oxide minerals from carbonatite ores, hydroxamicacid was used as a collector and sodium metaphosphate was used as a carbonatedepressant. In the direct batch flotation of the ground ore sample withoutdesliming, over 95% of the niobium oxide minerals can be recovered into arougher concentrate with less than 50% mass pull. Adsorption mechanism stud-ies showed that while hydroxamic acid chemisorbed on niobium oxide and ph-ysisorbed on carbonate, the adsorption of sodium metaphosphate was the exactopposite: it strongly adsorbed on carbonate and only weakly adsorbed on nio-bium oxide minerals.

9:45 AMStackcell: A High-efficiency Technology for Fine ParticleFlotation J. Kohmuench1, M. Mankosa1, N. Alves2, R. Liberato2 and G. Luttrell3;1Flotation Division, Eriez, Erie, PA; 2Inbras, Eriez, Diadema, Brazil and3Mining & Minerals Engineering, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VAColumn cells have become widely accepted for the upgrading of fine particleslargely due to their ability to minimize the entrainment of ultrafine gangue intothe froth product. While there are numerous successful column installations, dis-cussions with both end-users and engineering firms have identified certain de-sign criteria that can make these installations challenging. One of the most com-mon of these is the large volumetric size of column cells and the resultantfoundation loads. To address this concern, a new high-intensity flotation systemknown as the StackCell™ has been developed. This technology makes use of a feedpre-aeration within a high-intensity gas sparging canister to provide highly effi-cient bubble-particle contacting that reduces the residence time and cell volumerequired for fine particle collection. The compact low-profile design also simplifies maintenance and minimizes energy demands without sacrificing performance. This paper describes the design features of this high-capacity flotation technology and presents experimental data from recent industrial applications.

10:05 AMImproved Phosphate Flotation Using novel Depressants

L. Zhang and D. Tao; University of Kentucky, Lexington, KYIn this paper the effect of clay binders on phosphate flotation and its adsorptionbehavior were evaluated using flotation tests and Quartz Crystal Microbalancewith Dissipation technique (QCM-D). Clay binders that are a series of low molec-ular weight specialty polymers added to slurry as depressants help improvephosphate flotation performance by agglomerating and depressing clay parti-cles, thereby lowering their surface area and reducing the adsorption of surfac-tants. They also facilitate tailings disposal by forming aggregates with high den-sity and low internal porosity that flocculate more readily, settle more rapidlyand consolidate better. The sample used in this study was a typical sedimentaryChinese phosphate ore that has a high content of carbonates and a fine particlesize. Five clay binders manufactured by Georgia Pacific Chemicals, LLC wereevaluated and sodium silicate was used as dispersant. The plant fatty acid wasused as collector in this study. The results have indicated that clay binders sig-nificantly improved phosphate flotation selectivity. The adsorption of the bestclay binder on the surface of bauxite, apatite, and silica was characterized usingQCM-D.

10:25 AMAn AFM Study of the Adsorption of Collectors on Fluorite

J. Zhang, W. Zhang, D. An and Q. Feng; University of Arizona, Tucson, AZAn atomic force microscopy (AFM) has been applied to study in situ the adsorp-tion of collectors, i.e., oleic acid and octadecyltrimetylammonium chloride(C18TACl), on fluorite surface in aqueous solutions. AFM images show that oleicacid adsorbs on fluorite mainly in the form of chemisorbedlayer of metal soap.Applying a large scan force cannot remove the adsorbates from mineral surface.For C18TACl, its adsorption on fluorite increases with enhancing surfactant con-centration. However, surface morphology doesn’t change much when the pH ofC18TACl solution increases from pH 9 to pH 11. The study of temperature effecton surface morphology shows that increasing temperature can dramatically in-crease the adsorption of both collectors on fluorite. It suggests that temperatureplays a vital role in the flotation of fluorite.

10:45 AMStudy on Role and Interaction of a Chelate Collector in theReverse Floatation of Quartz from Iron Ore

Y. Zhu1, Y. Han2, Y. Li3 and J. Liu4; 1Mineral Process Engineering, Resource and Civil Engneering, Shenyang, China; 2Mineral Process Engineering, Resource and Civil Engneering, Shenyang, China; 3Mineral Process Engineering, Resource and Civil Engneering,Shenyang, China and 4Mineral Process Engineering, Resource andCivil Engneering, Shenyang, ChinaA new kind of chelate collector DX-1 was synthesized when a group X withstrong electronegativity was introduced to position of aliphatic acid based onthe molecule design of floatation reagents. Reverse flotation of both pure quartzand artificial mixed ore of quartz and hematite in DX-1 flotation system was con-ducted. FT-IR spectra and Zeta potential were also measured in order to studythe mechanism of interaction between DX-1 and quartz. The results show thatDX-1 has strong performance in collecting quartz without using activator. Thetemperature of the flotation is lowered down to 15~20°C comparing to the tra-ditional temperature range of 35~45°C in the flotation of aliphatic acid system.Mechanism research indicates that introduction of X group into DX-1 moleculeincreases the polarity of the collector modules. The synergy of X group and COO- brings about stronger chemical adsorption between DX-1 and quartz.

This is the Technical Program as of September 15, 2013. IT IS SUBJECT TO CHANGE. Please see the Onsite Program for final details.

TECHNICAL PROGRAMMInERAL & METALLURGICAL PROCESSInG:

Separation9:00 AM • Tuesday, February 25

chairs: C. Kujawa, Paterson and cooke, golden, co L. Alagha, Missouri university of Science and Technology, Mo

9:00 AMIntroductions

9:05 AMRapid Dewatering of FFT

C. Shobrook and M. Hodges; Genesis Water, Denver, COThe inherent properties of fine fluid tailings (FFT) continue to challenge the ef-fort toward high speed, low cost dewatering. A new approach, using flocculationand an innovative dewatering system may succeed in binding the fines suffi-ciently for continuous, rapid water release from the slurry. Genesis Water, a UScompany, supplies a proprietary Rapid Dewatering System (RDS) that is com-mercially proven in the waterway dredging market on fine sediments. The tech-nology was introduced to the oil sands market in 2012 to determine if the sys-tem would be as effective for dredged FFT slurries. Data from a small scaledemonstration project to be conducted in 2013 with FFT samples will be pre-sented, along with the prospects for a commercial trial. In a two-stage process,the RDS first removes the free-water phase from the slurry, using the GenesisAquaScreen aided by a polymer. The system gravity-feeds the resulting massinto Genesis TerraCore for capillary water release. The demonstration will eval-uate the polymer program; performance of primary and secondary dewateringequipment with flocculated FFT; and percentage of solids achieved in the result-ing cake from each step in the process.

9:25 AMTemperature Effect on the Stability of Wetting Films of Water onBitumen

R. Yoon and J. Ma; Mining and Minerals Engineering, Virginia Tech,Blacksburg, VAFor air bubbles to attach on mineral (or bitumen) particles, the wetting films ofwater formed on the surfaces must rupture. Thermodynamically, the films canrupture when the disjoining pressures (Π) of the films are negative. In the pres-ent work, the disjoining pressures of the wetting films formed on bitumen havebeen measured at temperatures in the range of 22 to 80 °C. The results show thatΠ becomes less negative with decreasing temperature. However, it remains nega-tive until the temperature is decreased to 35 °C, but becomes positive at 22 °C.These results are consistent with the industrial experiences in bitumen flotation.

9:45 AMContinuous Particle Separation by Shifted Pillar Arrays

S. Miskovic and H. Feng; Metallurgical Engineering, University ofUtah, Salt Lake City, UTFeasibility of flow enhanced separation of particles, based on size and density,inside of ordered pillar arrays is studied. While moving through the device, dif-ferent particles interact differently with the pillars and are directed toward thetwo main pathways. Large particles have a greater chance of interacting with thepillars and are bumped away from the flow direction. Conversely, small particlesare moved by the carrier fluid through the system. The effects of particle density,feed flow rate, and fluid viscosity on the particle separation efficiency are stud-ied numerically and experimentally in this work. Computational fluid dynamics -discrete element method (CFD-DEM) approach is used to predict particle trajec-tories and fluid flow velocity profiles for several scenarios. The obtained numer-ical results and calculated separation efficiencies are verified experimentallyusing small pilot-scale continuous separation unit. The preliminary results showthat this novel approach to continuous-flow separation of heterogeneous parti-cle mixtures is a promising alternative to other commercially available size anddensity based particle separation techniques.

10:05 AMRheological Effect Over Hydrociclones Classification

O. Bustamante1, L. Chica1, A. Ferreira1 and A. Barrientos2; 1Materialsand Minerals, Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Medellín, Colombiaand 2Metalurgia, Universidad de Concepción, Concepción, ChileThis paper shows an experimental study and a phenomenological dissipationenergy balance model in the hidrocyclones classification. A conclusion in this re-search, is that energy mechanical dissipation in apex discharge is very impor-tant, although is very smallest respect other values of the mechanical dissipationinside of the hydrociclones.

MInERAL & METALLURGICAL PROCESSInG:Tailings – The End of the Line

9:00 AM • Tuesday, February 25chair: B. Erfourth, barr engineering, Minneapolis, Mn

9:00 AMIntroductions

9:05 AMRecovery of Cyanide from Tailings Using Resins

D. Connelly; Mineral Engineering Technical Services, Perth, WA, AustraliaThe increasing global concerns and new environmental regulations regardingthe transportation and destruction of cyanide have led to a renewed interestedin recovering cyanide and copper from gold processing operations. Resins areparticularly well suited to the recovery of copper cyanide, and can be applied tocyanide in solutions or pulp. The process uses a strong base resin technology toextract free cyanide radicals as well as metal-cyanide complexes from gold tail-ings. There is mounting pressure on the gold industry to ban the use of cyanidein more jurisdictions around the world. Cyanide recovery using resins is a farmore acceptable solution to banning its use. The increased cost of cyanide alsodictates that recovery is preferable to destruction.

9:25 AMPhysical Model Testing for Surface Paste Disposal of Lead-ZincMine Tailings

A. Bascetin, S. Tuylu, D. Adiguzel and U. Akkaya; Mining Engineering,Istanbul University, Istanbul, TurkeySurface paste disposal is one of the applicable environmental friendly methodsfor mine tailings. Because of it is a newly developed method, there are manyproblems for industrial applications. In this study, field conditions were simu-lated in laboratory environment to determine the proper disposal configuration.Firstly, the properties of the tailing material were investigated if suitable forpaste technology. The tailings show characteristics of clays and silts in terms ofthe Unified Soil Classification System. Particle size distribution analyses indicatethat 39.2% of the particles was finer than 20 mm. The results showed that thephysical and chemical properties of mill tailings make them suitable for SPD.The second stage of the study is focused on mixture design of the tailings andbinder material. The different binder materials were investigated for the stablepaste material. The other main object of the study is investigating the optimumdesign parameters such as the thickness of the paste disposal, simulating the cli-matic conditions in the laboratory. So important results were obtained toachieve optimal design parameters for surface paste disposal.

9:45 AMPaste Tailings Deposition – Common Questions

S. Slottee; WesTech Engineering, Salt Lake City, UTSince the late 1990’s thickening tailings to a paste-like consistency (referred toas paste, thickened tailings and P&TT) has become an alternative to the conven-tional solution of slurry disposal behind a dam. Although the word “paste” is be-coming familiar in connection with tailings disposal several common questionsare raised by skeptics and those unfamiliar with the technology fundamentals.Will P&TT work (yes) and is it the best solution? (in some but not all cases); canit be used in a rainy climate? (yes); what does a surface paste disposal site looklike? (2% slope is common); how is a paste thickener designed? (laboratory and

This is the Technical Program as of September 15, 2013. IT IS SUBJECT TO CHANGE. Please see the Onsite Program for final details.

TECHNICAL PROGRAMin some cases pilot testing required); how does paste thickened tailings compareto the option of filtration? (higher tailings rates favor P&TT). Paste tailings is rel-atively new in the history of tailings management; although there are installa-tions all over the world. Industry is still learning how to use P&TT which shouldalways be a primary option to the conventional tailings dam design.

10:05 AMMaking the Case for Proactive Tailings Basin Management

B. Erfourth; Barr Engineering, Minneapolis, MNTailings produced through mining operations must be managed safely and eco-nomically during operations and post-closure. At some facilities, tailings basinmanagement becomes secondary to production. This leads engineers to have tomake many assumptions during design and a reactionary mindset around tailings management during operations– where money is only spent whenneeded, when something is wrong. While this “wait til it’s needed” approachmay appear economical, this paper makes the argument that proactive manage-ment of tailings, which requires more upfront capital costs, ultimately providesa safer and more economical tailings basin integrated into operations. Moneyspent on proactive tailings basin management is a form of insurance against fail-ure. The key is to investigate, analyze, construct, and monitor, then repeat theprocess. This proactive management cycle is described in greater detail.

10:25 AMConventional or Thickened Paste Tailings, Case Study for an IronMine in China

A. Cornford; Ausenco, Vancouver, BC, CanadaBaotou Steel International (BSI) has operated a large iron mine approximately150 km from Baotou City, the capital of Inner Mongolia, China since May 2010.The mine has a thickened tailings system with a design capacity of 7 million met-ric tons per annum (MTA) and a project life of 13 years. The thickened tailingsare pumped to the tailings storage facility for the disposal. Ausenco was con-tracted to design the tailings surface disposition system. The initial phase wasthe tradeoff study of the surface deposition options, with respect to the conven-tional, thickened/paste tailings, or dry stack surface disposal. This paper pres-ents the tradeoff analysis carried out in the design of the tailings system, includ-ing the various assumptions. It also provides details of the subsequent designand implementation. The tailings facility has now been in operation for threeyears and Ausenco is continuously providing technical support to the client byfine tuning the system operation and resolving some of the challenges they ex-perienced during the first few years of operation. Jianping “JP” Wu, Ph.D., P.E.

MInInG & EXPLORATIOn: Geology: Slope Stability in Mining

9:00 AM • Tuesday, February 25chair: J. Greenwood, barr engineering, edina, Mn

9:00 AMIntroductions

9:05 AMRemediation of Large-scale Slope Instability and Impact on MineDevelopment at the Gold Quarry Mine

R. Sheets, S. Douglas and R. St. Louis; Carlin Surface Mine Engineering, Newmont Mining Corporation, Elko, NVIn 2009 the Gold Quarry open pit mine had multiple large slope instabilitiesthat halted major ore production for 18 months. The slope instabilities oc-curred within the Carlin Fm.—a weak, consolidated sedimentary sequence thatexhibits characteristics that are transitional between soil and rock. The conse-quence was a 160 m high slope instability that had a run-out of 850 m. Miningactivity to remediate the highwall commenced immediately and ran concurrentto a geotechnical and hydrogeological investigation conducted to determine thecauses of the slope failure and develop a stable final highwall design that wouldreturn the pit to full production. The final remediation design incorporatedshallower slopes and a 3 Mt buttress along the Carlin Fm. and bedrock contactto reinforce the lower clay-rich sub-units. The result is a stable highwall withinthe Carlin Fm. following nearly ten years of repeated slope instability, and anexample of the necessity to conduct appropriate geotechnical and hydrogeolog-ical studies during the early stages of a new layback evaluation or new open pitdevelopment.

9:25 AMEffective Stress And Pore Pressures : Their Role in Pit SlopeStability, Depressurization and Dewatering

S. O’Neill; Industrial Water, Schlumberger Water Services, Burnaby,BC, CanadaHydromechanical coupling links groundwater, recharge and pit slope material.Pore water controls deformation of porous media and deformation of porousmedia affects pore fluid pressures and flows by changing hydraulic conductivityand storage. The hydrogeological parameters used for the initial slope designwill not be valid during pit development due to constant changing stress.Hydromechanical coupling considers both hydrogeologic and geotechnic inter-action as a slope is mined out and depressurised. Deformation due to drainageand reduction of pore pressure can be due to hydromechanical coupling resultsin an increase in effective stress, leading to a reduction in fracture aperture andhydraulic conductivity. This results in a reduction in rock volume and consolida-tion. The implications are that slope deformation is largely inelastic and due tocreep and slip on structures, causing a change in rock mass and hydraulic prop-erties and are due to indirect hydromechanical coupling; and that elastic andcreep slope movements cause the greatest change in hydraulic conductivity andstorativity. Recognition of the early stages of slope movement are important forpit slope management.

9:45 AMHighwall Crest Pinning at the Cresson Mine Project, Victor, Colorado: A Case Study

E. Munroe and C. Nealy; Cripple Creek and Victor Gold Mining Company, Victor, COThe southeast ramp of the Cresson Pit was predicted to have an unacceptablyhigh probability of failure due to planar-type crest failures on in-pit dippingjoint structures. These bench-scale instabilities could have significantly reducedhaul road width which would have impacted mine traffic and production. A de-sign to mechanically stabilize the crest of the ramp with grouted pins was de-vised and successfully implemented. The unbalanced forces transferred to thepins were estimated utilizing the fracture shear strength, discontinuity orienta-tions, and expected block sizes. Pin spacing schedules were compared with theshear and bending strengths of the pins to generate safety factors. Worn blast-hole drill rods were utilized as pins to lower the cost of the project. One hundredpins were installed over a three-hundred foot section and grouted in place be-fore excavation of the ramp. The pins are 25 feet long, 5 ½ inches in diameter,and were installed 5 feet behind the crest. After excavation the pins continue tosupport the ramp crest to allow planned pit progression, two-way haul trucktraffic, and create a break in the slope for future rock fall protection.

10:05 AMThe Successful Implemention of Slope Stability Radar in Open-pit Mines for Safety-critical Slope Monitoring

D. Noon; GroundProbe Pty Ltd, Windsor, QLD, AustraliaFor open-cut mining, the most demanding application for a slope stability moni-toring system is safety-critical monitoring, where the safety of mining personneland equipment could be immediately at risk. By nature safety-critical monitor-ing imposes more demand on technology and system requirements to ensurethe most correct and robust slope failure measurement and alarming is pro-vided. This is best achieved with a monitoring system that can monitor the slopewith broad area coverage using negligible processing complexity and data load,and imposing minimal constraints on the positioning of the monitoring systemwithin the pit relative to high risk failure areas. During a decade of successfullyworking with the global mining industry in some of the most remote, challeng-ing and varied environments, the slope stability radar technology has been vali-dated as the global best practice for safety-critical monitoring. This paper ex-plains the successful implementation of slope stability radar in open-pit minesto provide the best capability for robust alarming, simple point-and-click functionality and straightforward processing for managing safety-critical slope monitoring.

10:25 AMThree-dimensional Slope Stability Analysis of Block SlidingSlope Failure at the Pikeview Quarry, El Paso County, Colorado

J. Varnier1 and J. Cremeens2; 1MWH Americas, Inc., Fort Collins, COand 2Engineering Analytics, Inc., Fort Collins, COSuccessive slope failures that occurred in 2008 and 2009 at the Pikeview Quarryin El Paso County, Colorado, USA were investigated using three-dimensional dis-crete element modeling methods. Large scale block sliding failures occurred

This is the Technical Program as of September 15, 2013. IT IS SUBJECT TO CHANGE. Please see the Onsite Program for final details.

TECHNICAL PROGRAMalong weak bedding planes that dip steeply in an excavation located at the toe ofthe slope. Several mining sequences at the toe of the slope were simulated toevaluate the effects of various degrees of extraction and backfill on slope stabil-ity. Slope stability back analysis was conducted using pre- and post-failure con-ditions to determine the joint shear strength properties. Laboratory testing wasalso conducted to determine intact rock properties. Three-dimensional discreteelement analysis was uniquely applicable to this evaluation because it allowedrepresentation of shear stress of the basal sliding surface and it afforded evalua-tion of several widths of extraction and backfill at the toe of the slope.

10:45 AMInnovative Way to Evaluate Probability of Slope Failure UsingThree Different Methods: Traditional Geological Survey,Photogrammetry, and Three-point Method

E. Kim; University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UTA geotechnical investigation has been carried out to explore the probability ofslope failure in a mine in the Southern Utah. This study evaluates the stability ofslopes and maps rock fall hazards through modeling bedding and joints atti-tudes using DIPS program. Traditional geological survey was combined withdata derived from digital terrestrial photogrammetry and three-point method.Stereo photographic pair of slopes was acquired from a high-resolution camera.Data from photogrammetry, topographic measurement and three-point methodwere then integrated to build a digital model of the slope, to characterize therock mass and block geometry and to define possible failure model.

11:05 AMBack-analysis of a Major Spoil Failure at an Open Pit Lignite Mine

J. Greenwood1, L. Workman2 and M. Haggerty1; 1Barr Engineering Co.,Edina, MN and 2Barr Engineering Co., Bismarck, NDA large spoil pile failure occurred in an open pit lignite mine during mining op-erations. A forensic geotechnical investigation and subsequent slope stabilityanalysis were performed. Supporting laboratory testing coupled with a back-analysis indicated that the long-term, drained shear strength of a native basalclaystone/shale must have been mobilized during the failure, whereas localpractice for similar mining applications in this geologic environment is to usethe undrained shear strength for fine-grained materials. Further investigationindicated the presence of fissures and slickensides in the basal high-plasticityshale near the failure area but not as a result of the observed deformation. Theback-analysis employed limit equilibrium modeling in addition to deformationmodeling using FLAC. As part of the FLAC modeling, a strain-softening constitu-tive model was incorporated to simulate progressive failure and complex exca-vation sequencing. This paper provides a description of the failure and a summary of the forensic geotechnical investigation, laboratory testing, and back-analysis performed. Conclusions regarding the cause of the failure are provided.

11:25 AMRock Mass Fracture network Modeling Using Both Remotely andManually Mapped Data

P. Kulatilake1, J. Zheng2, B. Shu3 and T. Sherizadeh4; 1Geological Engineering, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ; 2University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ; 3University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ and 4University of Arizona, Tucson, AZUnique survey equipment which has the capability to function as a total station,laser scanner and a camera has been used to map discontinuities remotely in anopen pit mine in USA. The obtained photographs of the mine face have been usedto identify discontinuity sets appearing in the rock mass. Each scanned point re-sulting from laser scanning provides X-Y-Z three dimensional coordinates in arectangular cartesian coordinate system. These values are used to compute theorientation, size, spacing and one-dimensional intensity of each discontinuityset. The orientation, size and one-dimensional intensity estimates are then usedto compute three dimensional intensities for each discontinuity set. The orienta-tion distribution is obtained for each discontinuity set. The best probability dis-tribution is obtained for discontinuity size of each discontinuity set. The orienta-tion data of discontinuities also have been available for this study throughmanual mapping conducted independently by the mining company. Very goodcomparisons have been obtained for orientation distributions obtained throughremote and manual mapping.

MInInG & EXPLORATIOn: Kennecott Copper’s Manefay Slide: Part II

9:00AM , Tuesday, February 25chair: Brad Ross, Kennecott utah copper, South jordan, uT

9:00 AMIntroductions

9:05 AMPlanning a Hundred year Old Mine All Over Again

Jon Warner, Joan Danninger, Denee Hayes, and Brad RossAlthough the Bingham Pit Mine is over 100 Hundred Years old, the Manefayslide significantly changed the size and shape of the mine in just a few minutes.The resulting changes required new short term plans to remediate the slide toresume mine production as well as medium and long term plans to return themine to full production. Not only were new plan needed – they were needed ina hurry to return the mine to production as fast as possible. To meet the goal ofquickly building all new plans for a mine as large as Bingham Pit required a largenumber of planning resources both inside and outside the company. Engineerswere brought in from the corporate office, other mines, consulting firms as wellas software companies. A number of tools were utilized including MineSight,Whittle, and Comet and even a new tool called MSSO from MineSight was uti-lized to schedule the equipment and production. As a result of the efforts fromthe many parties, new a new mine plan was produced in approximately threemonths of the slide. Although mine planning is never finished in a mine such asBingham Pit, the mine once again has plans that they can build upon to optimizeand improve the mine.

9:25 AMTeamwork and Increased Productivity After the Manefay

Nate Foster, Jim Mahfoud, and Amit WaliaThe Manefay slide not only changed the size and shape of the Bingham Pit, it alsochanged the way the mine operates and even the culture of the mine. After theslide, Mandate and Kaizen teams were utilized to identify waste in the processand eliminate any non-necessary non value added tasks. They focused on smallchanges that produce big impact to the business focusing on Muda (a Japaneseterm for waste) and productivity improvements to maximize production. Thecultural goal for the Kaizen projects is to rise to the occasion by empowering theworkforce to create change through a diverse team that is driven from the em-ployees performing the actual work on the ground. The results of these effortsinclude record breaking shovel productivities, reduced down times and im-provements in delays. These changes are critical for Bingham Pit not only to re-turn to full production but to remain competitive in the future. This paper dis-cusses some of the improvements that have been made as well as the methodsused to build team work and encourage operator input.

10:05 AMBusiness Continuity After the Manefay SlideAnna WileyKennecott Utah Copper is a fully integrated copper operation with over 2000 em-ployees located across four main production facilities (mine, concentrator,smelter and refinery) as well as number support areas. Following the Manefayslide all of the value chain was impacted by the reduced copper output at themine and needed to respond quickly to minimize losses. This session will discussthe Business Continuity planning that occurred and the significant efforts acrossthe value stream to reduce costs and maximize throughput post the slide. TheBusiness Improvement Group played an important co-pilot role in helping the or-ganization to focus, by ensuring critical priorities were clear and well resourced.Lean activities across all sites saw problems solved with the involvement of theworkforce and a renewed focus on efficiently. Examples will be included fromthe Mine Cornerstone operations, Concentrator, Smelter and Refinery.

11:05 AMKeeping People Safe After the SlideTodd Peterson and Jessica KozianThe single most remarkable result of the Manefay Slide is there were no deathsor injuries at the mine during or in the several months after the event occurred.This is especially impressive considering the number of new operating condi-tions, procedures and equipment that were implemented in a relatively short

This is the Technical Program as of September 15, 2013. IT IS SUBJECT TO CHANGE. Please see the Onsite Program for final details.

TECHNICAL PROGRAMperiod. These outcomes are a result of combination of factors such policies andprocedure around Risk Assessments, Management of Change, and ProcessSafety focus as well as a heightened focus on details and safety by employees andmanagement alike. This session will describe some of the methods used to antic-ipate safety issues and examples of how those methods were utilized to keeppeople safe while working in an environment of significant change.

MInInG & EXPLORATIOn:Management: Project Management

9:00 AM • Tuesday, February 25chair: J. Robertson, hatch, Phoeniz, aZ

9:00 AMIntroductions

9:05 AMA Three-Pronged Approach to Improving Mining OperationalPerformance

B. Wesner; Life Cycle Engineering, Charleston, SCIn addition to significant industry challenges - managing risk, complying withregulatory requirements, and addressing sustainability issues - mine operatorsface daily issues like employee turnover, long lead times, insufficient communi-cation, and inefficient movement of materials. This session offers a proven ap-proach to improve asset performance, re-engineer business processes and cre-ate a culture that embraces continuous improvement. As the highlighted casestudy will demonstrate, Mining Performance OptimizationSM integrates bestpractices from lean, asset management and change management. This approachfocuses on tactical, hands-on changes necessary to remove issues that stand inthe way of improving mine output and bottom line financial performance.Learning Objectives 1. Understand why a focused improvement effort needs toinclude asset management, lean best practices and change management princi-ples 2. Understand different loss elimination strategies and how they’re applied3. Learn what effective change management best practices really look like andhow they can improve mine productivity 4. From a case study review, learnwhat difference a three-pronged approach can make

9:25 AMTBM Selection Using Fuzzy AHP and Fuzzy TOPSIS

A. Yazdani-Chamzini1 and K. Oraee2; 1Mining, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Islamic Republic of Iran and 2Mining, Stirling, Stirling, United KingdomTunnel boring machines (TBMs) are one of the mechanized drilling tools thathave grown because they have good performance. Selection type of TBM de-pends on the various parameters that some of these parameters are in conflictwith each other. Therefore, TBM selection process is very complex. There aredifferent methods for decision making and selection that can mention methodssuch as multi criteria decision making, Fuzzy logic and Expert System methods.AHP and TOPSIS methods of the subsets of multi criteria decision makingmethod are appropriate tools for selection under the complicated circum-stances. On the other hand due to exist uncertainty in the collection of informa-tion, using fuzzy approach is useful. In this paper a combination approach FuzzyAHP and Fuzzy TOPSIS is used to select optimized TBM for water transfer tunnelof Dashte Zahab. The results show double shield TBM is the most appropriateTBM for this tunnel.

9:45 AMA Cost Estimate Model for Raise Boring Machine (RBM) Using aHybrid Model of Regression and neural networks

A. Yazdani-Chamzini1 and K. Oraee2; 1Mining, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Islamic Republic of Iran and 2Mining, Stirling, Stirling, United KingdomCost estimate is one of the most important parts relevant to the design of variousprojects, especially mine projects. Cost estimate is done by different methods.Among them are econometric and artificial intelligence models. These methodshave been expanded because many of these models are also easy and fast to ac-complish. The results of these models are useful for pre-feasibility and feasibilitystudies. The performance of every one of these methods have relative advan-tages, therefore the combination models can be more advantages. In this paper

the regression and neural network models have been combined to provide a cost estimate model for raise boring machine (RBM). The results showhigh correlation and low error of model. In the presented model R2 and RMSEare 0.998 and 34.87 respectively.

10:05 AMPresenting a Model for Risk Assessment in Mining Projects usingFuzzy AHP and Fuzzy TOPSIS Methods

M. Basiri1 and R. Mehrpouyan2; 1Mining, Tarbiat Modares University,Tehran, Islamic Republic of Iran and 2Mining Engineering, IslamicAzad University-south Branch, Tehran, Islamic Republic of IranMining projects are considered as a high-risk industry. Evaluating and rating ofrisks when productive risk factors are high is considered as one of the most im-portant as well as complex risk management processes. Rating project risks isthe key section of evaluation phase in risk management process. Therefore,identifying and prioritizing risks have a significant role in success of a project.The main goal of this study is to present a model for identifying and rating therisks. For this reason firstly, the risks are identified by the technique of riskbreakdown structure. In the next step, ten indices are determined in order to as-sess the risks. The experts’ ideas and comments have been collected by prepar-ing a double comparison questionnaire of the indices and a questionnaire for de-cision-making which are based on risk breakdown structure. Finally, by utilizingthe Fuzzy AHP-Fuzzy Technique for Order Preference by Similarity to IdealSolution, as a composite approach, risks have been rated. As the result the riskswill be classified based on the presented model. It presents a more realistic androbust results compared to other methods of decision making.

10:25 AMDilution: Human Error

M. Javier; EnviroMINE, Denver, COIn business mining dilution is the results of the operating parameters that oc-curs too often & causes serious consequences to mine performance, questioningto whom benefits dilution. Mining persists in changing perception of real mean-ing of dilution. The lack of interrelation between mineral processes & naturecompromises understanding of dilution. Nature provides limited metals in lowcontent deposits; it is a challenge to obtain them. Nature never considers dilu-tion. Furthermore, though it is a human concept, dilution is accepted & pro-moted. Reality of dilution is in its errors accumulation that translates into tech-nology level applied in nature. It is doubtful that dilution can continue survivingif it is “meaningless”. It will discourse Is dilution illegal? It is important to touchcores of the business; otherwise, it would represent repetition of the same “neg-ative” effects. Mining defines many losses during disturbance of nature, fromNPV to metal recovery, demanding better design. This paper introduces & ap-plies management by loss, as first steps, to reduce risks & uncertainties in min-ing. Management dilution will present mining practice which promotes charac-ter of sustainability.

MInInG & EXPLORATIOn:Management: Stakeholder Engagement and

Corporate Responsibility I9:00 AM • Tuesday, February 25

chair: R. Barickman, Rio Tinto eagle Mine, Marquette, MI

9:00 AMIntroductions

9:05 AMUnity of Place: Giving Birth to Community Environmental Monitoring

P. Plastrik2 and C. Lessard1; 1Communities, Eagle Mine, Marquette, MIand 2Innovation Network for Communities, Beaver Island, MINo matter how environmentally sound a mining project is, it can still be hard toconvince the general public, especially the opposition, that the data presented isaccurate and factual. Eagle Mine, in Michigan’s Upper Peninsula, faced this issue.While its operation is classified as “World Class”, it was difficult to convey its su-perior environmental statistics to the public without the assumptions that theywere being skewed. To fix this issue, an agreement was made. SuperiorWatershed Partnership and Eagle Mine, working with the Marquette CountyCommunity Foundation, set up independent community monitoring of the

This is the Technical Program as of September 15, 2013. IT IS SUBJECT TO CHANGE. Please see the Onsite Program for final details.

TECHNICAL PROGRAMenvironment surrounding Eagle’s mining operations. Under this agreement, a program of environmental monitoring was established, funded by Eagle Mine,which was independent of the company. This Community EnvironmentalMonitoring Program is controlled and run by community organizations that arecommitted to the environment of the region. The workings of the program andthe information it generates are open to public view. Eagle believes that this isthe best way to build public confidence and trust in its operations.

9:25 AMAn Elliott Wave Theory Framework to Manage Early Socio-Economic Trends in Mine Development

B. Marsh1, B. Marsh2 and B. Marsh3; 1Environmental & Sustainable Solutions, Gilbert, AZ; 2Dept. of Earth Sciences, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ and 3Dept. of Mining, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZPublic Information and participation is now an integrated part of any mine de-velopment and yet virtually every new (and existing) mining project has con-flicts and challenges with key stakeholders. With all the tools and experience ofthe past how is it possible that new and old mines are being tripped up so oftenby relatively small groups? Using Elliott Wave Theory a mine development canbe viewed in advancing and correcting waves. Key risk issues can then be identi-fied early. When proper resources and training for key mining company repre-sentatives is provided then the risks can be greatly decreased. Projects can stayon schedule when stakeholders are integrated into the planning processthrough trust building engagement. This paper uses Elliott Wave Theory andspecific case study examples to identify the main aspects that will lead to suc-cessful stakeholder engagement including: planning stakeholder involvement,capacity building in the company, identifying and engaging stakeholders (before, during and after the mine), capacity building and alignment within thecommunities, understanding benefits and risks of public involvement, and finally common mistakes.

9:45 AMSustainability of Artisanal Mining in namibia

B. Ross; Mine Technical Services, Kennecott Copper Company, South Jordan, UTInteractions between the mining industry and artisanal miners have becomemore common as large scale mining companies explore and exploit mineral de-posits in developing countries. These interactions can result either in conflictwhen there is competition for land and resources or in cooperation when miningcompanies consider artisanal miners to be a solution to sustainability issues. Ineither case an understanding of issues that drive the artisanal miners is neededto develop productive relationships. This paper discusses artisanal mining inNamibia and the resulting Cycle of Poverty. An Artisanal Mining Process Modelis presented that describes factors that influence this Cycle of Poverty. ThisModel shows the relationship of four basic elements of artisanal mining: invest-ment, production, sales and consumption. The Model also describes how the ar-tisanal miners operate in various environments (physical, social/cultural, andpolitical). The Model can be used to develop an understanding of the challengesfacing artisanal miners so mining companies can effectively interact and developsuccessful sustainability programs with artisanal miners.

10:05 AMMining and Environmental Educational Modules for Tribal Colleges

C. Koch and K. Chief; University of Arizona, Tucson, AZAmerican Indian lands contain a vast amount of both renewable and non-renew-able resources and have consequently been mined. Therefore, it is understand-able why tribes are concerned about environmental impacts and the ability tomanage their resources. This has created a need to better understand mining.Mining Educational modules are being developed for tribal colleges that focus onenvironmental impacts of mining, remediation of mining wastes, and sociocultu-ral impacts of mining. These will be independently packaged units of study de-signed to enhance the learning process and can be modified and adapted to dif-ferent learning scenarios and objectives. In addition to providing specializedknowledge, the modules feature hands on activities, incorporation of technology,student involvement, discussion, and exchange of ideas. Modules will incorporatetraditional ecological knowledge and approaches that promote effective sciencelearning for native students. Modules will be designed to augment existing asso-ciates of science programs (e.g. biology, chemistry) currently offered at tribal col-leges and can be modified for use in K-12 education and for non-tribal audiences.

10:25 AMStakeholder Intelligence Through Web Mining Social Media

S. Dessureault1, C. Kasbekar2, A. Mane2 and W. Rogers2; 1Mining andGeological Engineering, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ and 2Stakeholder Listening & Analysis, LLC., Tucson, AZSocial Media is fast becoming a key technology for both marketing products aswell as and political activism. Most urban citizens are disconnected from themineral production process and hence rarely value mines or their benefits interms of jobs or needed raw materials. As a consequence, significant activism,often originating from non-local sources, block or attempt to limit mineral de-velopment projects, even those far from the urban centers, through misinfor-mation and strategies that have proven successful elsewhere. The slow re-sponse by mineral companies, on account of their understandably highlycontrolled, polished, and legalistic means of communication to the community,is impacting the permitting or mine development creating far more complexity,risk, and delay. Furthermore, misinformation can be spread quickly through so-cial media, and can metastasize into an uncontrollable negative message that ischallenging to disprove. By using the power of modern data mining and socialmedia, mineral development firms can better understand and address stake-holder concerns, building and empowering an independent third party, a socialnetwork of proponents.

MInInG & EXPLORATIOn:Operations: Mine to Mill Optimization I

9:00 AM • Tuesday, February 25chair: J. Eloranta, eloranta and associates, Tower, Mn

9:00 AMIntroductions

9:05 AMOptimizing your “Resource to Market” Supply Chain byEmbracing Variability in your Business

D. Spitty; Solveit, Schneider Electric, Mississauga, ON, CanadaThe mining industry is becoming increasingly dynamic and the time for plan-ning teams to react is decreasing - To optimize and streamline aspects such asore quality, throughput transport logistics scheduling and delivery to contract,they need to model and manage the value chain accurately to achieve a consol-idated, enterprise view of operational performance. The suggested Resource-to-Market approach is a highly flexible, user-configurable supply chain man-agement system for the mining and metal industries. It has specificfunctionality for a range of mining environments, including stockpile manage-ment, advanced blending, transport scheduling, demand and supply planning,maintenance planning, scenario management, trade-off analysis, intelligent re-porting and automated notifications. This provides an integrated view of thesupply chain that supports the dynamic nature of planning in a mining com-pany, with the ability to optimize across all the functional areas of the opera-tion to enable optimal decision making for often competing objectives such asthroughput, quality, cost, revenue and profit.

9:25 AMPotential Solutions for Mining Inventory & Tracking Challenges

R. Witucki; Industry, Schneider Electric, Alpharetta, GADisorder or variation in inventory data can be a common occurrence in miningoperations, but it results in poor data. These discrepancies can derive from com-mon events such as a drift in instrumentation or late arrival of data due to re-liance on inventory sources that don’t operate in real-time, such as batch-basedor truck/fleet management systems. When relied upon as a source of informa-tion, poor data that is not effectively managed can impair decision making. If noteffectively corrected, poor data can result in mining operations relying on datadisplaying incorrect stock levels, production figures, genealogy or quality calcu-lations. In addition, it may require time consuming manual work, often by highlyskilled engineers, resulting in a substantial drain on costly resources. The objective of this paper is to show common inventory problems faced by miningindustries and potential technical solutions to address such challenges.

This is the Technical Program as of September 15, 2013. IT IS SUBJECT TO CHANGE. Please see the Onsite Program for final details.

TECHNICAL PROGRAM9:45 AMReal Time 3D Fragmentation Size, Volume, and DensityMeasurement for Conveyors

R. Davenport1, J. Handy2 and J. Kemeny1; 1University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ and 2Split Engineering, Tucson, AZThe mensuration of rock fragment size at different stages of the mineral pro-cessing stream is a challenge for mine optimization. New 3D imaging technolo-gies and morphological image processing techniques provide new analysis op-portunities in this area. This paper presents research on the use of 3D surfacedata for particle sizing, material volume, and density measurement on conveyorbelts. A SICK 3D laser profiler able to collect 30,000 3D profiles per second wasused to scan crusher material in production settings at three mine sites. Fromthis data a real time volume calculation and particle identification and sizing al-gorithm was developed. Results are better than manual inspection of 2D images.Using weightometer readings, it was possible to calculate loose material density.Tests to understand the effect of particle packing on measured loose densityshowed that loose density of the same material is representative of true materialdensity. The use of 3D data has shown to increase the accuracy and utility of thefragmentation monitoring system as well as provide new useful data.

10:05 AMEnergy-optimisation of Underground Mine Services Using Simulation

H. van Antwerpen1 and J. Greyling2; 1North-West University, Potchefstroom, South Africa and 2AngloGold Ashanti, Potchefstroom,South AfricaCurrent South African gold and platinum mines use mostly drilling and blastingfor ore removal. The rockdrills in such operations need compressed air andwater, while chilled water is required for cooling ventilation air. Water for theworkplace coolers (finned tube heat exchangers) and the rockdrills are typicallysupplied from the same chilled water pipeline, so that there is a tradeoff be-tween the number of rockdrills and number of coolers. Furthermore, heatpickup along haulages depends on the chilled water flow rate and temperature.This paper shows how recently developed systems simulation technology canfind optimal conditions for such situations and test alternative operating meth-ods. A simulation model of the mine water and ventilation air network was setup to include flow- and temperature dependent heat load from rock, as well aspressure drop to calculate the number of rockdrills that could be supplied.Refrigeration cost was minimised by varying chilled water temperature andflow rate. The system-level refrigeration and pumping cost was also determinedfor several water flow control methods through the workplace coolers.

10:25 AMOptimizing Mine Operations Through Improved Transfer Chute Performance

D. Wood and B. Lord; Flexco, Woodridge, ILTo achieve production targets from the Capcoal complex in Central QueenslandAustralia, Anglo Coal Australia needed to remove the bottlenecks and improvethe flexibility of its coal handling plant (CHP) associated with the original andadditional coal processing plants (CPP). In the early stages of operation, it be-came evident that the CHP conveyor transfer chutes were a major impedimentto the full realisation of the CPPs’ capacities because of chutes that failed to per-form and transfer systems that did not deliver the required operational flexibil-ity. Flexco provided proposals to remove the bottlenecks and improve opera-tional flexibility. Over a two year period, Flexco replaced 19 transfer pointsdesigned with Tasman Warajay™ Technology. The issues resolved included:transfer chutes that blocked consistently; the inability to online switch and orsplit streams and the lack of central loading of the stackers’ boom conveyors.This presentation will focus on the coal handling plant’s improved flexibility,which allows any product or mixes of them to be delivered to any stockpile; howFlexco designed the eventual solutions; and the chute work supplied to overcome the issues.

MInInG & EXPLORATIOn:Technology: Automation in Mining II

9:00 AM • Tuesday, February 25chair: D. Rosenbach, atlas copco, commerce city, co

9:00 AMIntroductions

9:05 AM“Toy Story” – The Mining Version

G. Petrov and T. Alexieva; MWH, Broomfield, COMining companies are increasing production rates. The pits are getting deeper,the waste rock dumps and tailing storage facilities – larger. The roads are get-ting longer. New flotation plants and mining facilities have been added to exist-ing operations. The rapid changes in the facilities and environment are in effect.Will a good visualization of these new changes help engineers during the designprocess? Can it help with sensitivity evaluations or comparing different scenar-ios, or maybe presenting in front of the board or during a public hearing? Theanimation techniques have been added to various mining software’s. The visual-ization is getting easier and does not require a big effort and time. But the effectand results of the visualization are big. What the next step could be? This paperwill answer those questions. An example of a 3D modeling of mine facilities willbe presented and the evaluation of options and decision making process illustrated.

9:25 AMIntelligent Control and Energy Savings in Pumping Applications

J. Creamer; Industry, Schneider Electric, Alpharetta, GAPumps and Pumping Equipment consume close to 25% of all energy associatedwith motor driven loads, and represent more than 50% of all potential energysavings. In mining pumps are used in multiple process applications includingraw water supply, leach solutions, dewatering, and mine drainage. EnergyEfficiency and Energy Management are both critical to the environment andbeneficial to the bottom line, including numerous utility driven incentives forenergy reduction. In addition, the DOE issued a recent announcement that theyare now evaluating Pump and Pump System efficiency which has elevated thevisibility of energy savings potential in this arena. To optimize energy savings inpumping applications, a closed loop system that measures, provides short termupgrades and long term improvements with ongoing monitoring have demon-strated that energy savings of 30+% can be attained. The objective of this paperis to provide an overview of various “Pump System” options that can help companies optimize energy consumption of Pumping Systems involved in theirmining applications.

9:45 AMHow a Robotic Laboratory Improved Geo Metallurgy, Ore Characterization and Blast Hole Analysis, A Case Study

L. Sasse1 and K. Ausburn2; 1Automation, FLSmidth, Midvale, UT and2Ore Characterisation Laboratory, FLSmidth, Midvale, UTAutomation in the laboratory can provide many benefits, including reduction inoperating costs, improved analysis reliability, reduced turnaround time and areduction in operational hazards. In a recent mineralogical robotic laboratoryinstallation in Salt Lake City, Utah, these benefits are assessed and presented.The paper first describes the robotic laboratory and rationale behind the config-uration, then quantifies the benefits generated by the robotic laboratory.

10:05 AMGetting Mobile Fleet Information from Older Equipment

F. Mielli1 and K. Short2; 1Industry, Schneider Electric, Alpharetta, GAand 2Industry, Schneider Electric, Casper, WYHeavy mining equipment, also referred to as mobile assets, is a huge cost tomines in terms of maintenance and operations. How effective the equipment op-erates has a direct impact on the mine’s bottom line profitability. Any miningequipment comes with a large array of sensors on board. These sensors, detectand deliver basic information: Hour timers, fluid levels, fluid temperatures, geartemperatures, fluid pressures, and tire pressures to name a few. These valuesare then displayed through various analog gauges. Unfortunately, very often,this collection of information isn’t obtained and displayed using the best

This is the Technical Program as of September 15, 2013. IT IS SUBJECT TO CHANGE. Please see the Onsite Program for final details.

TECHNICAL PROGRAMtechnology currently available and not integrated with other mine systems andmobile assets (trucks, excavators, fuel stations). This lack of information bringslimits for asset utilization, maintenance and fleet optimization. The objective ofthis paper is to propose a cost-effective upgrade solution for old mobile assets tomake them smarter, as well solutions to integrate this information with othermining systems to deliver more optimized mining operations.

MInInG & EXPLORATIOn:Technology: Underground Mining Projects

and Innovation II9:00 AM • Tuesday, February 25

chair: A. nieto, Penn State university, university Park, Pa

9:00 AMIntroductions

9:05 AMTactical Shut-off Value Strategies for Panel Cave Mines

T. Bui; Dassault Systems Geovia, Vancouver, BC, CanadaThe shut-off value for a panel cave mine determines when a draw point will beshut-off and mining will cease from that draw point. Using a shut-off value strat-egy for a panel cave mine is similar to using a cut-off value strategy for an open-pit mine. This paper will discuss different shut-off value strategies that an engi-neer can use when planning a panel cave mine to increase the net present valueof the project. Using a shut-off value equal to the mining and processing cost willprovide the total mining reserves for a panel cave mine given a specific foot-print. When the net present value analysis method is used to compare one de-sign to another then using a shut-off value greater than the mining and process-ing cost will have a higher NPV. This strategy will replace the marginal ore at thetop of a draw column with higher grade ore at the bottom of newly opened drawpoints. Varying the shut-off value over the life of the mine can increase the NPV.This strategy would have a high shut-off value during the early stages of a mineand low shut-off value during the later stages.

9:25 AMImplementing Deswik Design and Scheduling Software atnewmont’s Leeville Operation

P. Haarala and K. Reed; Newmont, Elko, NVLeeville is 3500TPD longhole stope gold mine in Northern Nevada for NewmontMining Corporation. Late 2012 Newmont made a global move to replace Mine2-4D software with the Deswik software suite. Long range designs are done inVulcan and then imported into Deswik where all the scheduling and dependen-cies are created. Long range planning has taken advantage of Deswik’s powerful“Auto-Rules” that have cut the manual dependency creation process by roughly2/3 the previous time. Deswik’s powerful solids handling, interactive filteringability, and ease of updating designs for the short term has greatly improvedschedule accuracy and flexibility. Updated short term designs can quickly bechanged to reflect actual schedule impacts. Many other tools within the DeswikCAD have helped increase designer’s productivity because of its ability to handlecomplex solids rapidly and effectively. Deswik scheduler can also output necessary files to use with Mirarco’s SOT (schedule optimizer). A timeline of theimplementation and transition will also be discussed.

9:45 AMInstrumented Roof-bolter for Ground Characterization andSupport Optimization

A. Naeimipour1, S. Bahrampour2 and J. Rostami1; 1Energy and Mineral Engineering, Pennsylvania State University, State College, PAand 2Electrical Engineering, Pennsylvania State University, State College, PAOne of the basic requirements for designing an optimized rock support for anunderground opening is having reasonably enough geological information. It isoften financially impractical to obtain detailed geological information about therock surrounding the excavations. The geological and geotechnical informationwhich are obtained during the construction phase are also usually inadequateand need periodic operation stoppage. Penn State University- J.H. Fletcher & Co.joint venture is to improve the existing instrumented roofbolter so that the 3Dgeological and geotechnical map of the rock mass surrounding the undergroundworking can be generated real-time as the data is being collected. This informa-

tion will also be used to design appropriate support for different sections ofmines. In this paper, recent results in improving the performance of the meas-urement while drilling system will be discussed. Moreover, updates related toborehole probing methods for estimating the properties of the rock masses willbe presented.

10:05 AMStep-Change Belt Conveyor TechnologiesM. Lurie and S. Kasper; Thyssendrupp Robins, Greenwood Village, COThe rate at which depths and tonnages are increasing for both surface and un-derground mines presents economic and technical challenges for ore and wastehaulage. This presentation introduces three new ThyssenKrupp belt-conveyortechnologies for application in open pits, incline tunnels and vertical shafts, re-spectively. Each of these approaches promises step-change reductions in capitalcost, operating costs or operational risk, compared to current methods. (Patentsare pending.)

10:25 AMThe Quantitative Relationship Between Seismic Events andnumber of Sensors Based on Synthetic Data Sets in CO2Sequestration Lifetime

E. Sun and E. Westman; Mining Dept., Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VAAs large supercritical carbon dioxide (CO2) being injected into full scale storageprojects, the leakage could occur anywhere over a wide area and the CO2plumes could induce microseismic events. It would not make a sense to recon-figure the entire monitoring sensor network each time for the cost and effi-ciency matters. To adequately monitor new CO2 plume changes in potential sub-surface that could negatively impact of the CO2 storage reservoir caprockintegrity. This paper is going to develop an efficient algorithm to evaluate syn-thetic data sets to determine feasibility method to establish the quantitative re-lationship between microseismic events and number of sensors. The laboratoryexperiments will be designed to provide a simple, practical and effective methodof placing additional sensors to improve the precision of the plume location esti-mator and also be superior to other possible sensor positions. The expected re-search results can be used in the CO2 capture and sequestration (CCS) projectsto modify the monitoring sensor network cost-efficiently to make the CO2 injec-tion project much safer.

10:45 AMSeismic Velocity Variations Before and After the Main Shocks inDeep Underground Mining

X. Ma and E. Westman; Mining and Mineral Engineering, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VAPassive seismic monitoring is a useful tool for measuring wave propagation inrock mass in deep underground mining. About 20000 mining – induced seismicevents are identified and investigated in Creighton Mine. The travel times ofsource-receiver pairs of them allow us to demonstrate temporal change in ve-locity. It is found that the average P wave velocity is about 6000 m/s in the min-ing region of Creighton Mine. Weekly inversions during the 3 months before andafter the main shocks show a significant decrease of the average seismic wavevelocity. The sudden drop of average velocity change after the main shocks im-plies the creation of new fractures in the rock mass due to the main shocks.Afterward, the average velocity increase to a normal level after two weeks. Anexplanation for the postseismic velocity increase is that opened cracks recoverto close due to crack healing.

11:05 AMAssessment and Detection of Loose Rock Hazards inUnderground Metal Mines Using Thermal Imaging

S. Iverson and S. Signer; OMSHR, NIOSH, Spokane, WAFall of ground accidents continue to be a source of injury in underground metalmines. Most of these accidents occur at a new face where drilling and blastingmethods are used. A review of the MSHA accident database indicates that a ma-jority of these accidents are caused by rocks falling from the back, rib, and face.Detection of potentially loose rock could improve the scaling process and resultin fewer rock falls. Infrared thermal imaging cameras have been investigatedover the years as a tool for loose rock detection. As early as 1966, work was con-ducted underground to test that technology and most recently to combine thetechnology with other loose rock indicator tools to improve the safety of minersmaking ground safe. Infrared thermal imaging camera technology was tried todetect loose rock conditions at six underground metal mines in the western U.S.The infrared images show a visual temperature difference between loose rock

This is the Technical Program as of September 15, 2013. IT IS SUBJECT TO CHANGE. Please see the Onsite Program for final details.

TECHNICAL PROGRAMand intact rock. Detecting loose rock was difficult when the temperature of therock was very close to the air temperature. Loose rock was detected when rockwas both warmer and cooler than the air temperature.

Research: Innovations from Exhibitors9:00 AM • Tuesday, February 25

chair: Madan M. Singh, bureau of Land Management, battle Mountain, nV

9:00 AMIntroductions

9:05 AMDerrick Stack-Sizer® in Grinding Circuits

Steven B Valine and David Perkins, Derrick CorporationFor many decades grinding circuits in mineral processing plants have been oneof the largest consumers of energy as a unit operation. At Derrick, we are takingan innovative approach to improving the efficiency of grinding circuits by re-placing age-old technology such as screw classifiers and hydro-cyclones withhigh-frequency screens. It was proven long ago that screens make a much moreefficient separation of particles by size than almost any other means and manyplant personnel rely on screens in their labs for accurate particle size analysis.Derrick has taken this to a commercial/industrial scale for use in grinding cir-cuits of any size and tonnage. Our experience has shown that by increasing theefficiency of the classifier, then overall efficiency of the circuit also increases. Insome cases where multiple ball mills are employed, the increase in separationefficiency has enable the operator to idle the ball mills while at a minimum,maintaining plant throughput and either maintaining or improving mineral re-coveries and other downstream benefits. The energy savings alone are a para-digm shift in mineral processing plant design. Our presentation will showcaseactual plant data from grinding circuits that made the conversion to screens.

9:25 AMEcosystem Services Approach for Impact Assessment, Mitigationand Management for Mine Development Projects

Greg Reub, Senior Ecologist, Environ International Corp., Olympia, WA; Gretchen Green, Senior Economist, Portland OR;David Heinze, Senior Engineer, Denver, COA precedent -setting framework of analyzing Ecosystem Services was developedbased on World Bank Performance Standard 6 (PS 6), which is a recent require-ment for development of an Environmental and Social Impact Assessment(ESIA). This approach considers the benefits or services that people gain fromthe natural environment and provides a comprehensive way to integrate techni-cal areas and overall project impacts, focus and clarify impact assessmentprocess and integrate components of major impact assessment documents(ESIA, Management Plans and Action Plans), address concerns of project stake-holders, and prioritize, monitoring, and compliance data in management overlife of the project.

9:45 AMAnalysis of Light Elements Using Portable XRF Analyzers

A. Somarin, ThermofisherUse of portable X-ray florescence (PXRF) in exploration and mining has acceler-ated tremendously in the last decade. PXRF instruments can analyze elementsfrom Mg to U and applications cover everything from base metals to preciousmetals and recently oil/gas exploration and production. Analysis of light ele-ments (Mg, Al, Si, S, P) has always been a unique challenge for PXRF. The lack ofpenetrating power contributes to a high attenuation rate of x-rays and often ne-cessitates a well-prepared, hom*ogeneous sample and/or an air-free environ-ment. The Thermo Scientific Niton Field X-ray Lab (FXL) has an optional He-purge function and is now equipped with the new z-CAL calibration to enableusers to generate fast and reliable assays for light elements which is importantin oil and gas, iron ore, phosphate, limestone, coal, and other mining fields.

10:05 AMDevelopment of an On-site Mineralogy Solution for Metallurgists

Dirk van der Wal, FEI, Eindhoven, The Netherlands.Ore Mineralogy and texture are primary variables controlling base and preciousmetal recoveries. Yet 99% of mineral processing plants operate blind from amineralogical perspective, with access only to a snapshot of recovery perform-ance by mineral species, grind size and liberation, based on occasional monthlycomposite sample analysis carried out in central technology laboratories or atservice providers. A development is ongoing to enable the generation of dailyAutomated Mineralogy data (QEMSCAN or MLA) on-site, with a turn-aroundtime of around 24 hours. Results from first field tests will be presented, thathave pointed to enormous opportunity in baseline recovery and in managing theeffects of daily variability of ore quality and flotation control.

10:25 AMMaximize Heap Leach Site Mobility

Matt Hanson, Superior Industries, Morris, MNHeap leach mining operations continually seek greater capacity, continuous ma-terial flow, and reduced downtime. In any precious metal application – includinggold, copper and ore – these challenges are ongoing top-of-the-mind initiatives,particularly due to the complexity of stacking plans. Material handling equip-ment must be highly mobile and extremely flexible. And, for optimum perform-ance, more and more operations are utilizing integrated conveyor systems,which can be custom-engineered for the specific pad design. The speedy payback from the latter is measured in more tons per move, larger leach padfootprints and increased profitability.

10:45 AMTechnology’s Role in Overall Operational Efficiency in Miningand Mineral Process

Seth Gering and Alyson Cartwright, Mintec, Inc.Mining operations have seen a tremendous increase in the amount of data avail-able for monitoring the mine. This information is the result of multiple systemsand sensors located on the fleet, around the pit, and from desktop applications.Some of these solutions include: monitoring equipment health, automated rockfragmentation analysis from images, fleet management position monitoringusing GPS, digital geologic data mapped in the field with tablet PCs, and manymore. These data have an enormous potential for providing key metrics to minemanagers and helping to make data driven decisions for the mining process.However, actually using this information often requires manual extraction andprocessing in order to aggregate the information in a meaningful way – aprocess which often requires time and skill on the part of the user. Therefore,despite the enormous library of information, it is often difficult to organize andcentralize this information in order to generate meaningful metrics about theprocess. This paper illustrates a model for centralizing and storing informationfrom multiple systems based on a MineSight implementation case study atSierra Gorda, Chile. The tools and workflows put into place at the site are aimedat increasing efficiency and productivity by organizing the wealth of operationsdata in order to make data driven decisions.

11:05 AMIntelligent Products for Down Time Reduction in Mining

Michael Magerstaedt1, Florian Backherms2, Gunther Blitz2, DieterMeendermann3, 1ROSEN Swiss AG Switzerland; 2 ROPLAST GmbH, Germany, 3ROSEN Technology and Research Center GmbH, Germany One cause for very expensive downtime in mining is shutdown for refurbish-ment of wear protection. There needs to be enough safety in these intervals toallow for higher wear due to fluctuations in ore composition, temperature, andoperating conditions. Every day a shutdown is postponed earns significantmoney for the mine. Intelligent wear protection products from high perform-ance polyurethanes exhibiting not only a long design life but also providing real-time wear monitoring were developed. This presentation will describe field trialexperience with intelligent ball mill lifters in copper mines and demonstrate thesignificant savings intelligent lifters provide the operator with.

11:25 AMEvenFlo™ Feedwell

Jeff Easton, WesTech The EvenFlo™ feedwell induces consistent energy dissipation, controlling andequalizing feed distribution into the thickener. The result is enhanced floccula-

This is the Technical Program as of September 15, 2013. IT IS SUBJECT TO CHANGE. Please see the Onsite Program for final details.

TECHNICAL PROGRAMtion and optimal mixing. The WesTech EvenFlo design consists of a two-partfeedwell system. First, an inner chamber converts the feed energy into a con-centric radial flow. The main feedwell chamber then evenly distributes the feedinto the sedimentation zone of the thickener, minimizing short-circuiting andeliminating uneven coarse-fraction deposits. For new thickeners or upgrade toexisting equipment. The EvenFlo™ Feedwell corrects the following symptoms ofuneven feed distribution: Clarity problems due to short-circuiting, High floccu-lent consumption, Torque spikes due to uneven coarse-fraction deposits.

12:05 PMASGCO® Pro-Zone™

Aaron Gibbs, ASGCO, Allentown, PAThe ASGCO® Pro-Zone™ is a patent pending modular conveyor belt load-zonesystem that optimizes the sealing for air/dust tightness of the receiving con-veyor belt. This “skirt-less” fully self-contained system is comprised of ourSlide-N-Roll™ Beds , side guards, internal splash sealing system, dust curtainsand angled hoods (aluminum or steel) that completely enclose the entire sys-tem. Environmentally Friendly – significant reduction of airborne and fugitivedust, Increased Productivity – and longer conveyor belt life due to completelysealed load zone, Lower Maintenance Costs – “skirt-less”, fully contained systemneeds no skirtboard or skirting adjustments, Modular Design – removable dusthoods, slide-out side sections and removable center rolls.

12:25 PMDonaldson PowerCore® Family of Products for Mining DustCollection

Joe Kiolbasa, DonaldsonDonaldson® Torit® has recently introduced a family of PowerCore® dust col-lectors for the mining industry. These collectors utilize Donaldson’s newPowerCore filter pack technology where the filter media is configured into afluted design. This design allows more filter media to fit into a smaller space, re-sulting in one filter pack taking the place of 20 eight-foot tall baghouse bags, andthe collectors having a footprint that is up to 70% smaller than a baghouse.These smaller collectors provide mines with more space for other equipment.They provide 78% fewer emissions than baghouses and the filter packs takemuch less time to replace.

12:45 PMViega ProPress and Viega MegaPress systems

Derek Bower, Viega LLCViega is the only manufacturer with press fittings in multiple materials. ViegaProPress for stainless is approved for more than 225 applications, ranging frompotable water to corrosive chemicals. Viega MegaPress for black iron pipe is theonly carbon steel press fitting system suitable for gas applications. Both ViegaProPress and Viega MegaPress systems make fast, secure connections withoutsoldering, welding or threading. All Viega press systems can be joined underflow, eliminating full shutdowns and minimizing downtime from hours to min-utes. With a full line of adapters and transition fittings, even tie-ins to existingsystems are fast and easy.

UCA of SME I:Ground Freezing in Underground Construction

9:00 AM • Tuesday, February 25chairs: R. Henn, brierley associates LLc, Littleton, co

D. Klug, David R Klug & associates Inc., Murray, Pa

9:00 AMIntroductions

9:05 AMGround Freezing: Then and now

P. Schmall; Moretrench American Corp., Rockaway, NJWhile the basic principles of ground freezing have remained largely the samesince the technique was first developed for mine shaft sinking in Europe in themid 19th century, great strides have been made over the years, particularly inviable applications. Advances in drilling equipment and techniques allows accu-rate pipe placement for successful installation of frozen mine shaft excavationsupport and groundwater control to greater depths than ever before. Frozen

groundwater barriers for large open pit mines are being installed to facilitate insitu oil shale recovery. This presentation will explore those advances both tech-nically and in the context of specific project case histories.

9:25 AMGround Freezing for Tunneling

G. Hauser; Seattle Tunnel Partners, Seattle, WAGround freezing was successfully used for two different applications for theBrightwater Conveyance System Tunnel project near Seattle, Washington. Aftermining about half of the 4-mile long section three (of four sections) the cutter-head damage to tunnel boring machine no. 3 (TBM-3) was detected and eventu-ally left it disabled. The TBM position, about 300 feet underground in a quietneighborhood with more than 5 bar of hydrostatic pressure, left no feasible ac-cess option from the ground surface. The successful method used to completethis section of tunnel included mining by another, smaller-diameter machine(TBM-4) from the opposite direction into the dismantled, larger-diameter TBM-3 shield. Prior to this, TBM-4 had just successfully completed section four, end-ing in the Ballinger shaft, where it was re-furbished so it could mine the remain-ing 2 miles of Section three. Ground freezing was used outside the portals at the200-foot deep Ballinger shaft to stabilize the wet, erodible sand while TBM-4mined into and out of the shaft.

9:45 AMDeep Shaft Ground Freezing for the new Potash Mines inSaskatchewan

G. Newman; Newman Geotechnique, Saskatoon, SK, CanadaGround freezing in support of shaft sinking is necessary in the potash mines inWestern Canada due to the presence of an unconsolidated saturated sand for-mation at a depth of 430 meters (e.g., the Mannville, formerly BlairmoreFormation). This formation ranges in thickness between 30 and 100 meters de-pending on location. The ground above the Mannville Formation consists of 250meters of dense shale overlain by up to 160 meters of surface clay till and sandyaquifers. The Mannville itself sits on a fracture filled water bearing limestoneand dolomite formation with the actual potash seam located at a depth of 1000meters. Ground freezing programs at four of the five new deep shafts were re-cently designed by NGI along with input from Derek Maishman. Derek, now wellinto his eighties, was a young man when he pioneered six potash shaft freezingprojects in Saskatchewan in the 1960’s and 1970’s. The topics discussed willrange from advanced drilling directional control, through to project closure andpost abandonment options for geothermal heat recovery.

10:05 AMGround Freezing Methods and Applications in Mining andUnderground Construction

M. Schultz; CDM Smith, Cambridge, MAArtificial ground freezing was developed more than 100 years ago for the con-struction of mining deep shafts in water bearing soils. Shafts have been con-structed using ground freezing to depths of more than 600 meters (2,000 ft.).For many tunneling, deep shafts and deep excavations, ground freezing is one ofthe best if not the only techniques in some cases available to create a watertightbarrier and provide load bearing temporary support of the ground. This presen-tation will present the basics of the ground freeze methods, the requirements forthe investigations, design, construction, construction monitoring and qualitycontrol measures. Project examples will be presented to show different applica-tions and construction methods.

10:25 AMSoil Mass Quality Rating System for Alluvial Sediments Based onObservations in Tehran Eastern Main Sewerage Tunnel

G. Khave; Tunnel and Underground Structure, Lar Consulting Engineers Co., ltd, Tehran, Islamic Republic of IranThe need to provide an index of subsurface soil behavior which would includeallowances for intact soil strength, soil texture and its matrix properties, discon-tinuity frequency, groundwater condition together with stress condition at thedepths encountered has led this author to develop a soil mass classification sys-tem to isolate in a qualitative manner categories of soil which, under a particularset of engineering constraints, will behave in a similar way. The principal onwhich this classification system is based is that the selected parameters can bedetermined quickly and easily by a field geologist or engineer which are impor-tant in determining soil mass behavior. For a particular soil layer, a numericalassessment is made within designated limits of the quality of the soil as it relatesto a particular parameter. These numbers are then summed to give an index

This is the Technical Program as of September 15, 2013. IT IS SUBJECT TO CHANGE. Please see the Onsite Program for final details.

TECHNICAL PROGRAMnumber which can be related to the behavior of soil mass culminating to the pre-diction of excavation procedures and support system density for a 3.5m diame-ter hand-burrowed tunnel. The classification general format is modeled afterBieniawski (1976) RMR system due to its simplicity and universal familiarity.

Valuation: Case Histories9:00 AM • Tuesday, February 25

chairs: T. Knobloch, james Knobloch Petroleum consultants Inc., Maietta, oh R. Jolk, MPDI, golden, co

9:00 AMIntroductions

9:05 AMThe Different Types of Valuation Specialists in the Extractive Industries

J. Manes; CMC, Inc., Scottsdale, AZMineral Valuation specialists are engaged in the Extractive Industries to performvaluation of mineral assets. Occasionally the assignment conditions may requirevaluation of other assets and interests, such as real estate, timber, crops, plant &equipment, inventory and businesses. The author of this paper has worked in co-operation with other types of valuation specialists on assignments, and has alsowitnessed non-qualified valuation specialists providing mineral valuation serv-ices. Case histories from several projects will be discussed, addressing the differ-ent types and qualifications of valuation specialists in the Extractive Industries.Information on assignment conditions and the objectives of the different valua-tion specialists will be covered. Advice on interacting with other valuation experts during a mineral valuation assignment will also be discussed.

9:25 AMFundamental Elements of Mineral Property Value

R. Jolk; AIMA, Golden, COThere are many fundamental elements that contribute value to a mineral prop-erty. The author categorized these for discussion into five main areas; 1) ele-ments associated with the mineralized deposit proper - tons, grade, shape, ori-entation, and integrity of both the ore and host rock; 2) location of the depositwith regard to climate, access, infrastructure, and supporting resources; 3) de-velopment work performed including - geologic interpretation, mine planning,process design, logistics, cost estimating and economic analysis; 4) prevailingsocioeconomic, environmental and political climate; and 5) leadership and man-agement capabilities and goals of those in charge including staffing, finance, pur-chasing, public relations, and marketing. Accurate mineral property valuationrequires detail consideration of all these areas and an understanding of the com-bined level of detail and development that must be achieved at various pointsalong a timeline so as to properly consider each areas’ respective contribution tooverall property value.

9:45 AMAppraisal of Mineral Property Conservation Easem*nt Donations

T. Ellis; Ellis International Services, Denver, CODonation of conservation easem*nts covering mineral properties became quitepopular during the last 15 years, reaching a frenzy of activity in Colorado by2005. The driving incentive has been tax deductions and lucrative state tax cred-its. The author uses case examples to illustrate correct and inappropriate con-servation easem*nt appraisal practice, the driving economics for the donations,the resultant impacts on mineral property supply and value, the reaction of regulators, and dangers for appraisers.

10:05 AMLessons Learned in the Valuation of Surface Estates for Mineral Properties

M. Chapman; Chapman Appraisals, Louisville, KYNot surprising, market participants generally place greatest emphasis on the min-eral estate in the valuation of mineral properties. This analysis, however; looks atthe contributory value of the surface estate. While the highest and best use andoverall valuation methodology will be covered, the appraiser will delve deeperinto paired sale analysis and general findings citing a few specific case studies.

10:25 AMValuation Issues in the Marcellus Shale: Pennsylvania Perspective

F. Bertrand; American Institute of Minerals Appraisers, Boulder, COValuation issues in the Marcellus Shale Summary: Pennsylvania is once againundergoing significant energy extraction activity due to the Marcellus Shale. Oil,coal, and now deep gas repeats previous booms. The state’s second largestcounty, Bradford is the locale to many of the most active gas extractors in thestate. How do wells, compressor stations, gathering pipelines, water ponds af-fect property value? How does contamination of water supplies affect value?Does methane contamination affect property values? How does the appraiserdiscount (if appropriate) these surface issues? How does the appraiser or real-tor assign a value to dormant gas rights when presented as a seller’s concessionto a listing? What are the various concepts of lease terms? How are gas rights—prior to royalty income—valued? Can they be valued? What is the state view ondormant lease values?

10:45 AMMPEEM – The new and Improved Residual Technique of Reserve Valuation

A. Stagg; Geologic Group, Stagg Resource Consultants, Inc., Cross Lanes, WVThe Residual Technique of Reserve Valuation has been used for decades in valu-ing mineral reserves. Changes in financial reporting standards have led to amodification, known as the Multi-Period Excess Earnings Method. As with theResidual Technique, an operating model is constructed to forecast annualstreams of revenue and expenses derived from the business enterprise associ-ated with the reserves. The difference involves deducting not only the value ofcontributory assets from the cash flow stream, but also in imputed return on theinvestment in these assets. The present value of the excess earnings is then at-tributed to the reserves. This presentation reviews the methodology used in theapplication of this approach and presents an example of a complex appraisalthat was conducted using this technique.

11:05 AMExperimental & Analytical Study of Vibrating Screens

P. McMullin and E. Hasanbas; Millcreek Engineering, Salt Lake City, UTVibrating screens and crushers are the workhorses of material sizing.Unfortunately their natural frequency is often in the range of typical supportingstructures, thereby making installations prone to vibration problems. Much ofthe available literature regarding the support of vibrating screens is fairly con-fusing and outdated. This paper presents the results of utilizing accelerometersand finite element software in the analysis and design of supports for vibratingequipment. It contains data from field studies of vibrating screen and crusher in-stallations, design of new and repair of existing supporting structures, and thecorrelation between field data and finite element time history analyses. Finally,the paper summarizes a method for analyzing and designing structures subjected to vibratory loads and predicting their behavior.

MInERAL & METALLURGICAL PROCESSInG:Water In Minerals Processing 2:

Use of Membranes in Mineral Processing andMine Water

10:15 AM • Tuesday, February 25chairs: K. Kinser, MWh, Denver, co

M. Mierzejewski, ch2Mhill, Richmond, Va

10:15 AMIntroductions

10:35 AMMembrane Technology Redresses Mine and Mineral ProcessingWater Balances

T. Lilley and P. Clayton; Pall Corp., Portsmouth, United KingdomMine operations are facing water treatment challenges due to supply scarcityand discharge limits. Furthermore, the large volumes of water that are used in

This is the Technical Program as of September 15, 2013. IT IS SUBJECT TO CHANGE. Please see the Onsite Program for final details.

TECHNICAL PROGRAMmineral processing are changing the landscape of mine site water managementMembrane developments have enabled their use in meeting these challenges,redressing the water balances and overall operational economics. Membraneshave become established for treatment of waste streams and this scope is nowexpanding to include water treatment for process use and reuse The physico-chemical purification process is described apropos the respective membraneseparation capabilities. Polymeric microfiltration membranes are shown to re-move dissolved metals following precipitation to produce a polished filtrate.Integrating microfiltration membranes with reverse osmosis stages removesother dissolved contaminants to meet the requirements of mineral processesreuse. These technologies are equally suitable for treating water from anysource to meet the standards required for mineral processing operations A se-ries of case studies describes process details, treatment targets and results incoal, gold, copper, barite and salt mines applications

10:55 AMTreatment of Acid Mine Drainage Utilizing nanofiltrationMembranes

S. Smith, M. Rodgers, B. Kern and S. Weinig; Dow Water & Process Solutions, The Dow Chemical Company, Midland, MIRegulatory pressures are forcing the mining industry to develop and integratenew technologies in order to meet strict discharge requirements. The selectiveremoval of metals and salts from an Acid Mine Drainage (AMD) stream for dis-charge or recycle can be achieved using nanofiltration (NF) and reverse osmosis(RO) membranes which can limit or even remove the need for expensive limetreatment circuits. High value metals in the brine stream (NF/RO concentrate)can also be recovered and processed as a way to offset costs. This presentationdetails a successful pilot study utilizing NF to achieve environmental dischargeand strategies for incorporating membranes into mining operations as part of awater management plan.

11:15 AMSaving Money through Membrane Treatment Optimization

J. Kerstiens1, L. Sullivan1 and S. Diamond2; 1ARCADIS, Denver, CO and2ARCADIS, Irvine, CAInvesting in the optimization of existing assets can lower the total cost of minewater management and extend the time before replacements are needed. Thispaper will focus on strategies for optimization of one common asset among mineoperators, membrane water treatment systems, and discuss the cost benefits. Acase study includes a 10-year-old mine water treatment plant initially designedfor 600 gallon per minute (gpm) capacity, but could only reliably treat 300 gpm.A combination of operational improvements and capital improvements ad-dressed the weakest-links of the system and improved the operating efficiency.One example involves pre-treatment improvements to better protect the RO sys-tem, reduce membrane replacement frequency, and save $600k over the nextdecade. Another example is the installation of low pressure membrane filtrationto achieve the necessary 600 gpm capacity, which was significantly less capitalthan installing a new plant. In total, system improvements allow for higher extraction rates from the most contaminated sources at the mine site, therebyincreasing the annual mass removal and decreasing the cost of contaminant removal per gallon of water treated.

11:35 PMAdvanced Membrane Technologies for Total Mine WaterSolutions

T. Moodley1, A. Linington2 and F. Knops1; 1Pentair X-Flow, Enschede,Netherlands and 2Aveng Water, Johannesburg, South AfricaMines are faces increasing water challenges; from the supply of process water inextremely arid areas, to the treatment and disposal of waste water driven by leg-islation and regulations. This paper outlines the application of MembraneTechnology to meet these challenges. It will discuss case studies of pioneeringplants in the fields of Acid Mine Drainage and SWRO for mine water supply. Thecase studies include the Emalahleni and Optimum Water reclamation Plants, aswell as SWRO in Chile and Namibia. Design, commissioning and up to 4 years ofoperational experience will discussed.

11:55 PMApplying Reverse Osmosis to Mining Waters

A. Ellingson; Mineral Blue Solutions, Inc., Golden, COObtaining and using water in mining operations can present several challenges.For example, some mines are located where there is an abundance of waterwhile other mines are located where water is scarce. Many mines are locatedwhere there are important social concerns regarding obtaining and dischargingwater. The use of reverse osmosis can be an effective process to address thesechallenges. In this paper, an overview of the design and performance of reverseosmosis for processing mine water are discussed. A study was conducted at sev-eral mines in Latin America. To demonstrate that reverse osmosis can meet so-cial concerns and provide recovery of beneficial byproducts the following willbe discussed: Operating data including recoveries and rejections; Detailed examination of membrane autopsy; Cleaning Procedures; Membrane Life.

Tuesday, February 25 Afternoon

COAL & EnERGy:Breathing Air Supplies

2:00 PM • Tuesday, February 25chairs: E. Bauer, nIoSh, Pittsburgh, Pa

R. Fernando, nIoSh, Pittsburgh, Pa

2:00 PMIntroductions

2:05 PMnext Generation Breathing Air Supplies

R. Fernando; DMST-OMSHR, NIOSH, Pittsburgh, PABreathing Air Supplies (BAS) in mining refers to a range of devices and systemsthat offer respiratory protection to underground miners in the event of an emer-gency and include escape, rescue BA and Refuge Alternatives. OMSHR has un-dertaken the task of identifying and exploring technologies towards developingthe next generation of breathing air supplies for underground mining as a re-search imperative. This presentation covers the current status of the BAS pro-gram. The R&D effort at this time is continuing with developing different combi-nations and configurations of BAS such as the next generation SCSRs withDocking & Switch-Over Valves, Hood/Mask and Very High Pressure Cylinders.The 4-hour closed-circuit rescue breathing apparatus is being examined with aview to improving the performance efficiency. Cryogenics are being explored forboth open and closed circuit systems with a view to having a long operationaltime from a smaller size & weight units. Cryogenics as another gas supply forRefuge Alternatives is also under study in this program. A Multifaceted contractprogram is currently underway to assist with achieving the next generation improved BAS.

2:25 PMCarbon Monoxide Conversion and Toxic Gas Filtration in anEscape Breathing Apparatus with Oxygen Dosing Filter Self-Rescuer

D. Alexander1 and R. Fernando2; 1Fires & Explosions, NIOSH/OMSHR,Pittsburgh, PA and 2NIOSH/OMSHR, Pittsburgh, PAThis paper describes the gas protection required for an Escape BreathingApparatus developed under the Office of Mine Safety & Health Research extra-mural program as one of several new breathing air technologies. This deviceprovides open circuit breathing protection from toxic gases and suplimentaloxygen in the ambient atmosphere. Multiple toxic gases, including carbonmonoxide, that could threaten the lives of miners were identified from combus-tion tests of coal and other materials used in mines. A NIOSH approved CBRNcarbon filter protects against these threat gases and a catalyst converts carbonmonoxide to harmless carbon dioxide. The unit is combined with a standard fil-ter half mask and hood to protect the face and also allow communications. TheNIOSH test criteria “CO Bench Tests for Escape Gas Masks” were passed using10,000 ppm CO and the MAN test 4 protocol was used to demonstrated that oxy-gen can be supplied as demanded for variable work loads under a wide range ofoxygen deficiency conditions. In the Metal/Non-Metal mining industry, this unitcould provide an increased level of protection over currently used filter self rescuers if commercialized.

This is the Technical Program as of September 15, 2013. IT IS SUBJECT TO CHANGE. Please see the Onsite Program for final details.

TECHNICAL PROGRAM2:45 PMDevelopment and Testing of a Two-hour Cryogenic Air BreathingApparatus for Outby Mine Escape a.k.a.CryoBA

D. Doerr1, D. Bush2, E. Blalock3 and R. Fernando4; 1Liquid Air Breathing Technology, Inc., Merritt Island, FL; 2NASA, Kennedy SpaceCenter, FL; 3BCS Life Support LLC, Deland, FL and 4NIOSH - OMSHR,Pittsburgh, PAA new technology self contained breathing apparatus (SCBA) has been devel-oped and tested that is based on a cryogenic air. Cryogenic air is stored at a verycold temperature (-318°F) and low pressure. Density is 54 lb/ft3 and the result-ing expansion ratio is 728:1. Strong and generally heavy storage vessels are notnecessary at these low pressures, thereby saving weight, and there is littlestored potential energy thereby enhancing system safety. This breathing appa-ratus carries a two hour supply of air and conforms to NIOSH requirements asspecified in 42 CFR, part 84. This prototype breathing apparatus has been sub-jected to a battery of machine and human tests to verify compliance with NIOSHperformance requirements. Of particular importance is the ability of this unit tooperate in physical attitudes other than vertical as required in manned test table6. The attitude independent pickup in the dewars is novel in this design. The unitis also designed to allow a miner to refill the unit during a mine egress fromCryogenic Air Supply and Fill Stations according to a mine escape plan. It is theaim of this project to create a long duration, open circuit SCBA for miners.

3:05 PMDevelopment and Testing of a Cryogenic Refuge AlternativeSupply System for Mines

D. Doerr1, E. Blalock2, D. Bush3 and E. Bauer4; 1Liquid Air BreathingTechnology, Inc., Merritt Island, FL; 2BCS Life Support, Deland, FL;3NASA, Kennedy Space Center, FL and 4NIOSH - OMSHR, Pittsburgh, PAA new technology mine Refuge Alternative supply based on a cryogenic gas hasbeen developed and tested. This gas is stored at a very cold temperature (-318°F) and low pressure which can vary from ambient to 100 psi. Density ofcryogenic air is 54 lb/ft3 and the resulting expansion ratio is 728:1. Heavy stor-age vessels are not necessary at these low pressures and there is little stored po-tential energy thereby enhancing system safety. This initial prototype RefugeAlternative gas supply provides breathing gas to a 10 - man chamber for the re-quired 96 hours, but can extend another 60 hours while ensuring the minimalrequired flow rate. To preserve the liquid state of the air, a cryogenic cooler isused with a cold finger inserted into the dewar. Should an accident require useof the Chamber, the cryocooler is shut down and liquid air is introduced into thesystem. One major advantage of this cryogenic source is the cooling providedduring this expansion. The prototype cryogenic air supply has been installed inan actual Chamber and subjected to a battery of machine tests to verify compliance with performance requirements.

3:25 PMMine Rescue Breathing Apparatus Improvement

B. Toole1, J. Cornman1 and R. Fernando2; 1Navy, NSWCPCD, Panama City Beach, FL and 2NIOSH/OMSHR, Pittsburgh, PAThe Office of Mine Safety and Health Research in conjunction with the NavalSurface Warfare Center Panama City Division is identifying and adopting tech-nologies for improvement of rescue breathing apparatus for underground minesearch and rescue. This work covers the development of closed-circuit oxygenbreathing apparatus (CCBA) prototypes that incorporate technologies used inother fields such as diving and aerospace. Current CCBAs used in the coal miningindustry were evaluated for baseline performance. It was found that the largestarea for improvement is in heat transfer. This work addresses potential areasfor improvement to minimize the overall footprint and weight load on the user.Removing unwanted heat has two main benefits: increasing the CO2 absorbentefficiency and reducing the user’s inspired gas temperature. Prototypes weredeveloped of a scrubber housing and a tidal volume coupled air-to-air heat ex-changer to study the potential for removing heat from the center of the ab-sorbent bed and from the breathing gas, respectively. The presentation focuseson the engineering design solutions that address improving the apparatusesability to rid the system of unwanted heat.

3:45 PMOxygen Sensing Technologies Suitable for Use in RespiratoryProtective Devices

D. Warkander; U.S. Navy Experimental Diving Unit, Panama City, FLIn some applications the oxygen level in a respiratory protective device (RPD)may benefit from electronic control. Such control is used in civilian and militarydiving. It may be possible to reduce the amount of oxygen added while main-taining a better controlled oxygen level. The key part in such a control is the oxy-gen sensor. Development of oxygen sensing technologies is an active area; in theU.S. alone some 200 patents have been issued since 200, close to 4,000 since1974. The environment for an oxygen sensor inside an RPD can be harsh. Fromratings of power consumption; size and weight; ability to tolerate water, con-densing humidity and high pH; robustness; calibration stability and tempera-ture tolerance some technologies seem usable: light fluorescence, galvanic orfuel cell properties. Fluorescence sensors with fiber optics may allow remotesensing. Work performed under contract with NIOSH-OMSHR.

COAL & EnERGy:Developments in Health and Safety

2:00 PM • Tuesday, February 25chair: S. Bealko, gMS Mine Repair, oakland, MD

2:00 PMIntroductions

2:05 PMField Test of a Seismic System for Locating Trapped Miners

K. Heasley; Mining Engineering, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WVIf the communication/tracking system of an underground mine is severely dam-aged in a large mine accident or explosion, a surface based seismic system couldbe the only available tool for locating any trapped miners. This paper documentsa field test of a survace seismic system at a room-and-pillar coal mine in EasternKentucky. Testing was performed at 6 different depths (450, 575, 750, 1175,1525 and 1700 ft) above the mine. For each location underground, the minerspounded a “set” of 5 “repetitions” on the roof with each repetition being aboutone second apart. Over the 3 day field test, 63 sets of underground miners’pounding were detected by the seismic system at depths up to 1175 ft and athorizontal offsets up to 890 ft. Also during the testing, the observed signalstrength generated by pounding with a crib blocks was seen to average 180%stronger than the observed signal strength generated by pounding with asledgehammer. Ultimately, this field test was very successful and definitivelydemonstrated the ability of the seismic system to detect potential trapped miners’ pounding up to a depth of 1175 ft.

2:25 PMIntegration of Technologies to Increase Safety of Loading Operations

T. Ruff; SAFEmine Technology USA, Oakland, CAMetal-to-metal contacts involving shovels and nearby equipment are a majorconcern for many surface mining operations. These incidents can result in ex-pensive down time for repairs, significant losses in production, and serious in-juries to workers. Improving both the shovel operators’ and nearby vehicle op-erators’ situational awareness can decrease risks associated with equipmentoperating in close proximity. SAFEmine’s SafetyCentre for shovels and haultrucks combines several technologies; including GPS-based equipment tracking,radar, and cameras to provide each operator with critical information on the lo-cations and movements of nearby equipment. Other equipment, such as dozersand light vehicles, are outfitted with SAFEmine’s GPS-based system so that allvehicles locations are known and shared throughout the mine. Traffic informa-tion is integrated into a single display, reducing distractions for the operatorand the number of user interfaces in the cab. A description of the technology,how it is integrated to provide intuitive and meaningful information, and a current installation at a surface mine will be presented.

This is the Technical Program as of September 15, 2013. IT IS SUBJECT TO CHANGE. Please see the Onsite Program for final details.

TECHNICAL PROGRAM2:45 PMUnderground Field Evaluations of Proximity DetectionTechnology on Continuous Mining Machines

J. Carr, T. Lutz and M. Reyes; NIOSH, Pittsburgh, PAOn average 1 to 2 fatalities occur every year when a miner is struck or pinned bya continuous mining machine (CMM). Proposed regulations would require theuse of proximity detection on all CMMs. Hundreds of CMMs are alreadyequipped with a system. Researchers at the Office of Mine Safety and HealthResearch (OMSHR) have conducted a series of field tests to quantify the per-formance of these systems in underground coal mines using a protocol devel-oped with input from industry as well as federal and state regulators. Thesetests measured where the warning and stop zones were activated at several lo-cations around the CMM. A number of conditions were tested for their influenceon system performance: conveyor boom position, cutter head position, orienta-tion of the miner-worn component, presence of multiple miners, position of thetrailing cable and presence of haulage equipment. Some inconsistencies in per-formance were observed and represent opportunities to improve performanceand reliability. The technology was shown to provide consistent activation of thewarning and stop zones under many of the conditions tested.

3:05 PMDust and noise Hazard Exposure: Comparison of PDC vs. WCRoof Bolt Bits in Laboratory

E. Kim; University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UTMining has always been among the most hazardous of occupations, and with theincreasing demand for coal and minerals, safety in mines assumes even greaterimportance. Worldwide, underground miners are being exposed to noise andrespirable dust hazards associated with roof bolt drilling. These hazards arenow being understood to cause irreparable damage to the health of miners. Theobjective of this research was to discover if a Polycrystalline Diamond Cutter(PDC) drill bit generates less respirable dust and hazardous noise than a com-peting Tungsten Carbide (WC) bit, in dry vacuum drilling. In order to control thedrill parameters the drilling tests have been conducted in a laboratory setting.The results were met by determining the quantities of dust and noise generatedusing each drill bit and analyzing those levels by using monitoring devices andsoftware to collect the data. This paper includes information on experimentsetup, equipment used, drilling parameters, and data collected. The test resultssuggest that there are noticeable trends that the PDC bits produce less dust thanWC bits but more testing is needed to substantiate these trends.

3:05 PMProtecting Prep Plant Control Rooms with Hybrid CleanAgent/Water Mist Fire Suppression Systems

B. Ballard1 and C. Yoder2; 1Victaulic, Easton, PA and 2Pillar Innovations, LLC, Grantsville, MDEngineers at a West Virginia coal preparation plant owned by one of the nation’slargest coal producers sought a fire suppression system for the plant’s MCCroom. Officials considered the traditional options of water-based sprinklers, drychemical, and other clean agent systems; however, each of those options pre-sented challenges. Sprinklers can damage electrical equipment, proper deliveryof the agent and adequate coverage/protection can be an issue with dry chemi-cal systems, and clean agent systems require room integrity. An alternative totraditional systems was discovered in the Victaulic Vortex Fire SuppressionSystem. The first hybrid clean agent/water mist system (FM 5580), Vortex ade-quately addressed these concerns. The system, which deploys a high-velocity,low-pressure mixture of water and nitrogen, is not damaging to electrical equip-ment and extinguishes fires in open, ventilated areas. This is one of the first in-stallations of the Vortex system in a mine prep plant, and is a compelling exam-ple of how new technology can overcome the challenges of traditionaltechnologies. The paper will detail plant specs, project challenges, system evalu-ation, and the outcome.

3:25 PMCamera and Proximity Solutions for Improving Safety inUnderground Mines

T. Michaud; Strata Worldwide, Sandy Springs, GAUnited Coal was required to deploy safety equipment on underground vehiclesat the Affinity mine after a series of accidents in early 2013. The decision was toevaluate the latest in both camera and proximity solutions. This presentationwill compare the camera and proximity technologies evaluated, operation data,operator experience and impact on mine safety.

COAL & EnERGy:Human Factors and Safety

2:00 PM • Tuesday, February 25chairs: B. Eiter, nIoSh, Pittsburgh, Pa

S. Bealko, gMS Mine Repair, oakland, MD

2:00 PMIntroductions

2:05 PMRoot Cause Analysis vs. Shallow Cause Analysis: What’s the Difference?

R. Latino; Reliability Center, Inc., Hopewell, VAWhat is the difference between troubleshooting, brainstorming, problem solv-ing and Root Cause Analysis (RCA)? Are the results different when we apply the5-Whys, the Fishbone or a Logic Tree? Can deficiencies in our RCA approach in-crease the risk of harm to our workers and detract from our optimal Reliability?Such questions will be discussed in-depth and expressed using a common exam-ple to determine how RCA tool selection can make a difference in recurrencerates. Shallow Cause Analysis (SCA) represents a less disciplined approach thantrue RCA. Many of the tools on the market today that are being referred to asRoot Cause Analysis, fall far short of the essential elements of a true RCA. Whendetermining the breadth and depth of analysis required, we must explore themagnitude and severity of the event at hand. Typically, we do not conduct for-mal RCA on events, but rather their consequences. If we have an event occur,then its priority is usually proportional to the severity of its consequences. Wenever seem to have the time and budget to do things right, but we always seemto have the time and budget to do them again! This session explores how tobreak this paradigm.

2:25 PMA new Paradigm for Serious-Event Prevention: RethinkingSafety in the Mining Industry

B. Austin and M. Hajaistron; BST, Ojai, CAThe relative infrequency of fatalities and other serious events can give them theappearance of being random and beyond any reasonable degree of anticipationor prevention. In fact, the vast majority of these events result from exposuresthat are identifiable, measurable, and manageable. Prominent incidents acrossindustries have provided insight into serious-event prevention in the mining in-dustry. They have taught us that alongside the proximate causes of each inci-dent, there also coexisted an underlying fabric of systems, mechanisms, and cul-ture that allowed risk in the workplace to persist. The difficulty is thattraditional injury prevention paradigms are not sufficient for addressing theprecursors that lead up to fatal and serious events in mining work. This presen-tation will introduce a new framework for eliminating serious events and fatali-ties in the mining industry. We will examine the concept of precursor events andpresent a comprehensive approach for leading mining organizations to zero se-rious injuries and fatalities.

2:45 PMDeveloping Effective Site Safety Leaders in the Mining Industry

B. Austin and M. Hajaistron; BST, Ojai, CAWhen it comes to making a sustained change toward achieving the best in safety,mining organizations ultimately rely on individuals to make independent deci-sions in the midst of unexpected and unforeseen situations. Aligning these deci-sions with the organization’s safety strategy is key to success. This means devel-oping supervisors and managers who know how to effectively lead others insafety and promote a culture that makes safety who the organization is. Being asupervisor or manager in the mining industry is challenging under the best ofcirc*mstances. Responsible for multiple priorities, but with limited time, manysite leaders find it difficult to include safety tasks in a meaningful way. Yet, theseleaders are influencing safety all the time through their decisions and actions.This presentation will discuss the specific ways mining leaders are already in-fluencing safety and how they can integrate concrete practices to improve safetyand operational performance right now.

This is the Technical Program as of September 15, 2013. IT IS SUBJECT TO CHANGE. Please see the Onsite Program for final details.

TECHNICAL PROGRAM3:05 PMInfluences of Geometric Changes on the Over-pressure ofMethane-air Deflagration

L. Wang and J. Tien; Missouri S&T, Rolla, MOThe violence of methane explosion on mining operations cannot be emphasizedenough. It is in fact a rapid combustion when methane/air mixture is ignited byan unexpected energy release, such as a mine fire, electrical arch or lightning. Inmost cases, an ignition of methane/air mixture could result in a deflagrationother than det-onation. However, miners and local ventilation facilities couldstill be impacted by the flame and overpressure induced by a methane deflagra-tion. Therefore, the research on the destructiveness of a methane deflagration iscrucial. This research seeks to predict an influence region of an incident hap-pened in a representative underground mine geometry. The most common geo-metric changes in an underground coal mine layout are bending, obstacles pres-ence, and change of sectional area. Empirically speaking, these geometricchanges could result in an attenuation of the flame and pressure wave resultedby a methane deflagration. A better understanding of the incident could be pro-vided by this global view of the over-pressure distribution. Both numerical andexperimental work has been done to achieve this aim.

3:25 PMGeolocation for Underground Coal Mining Applications:Classification of Systems And Limitations

S. Schafrik1, C. Dietrich2 and C. Harwood3; 1VCCER, VA Tech, Blacksburg, VA; 2ECE, VA Tech, Blacksburg, VA and 3MinE, VA Tech,Blacksburg, VAThe ability to track miners and communicate with them while they work in un-derground coal mines is important during normal daily operations, and criticalin emergency conditions. As was evident during recent incidents at under-ground coal mines worldwide, communication with miners and the knowledgeof their location is of great importance for rescue efforts and the preservation oflife. Numerous technologies have been developed, adapted, and deployed tomeet tracking requirements of the Mine Improvement and New EmergencyResponse (MINER) Act. Evaluating the performance of these systems has provento be difficult for mine operators, system manufacturers, and regulatory agen-cies. This paper focuses on tracking system evaluations methodologies em-ployed in other industries and their potential application to the undergroundcoal mining application.

COAL & EnERGy:Mine Environmental Issues2:00 PM • Tuesday, February 25

chair: H. Trexler, Tetratech, Inc., Pittsburgh, Pa

2:00 PMIntroductions

2:05 PMFactors Influencing Water Discharges from PennsylvaniaUnderground Coal Mine Pools

A. Iannacchione, P. Himes, L. Mignogna and M. Keener; Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PAMost legacy drift mines entered the coal reserve from outcrop and developedup-dip. The Surface Mining Control and Reclamation Act of 1977 changed thisway of mining, requiring all new mines with acid- or iron-producing coal seamsto prevent gravity water discharges from the mine. This Act requires engineeredbarriers to contain the mine pool. In many cases, mine layout designs focus pri-marily on the size and hydraulic performance of the un-mined coal barrier be-tween the up-dip mine pool and areas where down-dip surface discharge is pos-sible. In other cases, designs focus on preventing discharges from barrierscontained within the strata surrounding the mined coalbed. This paper focuseson a detailed analysis of the factors responsible for preventing mine pool discharges to surface waters. Most of the nine case studies came from mines designed to prevent water discharges and therefore represent gaps in ourknowledge. Important factors include: mine layouts, mining methods, hydraulichead and conductivity, and geology. While the exact causes for the successes andfailures could not always be determined, reasonable mechanisms are presented.

2:25 PMISO 50001: Recommendations for Compliance, and PotentialImpacts for the Mining Industry

P. Lal; Buildings Business, Schneider Electric, Lavergne, TNISO 50001 is a specification for an energy management system that defines re-quirements for establishing, implementing, maintaining and improving such asystem. It enables any organization to follow a systematic approach to achievingcontinual improvement of its energy performance, including efficiency, usageand consumption. The process of adopting ISO 50001 is highly beneficial formining organizations, especially those with reporting and transparency pres-sures from shareholders and other entities requesting measurement data. ISO50001 will help these companies formalize accepted best practices and ensureaccurate and standardized reporting. However, the ultimate benefit is in theform of sustainable energy savings that arise out of following a systematic ap-proach. This paper is designed to provide recommendations that will helpachieve ISO 50001 compliance, and potential impacts to the mining industry

2:45 PMAccelerated Leaching of Mine Spoils as Means of ReducingSpecific Conductivity

S. Hamm, E. Sarver and A. Cox; Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VAElevated specific conductivity (SC) in waters downstream from surface coalmines in Central Appalachia is an increasing concern as unnaturally high SC maydeteriorate stream ecosystem health. The aim of this preliminary study was toexplore the feasibility of accelerated leaching of problematic overburden mate-rials as a means of minimizing long-term SC generation. Six spoil samples werecollected and leached in static and dynamic (i.e., jar and column) tests using sim-ulated rainwater solutions at ambient and acidified pH values; solution pH waskept constant between leach cycles in some tests and alternated in others. SCand pH were monitored during each leach cycle, and ICP-MS was used to deter-mine how leaching conditions affected release of problematic ions. This paperhighlights the results of both the static and dynamic leaching tests. Among themost interesting findings was that, for certain spoil materials, SC in leach col-umn effluent was effectively reduced when spoil was leached first with acidicrainwater followed by ambient rainwater (vs. ambient rainwater leachingalone). This suggests that accelerated leaching might aid in long-term stabilization of such materials.

3:05 PMResidual Diesel-Range Organics in Process Waters fromLaboratory Fine Coal Flotation Tests

J. Morris, R. Sellaro and E. Sarver; Mining and Minerals Engineering,Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, VAPetro-diesel is a common collector for fine coal froth flotation but partitioning ofdiesel range organics (DROs) in process streams has not been widely studied.Preliminary research suggested that under normal dosing schemes total resid-ual DRO in process waters should be limited to the sub-ppm water-soluble frac-tion (WSF). Further, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) should partitionproportionately with DRO. The purpose of this study was to confirm these find-ings in laboratory flotation tests. Total DRO and specific PAHs were measured intailings and concentrate streams, and coal recovery and ash rejection weretracked. Results show that concentrate waters consistently had higher DRO thantailing waters, and DRO in both streams generally increased with increasingdiesel dosage. DRO again appeared to be limited to the WSF and PAHs tended topartition proportionately with DRO. Results indicate optimal flotation perform-ance should generally coincide with minimal DRO partitioning to process wa-ters. Under typical operating conditions residual DRO should not present an en-vironmental concern; however, conditions should be avoided that allowsignificant overdosing of diesel.

This is the Technical Program as of September 15, 2013. IT IS SUBJECT TO CHANGE. Please see the Onsite Program for final details.

TECHNICAL PROGRAMCOAL & EnERGy:

young Leadership and Workforce Trends2:00 PM • Tuesday, February 25

chair: R. Desko, Desko enterprises, Latrobe, Pa

2:00 PMIntroductions

2:05 PMUniversity and Industry Partnership in Developing HighlyQualified People for the Global Mining Industry

M. Miyoshi; Mining Engineering, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, CanadaThe majority of engineers in mining around the world are very close to retire-ment age and there are few experienced engineers available to replace them.There is a global imbalance in supply and demand and Canada alone is projectedto have approximately 8,100 professional and physical science positions to fillover the next 10 years which will result in increased competition for HighlyQualified People (HQP) to lead this industry. HQP are those with the technical,business and social skills that are a result of a combination of post-secondary ed-ucation and experience and who are vital to the success of the industry. This re-search examines university and industry partnership in developing HQP to bet-ter address this global human resources challenge. The primary area of focus ison the role and impact of universities and industry on the recruitment, develop-ment, and retention of HQP. The goal of this research is to present strategies thatpost-secondary institutions and companies can adopt to facilitate the successfuldevelopment of engineering graduate students based on past examples of success and failure.

2:25 PMThe Thought Courageous Leader in Dynamic Mining Market

A. Rai; Support Group- Technical Services, Barrick Turquoise Ridge Inc, Winnemucca, NVThe thought courageous leader has the potential to contribute to the long termviable career in mining operations and further contribute to the on-going suc-cess of respective businesses. Basic questions- like why would the business needthis individual or skillset? What would be different if it didn’t exist? needed to beanswered. This paper will discuss customized leadership career in mine opera-tions to differentiate from the regular roles. This paper will highlight successmantra for potential job change and long-term leadership role.

2:45 PMBecoming More than What you Are – Increasing Responsibilitiesfor young Engineers in the Work Place

J. Chlopek; MEPCO, LLC, Morgantown, WVYoung Engineers today are faced with increasing responsibilities more so nowthan in previous years. The ongoing generation gap, increasing Federal and Stateregulations, increasing role of technology, and more complex marketplace hasforced many companies to put their young engineers into roles they may not yetbe ready for. This has created unique challenges and opportunities for those in-dividuals that can find success during their “trial by fire.” The ability to learnfrom the older mining generation’s experiences, ability to communicate well,and application of the different technologies that now exist, will serve as the cornerstones for a young engineer’s success.

3:05 PMFrontline Mine Management Reengineering through MobileDevices: Lessons from Underground and Surface

W. Rogers1, S. Dessureault1 and S. Gant2; 1MISOM CS, Tucson, AZ and2Walter Energy, Tumbler Ridge, BC, CanadaEven the most modern mine collects data via paper and pen. Supervisors, main-tenance personnel, and machine operators report safety, production, and ma-chine health issues through printed spreadsheet forms or custom-printed logbooks. This paper bound data is then input by clerks, often only partially, into aspreadsheet. This form of document control presents many disadvantages, suchas: paper piles up in front of a clerk at month end, inability to track data entryquality, frequent re-entry into multiple spreadsheets, and many challenges existin changing forms if they are printed & distributed. Modern tablets offer

enormous flexibility in storing data, distributing software, reports, and a myriadof other business services. The tablets can eliminate the use of paper forms andclerks while creating new means of data collection, such as geotags, photos, andvideos as well as providing access to analytics. The conclusions of a pilot projectprior to full deployment provides insight into how these types of hardware, datacollection approaches, and information uses can meet with success in both surface and underground operations.

EnVIROnMEnTAL:Advancing Mine Ecological Restoration

and Reclamation

2:00 PM • Tuesday, February 25chair: V. Wilson, ch2M hILL canada Ltd., Kitchener, on

2:00 PMIntroductions

2:05 PMAppalachian Ecosystem Restoration: Stream RestorationTechniques and Case Studies in “Coal Country”

N. Ober; Civil & Environmental Consultants, Inc., Pittsburgh, PAEcosystem Restoration in the Appalachian region of the Mid-Atlantic has be-come synonymous with coal mining for many stream restoration practitioners.Subsurface deep mining and surface mining stretch across the mountainous re-gions of West Virginia, Ohio, Kentucky, Pennsylvania, and more infrequently insome southern states such as Virginia and Tennessee. Our society has reliedupon the extraction of coal as a primary energy resource for decades and theculture in these regions have developed to accommodate this demand. Coal pro-vides our country with affordable energy and often times results in environ-mental impacts that require mitigation. West Virginia has developed an in-lieufee program to compensate for impacts at offsite locations; however, many ofthe available sites that are suitable for restoration have historical mining im-pacts of their own. The topics discussed in this presentation will include thechallenges and techniques used on streams in Appalachia for subsidence mitiga-tion, high gradient headwater stream restoration along contour (high wall) min-ing, flow loss mitigation and the use of subsurface liners, and restoration at largescale surface mines.

2:25 PMGrowth of Three Biofuel Crops on Reclaimed Mined Land in West Virginia

J. Skousen1, D. McMichael2 and B. Gutta3; 1Plant and Soil Sciences,West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV; 2West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV and 3Water Research Institute, WestVirginia University, Morgantown, WVBiomass crops can be used to supplement ethanol production and green fuel forpower plants. Switchgrass (Panicum virgatum L.), Miscanthus (Miscanthus x gi-ganteus), and giant cane (Arundo donax L.) are three biofuel feedstock cropsthat can produce large quantities of biomass and can be grown over a widerange of growing conditions, including reclaimed surface mined land. A 20-year-old reclaimed site near Alton, WV, was planted with these crops to determineyields. After killing the existing vegetation, plots of 0.4-ha were established withone of the crop varieties with five replications. Seeds of two switchgrass vari-eties (Kanlow and Bomaster) were drilled into the killed sod at a rate of 11 kgha-1. Two types of Miscanthus (sterile public and private varieties) wereplanted with seedling plugs on 0.8-m centers. Giant cane rhizomes were plantedon 1.5-m centers. Yields for Kanlow switchgrass averaged about 5,000 kg ha-1 in2013, while Bomaster switchgrass was 3,500 kg ha-1 in 2013. The public varietyof Miscanthus showed yields of 10,000 kg ha-1 in 2013 and the private varietywas near 20,000 kg ha-1. Giant cane produced about 1,000 kg ha-1.

2:45 PMIntegrating Landform Function at the Landscape Level:Restoration in the Alberta Oil Sands

V. Wilson; CH2M HILL Canada Ltd., Kitchener, ON, CanadaMining in the Alberta Oil Sands occurs rapidly on a landscape-changing scale.Entire watersheds and existing landforms are fundamentally changed by theprocess of removing and storing overburden, extracting ore, and building tail-ings containment. Operating approvals require reconstruction and revegetation

This is the Technical Program as of September 15, 2013. IT IS SUBJECT TO CHANGE. Please see the Onsite Program for final details.

TECHNICAL PROGRAMof the surface of the land to a state that permanently returns it to a land capabil-ity equivalent to pre-disturbance conditions. To achieve an executable closureand reclamation plan, an integrated planning process is required to consider dryand wet landscape surfaces, providing confidence that site-wide water balancescan support closure features, and demonstrating that wildlife habitat and reveg-etation goals are met. This presentation will provide case studies of how this in-tegrative process has been used for closure and reclamation plans that move be-yond the conceptual level to a new level of engineering design and support frommine operators. These closure plans have had to consider the challenges of link-ing operational drainage planning to reclaimed surface drainage planning, andinteractions of landforms on one another with respect to the movement of waterand sediment.

3:05 PMMetal Contaminant Immobilization on Plant Root Surfaces: Are Microbes Involved?

L. Herbertson, R. Root, J. Chorover and R. Maier; Soil, Water, and Environmental Science, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZPhytostabilization is an emerging technology which involves establishment of aplant cover directly on mine tailings in order to prevent wind and water erosion.Our research is showing that plants also help promote the incorporation of met-als into more stable mineral forms that are less bioaccessible and hence lesstoxic. An initial part of this process seems to be immobilization of metals on rootsurfaces. The root zone is a hotspot for bacterial activity due to plant exudates,creating complex root-microbe-metal interactions at the root surface.Hypothetical mechanisms of metal immobilization include adsorption to ironplaques formed by iron-oxidizing bacteria and to cell walls of root colonizingplant growth promoting bacteria. This was examined using fluorescence in situhybridization (FISH) combined with x-ray diffraction (XRF) to concurrently viewbacteria and metals on a root. Preliminary results from a mine tailings with highlevels of As, Pb, and Zn indicate that plant roots are colonized by bacteria and thatthese same root sections also contain Fe, As, Pb, and Mn. Understanding root-mi-crobe-metal interactions will help optimize phytostabilization technology.

3:25 PMEnhanced Microbial Diversity is Critical to SuccessfulRevegetation of Mine Tailings and Waste Rock Piles

J. Neilson, J. Chorover and R. Maier; SWES, Univ. of Arizona, Tucson, AZBacterial activity in mine waste of semiarid regions significantly impacts tailingsgeochemistry and plant establishment during closure practices. The bacterial di-versity of legacy tailings in Klondyke, AZ was directly correlated with pH. Just fourphyla were detected in pH 2.7 tailings, seven in pH 5.7 tailings and eleven in an off-site mesquite-grassland soil. Iron- and sulfur-oxidizers comprised 100% of the pH2.7 community, 76% of the pH 5.7 community and were not cultured from the off-site soil. A similar trend was observed in tailings from the Iron King MineHumboldt Smelter (IKHS) in Dewey-Humboldt, AZ. Thus, microbial activity drivesthe acidification of pyrite-rich tailings waste creating conditions inhospitable toplant establishment. Research has demonstrated an immediate increase in bacte-rial biomass and diversity following compost amendment of acidic tailings. Theenhanced diversity included bacterial populations critical to plant survival.Specifically, nitrogen cycling genes were absent from IKHS tailings, but could bequantified in compost-amended tailings. The development of a plant-sustainingmicrobial community in mining waste is critical to revegetation success.

3:45 PMChoosing your Restoration Battles Carefully: Biodiversity orEcosystem Services?

J. Weier1 and V. Wilson2; 1CH2M HILL, Atlanta, GA and 2CH2M HILL,Kitchener, ON, CanadaThere are numerous performance standards, ranging widely in operational bur-den and achievement difficulty, that can guide the reclamation (to reduce liabil-ity and bring back to a condition for use) and restoration (to bring back to anecologically functional condition) of mined lands. These include establishingconditions for economic use, replication of species assemblages, achievement ofno net loss of biodiversity, replacement of ecosystem services (ES), and estab-lishment of vegetative cover to avoid further degradation. The presentation willexplore the concept that an ES framework is preferable to a biodiversity-basedapproach. An ES-based approach involves identifying the primary functions andvalues provided by the area prior to impact and developing a plan to replacethem. Positive aspects include the ability to mitigate for the loss of functions andvalues in alternate ways, and the flexibility associated with measurement anddocumentation. Since ES are the benefit humans draw from nature, the ES ap-proach is also conducive to integrating the input of the local population most af-fected by the land transformation.

4:05 PMScaling Assisted Phytostabilization From the Greenhouse to theField at the Iron King Mine-Humboldt Smelter Superfund Site

J. Gil-Loaiza, S. White, J. Chorover and R. Maier; Soil Water and Environmental Science, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZThe Iron King Mine and Humboldt Smelter Superfund Site contains acidic tail-ings with elevated levels of lead and arsenic, and high levels of salts.Phytostabilization is the establishment of a vegetative cap that does not shootaccumulate toxicants, but rather stabilize metals in the root zone. Our objectivewas to evaluate whether revegetation at the field scale could be achieved usingdesert native plants and compost from successful greenhouse trials. Tailingswere amended with 10, 15, or 20% compost and direct-seeded with plants.Controls included composted (15 and 20%) unseeded treatments and an un-composted unseeded treatment. After 29 months seeded treatments achieved acanopy cover ranging 27% to 52%. No plants grew on unamended tailings.Neutrophilic heterotrophic bacterial counts were 3 orders of magnitude higherafter 37 months compared to unamended control. Metal accumulation in plantswas below Domestic Animal Toxicity Limits. Results show that phytostabiliza-tion was successfully scaled from the greenhouse to the field. We will evaluateimprovement of tailings characteristics as a medium for plant growth, and thelong-term potential for plant survival in these tailings.

EnVIROnMEnTAL:Environmental Challenges of Uranium andnaturally Occurring Radioactive Material

(nORM) II2:00 PM • Tuesday, February 25

chair: D. Carpenter, aRcaDIS u.S., Inc., brighton, MI

2:00 PMIntroductions

2:05 PMProblem Solving Through Radiometric Age Dating of nORM

D. Carpenter; ARCADIS U.S., Inc., Brighton, MIRadioactive decay of naturally occurring uranium and thorium yields specificradioactive radium isotopes. Use of sulfuric acid and other sulfate-basedreagents during mineral processing efforts can contribute to the initial dissolu-tion of these radiogenic isotopes and their subsequent precipitation within lowsolubility alkaline earth sulfate minerals. When a sufficient amount of radium ispartitioned into these sulfate minerals the precipitate is designated as aNaturally Occurring Radioactive Material or “NORM”. Through leveraging an un-derstanding of the rate of radiological decay of the radium isotopes and thebuildup of certain daughter decay products an estimate as to the age of forma-tion of the NORM may be made. This presentation will discuss age dating ap-proaches to be employed for typical NORM which lend insight into: 1) AdverseNORM deposition relative to operational changes 2) Subsequent handling andmanagement of the NORM 3) Applicability of or possible exemption from spe-cific regulations 4) Forensic assessment as to responsibility for the NORM 5) Aidis constraining the duration of risk assessments related to receptor exposure tothe NORM

2:25 PMHydrodynamic Modeling of the Physical Dispersion of Radium-Enriched Barite Aids in Understanding nORM Distribution

J. Barry, M. Erickson and D. Carpenter; ARCADIS US, Seattle, WARadium-enriched barite; a type of Naturally Occurring Radioactive Material(NORM) is frequently the dominant radioactive material within certain wastes.The very low solubility of barite in geochemically oxic, sulfate-bearing environ-ments results in barite being dispersed via physical processes. This dispersal isoften caused by surface water flow. Typically, surface gamma scanning efforts interrestrial areas can identify areas having potentially actionable radionuclideactivity. However, this brute force approach may result in areas less prone to beimpacted by barite redistribution to be overly emphasized in the investigationrelative to those areas that are most susceptible to being impacted.Consequently, application of geomorphic science coupled with sediment trans-port/deposition modeling can result in a better site investigation and data inter-pretation based on likelihood of barite accumulation. This presentation will doc-ument the conceptual behavior of barite within different geomorphology and

This is the Technical Program as of September 15, 2013. IT IS SUBJECT TO CHANGE. Please see the Onsite Program for final details.

TECHNICAL PROGRAMhydrologic regimes and the benefits of optimizing radiological scanning studydesign and data interpretation through application of geomorphology and sediment transport science.

2:45 PMRadiological Surveys of Large Land Areas in the Vicinity ofFuture or Past Uranium Mining or Milling Sites

S. Brown and R. Whicker; SENES, Denver, COLicensing or remediation of uranium mining/ milling sites, or other sites whereresource extraction or processing activities may concentrate naturally occurringradioactive materials (NORM), requires characterization of ambient gamma ra-diation exposure rates and radium-226 (Ra-226) concentrations in soil. SENEShas recently developed enhanced software for GPS-based gamma scanning sys-tems to permit automated data collection with various types of radiation detec-tion instruments. The new software allows user-defined inputs to automaticallycorrect for the energy dependence of sodium iodide (NaI)-based scintillometers,or to provide real-time estimates of soil Ra-226 concentrations, based on previ-ously established, site-specific statistical correlations. Additional enhancementsinclude use of a commercially available and relatively inexpensive GIS program(Global Mapper) that enables real-time, large-screen tracking of scan progressand ground coverage on high-quality aerial imagery of the site. User-createdshape files of topographic information, site boundaries, and desired scangrids/tracks can be overlain on the aerial imagery to ensure that scan objectivesare precisely met.

3:05 PMThe Behavior of Radium-Enriched Barite in GeochemicallyReducing Conditions Aids in Understanding Radium Anomalies

D. Carpenter1 and R. Murphy2; 1Brighton, ARCADIS U.S., Inc., Brighton,MI and 2Highlands Ranch, ARCADIS U.S., Inc., Highlands Ranch, CORadium-enriched barite (barium sulfate [BaSO4]) is arguably the dominant formof Naturally Occurring Radioactive Material (NORM) associated with certain ra-dioactively impacted wastes, including those from mining and milling efforts.The very low solubility of barite, under oxic and sulfate-bearing environments,combined with its well crystalline form results in the effective physical encapsu-lation of radium isotopes (226Ra and 228Ra) during their co-precipitation withthe barite mineralization. Within oxic and sulfate-bearing conditions, such asthose in surficial environments, the dispersion of barite is dominantly by physi-cal hydrodynamic processes. However, when barite is exposed to a geochemi-cally reducing environment sufficient to result in the bacterially-mediated de-pletion of sulfate the subsequent dissolution of barite may allow for thedissolution of previously encapsulated radium. Geochemical modeling will helpestablish the limits of barite stability and the geochemical conditions conductiveto its destabilization and dissolution and the release of co-precipitated radiumand the factors that can lead to a sufficiently reducing geochemical environmentwill be discussed.

3:25 PMRecent Experiences in Communicating with the Public andPublic Officials on new Uranium Recovery Projects

S. Brown; SENES, Denver, COThis paper describes some recent approaches, methods and experiences in try-ing to convey “radiological science” to public audiences for uranium recovery fa-cilities (uranium mining, milling and in situ recovery). The paper attempts tocapture what are some of the most common concerns heard from citizens andaddress them based on the best scientific information available. Some of themore important of these scientifically- based references are provided to supportthe information. The more common “citizen concerns” that are discussed in thispresentation include: What is uranium and where does it come from? How muchnatural uranium and associated “decay products” are already in the food we eatand water we drink everyday and in the soil under our feet? How radioactive isuranium ore compared to other consumer products we use every day that con-tain radioactive material? Are existing regulations for uranium recovery facili-ties (mines, mills, in situ recovery plants) adequate? What are the potentialhealth effects from exposure to uranium?

EnVIROnMEnTAL:International Environmental Perspectives in

Exploration and Mine Development2:00 PM • Tuesday, February 25

chair: C. Hoag, SRK consulting, Tucson, aZ

2:00 PMIntroductions

2:05 PMThe Impact of Social Media on Sustainable Mining

M. Upton; Resource Initiatives, Denver, COWhile mining companies and trade organizations spend substantial resources insustainability communications and reporting, much of the resulting material isnot read by the intended stakeholders. Instead, video and social media networksare now used and trusted by these stakeholders more readily than industry-pro-duced reports or company websites. This presentation will discuss both thechallenges and best practices in the use of “digital stakeholder relations”through social media and video by major mining companies around the world.The specific stakeholder demographics reached by social media, the time-sensi-tive nature of this digital media, and the rapid approval requirements for com-pany communications will be considered. Examples of new media used by (andagainst) the mining industry will be presented for discussion.

2:25 PMMexican Mining Industry and Environmental RegulatoryPerspectives

R. Pacchiano Alamán; SERMARNAT Ministry of Environment & Natural Resources, Mexico City, MexicoAn important premise of President Peña Nieto’s administration is to generateand promote economic growth to achieve Mexico’s true potential, while alwaysrespecting the environment. Mexico is one of the world’s largest metal produc-ers, and the geological potential is still growing. This administration works andcooperates with all relevant authorities involved in environmental policy andcompliance. In 2012, Mexico was designated the fifth best country in the worldand first in Latin America for investment attraction. The goal is to continue pro-moting this sector, be leaders in investment and development, and grow in asustainable manner coexisting with the environment.

2:45 PMHow to Build Public Support for Mines / Rosemont Copper CaseStudy-Arizona

J. Davies; Davies Public Affairs, Santa Barbara, CACommunity and environmentalist opposition toward new mines is increasingworldwide. Identifying and activating public support is essential in order to se-cure mine permits in a timely manner. Attendees will learn how to create andexecute community relations programs that organize and activate mine sup-porters to prevent lengthy delays in the permitting process. These programs arean effective tool in countering efforts to derail the mining project. Learn how theRosemont Copper Mine, in Pima County, Arizona, changed public perception ofthe mine and then built an active supporter base of more than 15,500 residentsto accelerate the Federal permitting process.

3:05 PMCuris Resources Florence Project – Environmental & CommunityApproach to a new In-Situ Copper Mine

D. Johnson; Curis Resources (Arizona) Inc., Florence, AZThe purpose of the Florence Copper project is to safely extract 1.6 billionpounds of copper from a buried porphyry copper deposit that is amenable to in-situ copper recovery (“ISCR”) methods. The ISCR process involves an injectionof highly-diluted low pH solution into the mineralized zone to dissolve copperfrom highly fractured oxide bedrock. This copper-rich solution is then pumpedup to the ground surface where it will be plated through the solvent extraction-electrowinning (“SX/EW”) copper process to produce pure copper cathode. Aswith most recent project start-ups, stakeholder engagement and environmentalpermitting take high priority and a solid strategy and identifying the right resources are essential to make a project like Florence Copper successful.

This is the Technical Program as of September 15, 2013. IT IS SUBJECT TO CHANGE. Please see the Onsite Program for final details.

TECHNICAL PROGRAM3:25 PMThe Challenge of Global Environmental Management

T. Raica; Freeport-McMoRan Copper & Gold, Phoenix,, AZWith the globalization of many organizations, ensuring consistency in approachacross the spectrum of varying regulatory structures and environmental cli-matic conditions for multiple new mining projects or expansion of existing oper-ations can be challenging. This presentation will introduce practical solutionsused by Freeport-McMoRan Copper & Gold to address these challenges throughdevelopment of sound policies, consistent principles for operating, implementa-tion of sustainable development review processes, and focusing on engagementof stakeholders throughout an organization’s portfolio.

3:45 PMSection 20 of the NI 43-101: Reporting Requirements fromExploration to Feasibility

C. Hoag and D. Garcia; SRK Consulting, Tucson, AZThe National Instrument 43-101 technical report is a standard disclosure reportdeveloped by Canadian securities regulatory agencies for mineral projects.Section 20 summarizes the environmental information and discusses potentialmaterial impacts. Topics include environmental studies; waste management,monitoring and water management; permit status plus bond requirements; so-cial or community plans and agreements; and the estimated mine closure re-quirements and costs. These criteria apply to grass-roots exploration through tofeasibility and operations. Knowing the appropriate level of detail for each stagecan be a challenge. Practical suggestions are offered to meet the criteria but alsoclearly discuss risks and potential liabilities.

4:05 PMThe Effect of Environmental Legislation on Open Pit MinesDevelopment

B. Asi1 and F. Rashidi Nejad2; 1Mining and Metals, Kavoshgaran Consulting Engineers Co., Thornhill, ON, Canada and 2School of Mining Engineering, University of New South Wales (UNSW), Sydney,NSW, AustraliaMining companies are required to follow stringent environmental regulations inorder to minimize the possible adverse impact of mining activities on humanhealth and welfare. These regulations require the common steps of environmen-tal impact assessment and development of environmental management plans tobe carried out during operations and after closure of mine. In some areas, par-ticularly in the developing world, such regulations may not be enforced to theirfull extent by governments. The aim of this research is the economic assessmentof mine development in a way that it will benefit people and minimize potentialnegative impacts on the environment. For this purpose, the potential environ-mental and social impacts that a community may experience during mine development are defined. The model prescribed is tested with real data from themining industry of a developing country. It is concluded that although environmental legislation can adversely affect mines development in developingcountries but accurate prior planning for operations and closure of mines, canmitigate these impacts to a large extent and hence facilitate the development ofthe mining industry in such countries.

INDUSTRIAL MINERALS & AGGREGATES:Challenges in Tailings Processing

2:00 PM • Tuesday, February 25Chairs: V. Gupta, FLSmidth, Midvale, UT

S. Ravishankar, Cytec Industries, Stamford, CT

2:00 PMIntroductions

2:05 PMThick Lift DeWatering of Oil Sand Tailings using Smoldering

S. Hickman1, B. Jajuee1 and G. Rockwell2; 1Oil Sands Development andResearch, Imperial Oil, Calgary, AB, Canada and 2Sarnia Research Center, Imperial Oil, Sarnia, ON, CanadaThick-lift drying technology includes flocculation of tailings followed by forma-tion of thick deposits for natural dewatering. The thick lift process is desirable

owing to its simplicity and smaller footprint compared to thin-lift drying.Although there is a significant performance improvement through optimizationof this process, the biggest challenge remains to be insufficient strength in theinternal layers of thick deposits due to high water content in the deposits. Thedewatering performance of thick-lift deposits can be enhanced by smoldering anumber of thickened TSRU or FFT columns (or tubes) embedded in the thick de-posit as these tailings contain residual hydrocarbons. Thickened TSRU or FFTcolumns may be mixed with sand to improve their permeability for better aera-tion and smoldering. The heat generated from the smoldering reaction is ex-pected to accelerate the dewatering process of thick-lift deposits. This processcan be achieved with minimal investment in facilities. This paper describes thesmoldering process, potential benefits, and experimental results from laboratory experiments.

2:25 PMFlocculation and Dewatering Process of a Gold Mining Tailing

B. Li; Michigan Technological University, Houghton, MICharacteristics and dewatering process of a gold mine tailing were investigated.The tailing mainly consists of muscovite and chlorite with fine particle size, highwater content, and high turbidity in water dilution . Several commercial floccu-lant products including iron chloride and high molecular weight polymers wereselected for water removal process. The results shown that the addition of ironchloride solution led to a low sedimentation. High molecular weight polymerwere unable to obtain clarified water with individual product. Transparentwater was got by combined polymers.

2:45 PMSynthesis of Chrysotile Asbestos Tailing Glass-ceramics andApplied Mineralogy

T. Peng1, H. Sun2, W. Ding3 and G. Zhou4; 1Analytical and Testing Center; Institute of Mineral Materials & Application, Southwest University of Science and Technology, Mianyang, China; 2Institute ofMineral Materials & Application, Southwest University of Science andTechnology, Mianyang, China; 3Institute of Mineral Materials & Application, Southwest University of Science and Technology, Mianyang, China and 4Institute of Mineral Materials & Application,Southwest University of Science and Technology, Mianyang, ChinaThe amount of chrysotile asbestos tailing increased constantly in the process ofexploiting chrysotile asbestos, which is easily to cause environmental pollution.Therefore, the utilization of the tailing has been a serious challenge owing to thereinforcement of environmental protection. Using the chrysotile asbestos tail-ings, limestone, and quartz sand with a small amount of chemical agents duringthe sintering process, the glass-ceramics of chrysotile asbestos tailings wereprepared. The optimum heat treatment conditions were determined throughanalysis and experimental works. Influence of heat treatment conditions on mi-crostructure and properties of glass-ceramics were investigated, and obtainedthe trend of microstructure and properties along with heat treatment condi-tions. The applied mineralogy research showed that the chrysotile asbestos tail-ing glass-ceramics have integrated well physical and chemical properties, sothat it can substitute for part of natural stone in building decoration or miningengineering.

3:05 PMFrom Original Rock to Tailings: A Methodology For RapidScreening of Complete Sample Chemistry With An Eye TowardsRare Metal Contents

A. Koenig; Central Mineral and Environmental Resources ScienceCenter, US Geological Survey, Denver, COWith an increased interest in rare metals that go by a variety of classificationslists or names such as strategic metals, rare metals, energy critical elements, etc.there is a need for methodologies that rapidly screen rocks, tailings and otherassociated samples for the full periodic table of elements. The US GeologicalSurvey (USGS) is currently research these rare metals in many ways. At theLaser Ablation ICP-MS (LA-ICP-MS) Facility in Denver, Colorado, the USGS hasdeveloped a novel methodology that utilizes LA-ICP-MS to rapidly analyze pel-lets of virtually any type of powder for the full periodic table (Li to U minus Fand the noble gases). Now utilizing this method to provide a comprehensive ele-mental database for over 2,000 samples, this project has discovered a wealth ofmetals in historic rocks, tailings and waste. This presentation will summarizehow this data can be applied to the wide range of ore processing related samplesand will allow decisions makers and industry to discuss the value added in thevarious pathways from rock to waste. A number of surprising discoveries of ele-vated rare metal contents in these associated rocks will be presented.

This is the Technical Program as of September 15, 2013. IT IS SUBJECT TO CHANGE. Please see the Onsite Program for final details.

TECHNICAL PROGRAM3:25 PMIron Ore Tailings Reprocessing to Maximize Ore Production

I. Sherrell1 and K. Smale2; 1Outotec, Jessup, MD and 2Outotec, Johannesburg, South AfricaWorldwide iron ore feed grades are trending downward and will continue todecrease with difficult to upgrade ores becoming much more prominent. This isleading to operations examining ways to capture current tailings that still con-tain valuable material. In the past these were acceptable to dispose of but areno longer economically feasible. Operations are also looking at re-mining previ-ous tailings deposits that could be 10, 20, 50 or more years old. New equipmentdesigns have been introduced on the market, since the initial designs of thesecurrent or historical beneficiation plants, that can effectively upgrade thesetailings in to saleable products. A review of equipment required to economi-cally process these tailings is given along with testing data and industrial implementation examples.

3:45 PMBioleaching of Arsenic from Mine Tailings by AcidithiobacillusThiooxidans : A Comparative Study

E. Lee1, Y. Han1, J. Park2, U. Choi2, K. Yoo3, S. Kim1 and H. Kim1;1Dept. of Mineral Resources and Energy Engineering, Chonbuk National University, Jeonju, Republic of Korea; 2Institute of MineReclamation Corporation, Seoul, Republic of Korea and 3Korea Maritime University, Busan, Republic of KoreaArsenic leaching behavior from a mine tailing by Acidithiobacillus thiooxidans(A. thiooxidans) was investigated in well-controlled batch reactors. Bioleachingexperiments were carried out using the tailings (Janggun mine, South Korea)with the arsenic content of ca. 33,000 ppm and the mean particle size 73 μm byvarying temperature (25–40 oC, pulp density=0.5%, pH=1.8), pulp density (0.5–4%, pH=1.8, temp=30 oC), and initial pH (1.8–2.2, pulp density=0.5%, temp=30oC). The reaction speed and initial cell concentration were fixed to 150 rpm and1x107 cells/ml, respectively. To complement arsenic leaching behavior, pH,ORP, sulfate production, and surface morphology analyses were carried outunder the same conditions as leaching tests. Overall, the arsenic leaching effi-ciency increased with decreasing pulp density, increasing pH, and decreasingtemperature. Arsenic bioleaching efficiency by A. thiooxidans was found to beenhanced by the oxidation of both the added elemental sulfur and the sulfurcompounds in the mine tailings.

4:05 PMRecovery of Iron Values from Plant Tailings by PhysicalBeneficiation

S. Biswal; Mineral Processing, CSIR-IMMT, Bhubaneswar, IndiaIron ores are valuable natural resources and it is the vital raw materials for ironand steel industries. The depleting of high grade iron ore resources, it is neces-sary to recover the iron values from existing slimes and tailings through physicalbeneficiation. In this study iron ore tailings samples were collected from twoiron ore beneficiation plants i.e., BMM Ispat Ltd., Hospet and Essar Steel Ltd.,Kirandul having different mineralogical, physical and chemical characteristics.The detailed quantitative mineralogical study was also carried out to determinethe percentage of different mineral phases present in these samples. It has beenobserved that goethite and kaolinite percentage are more in BMM Ispat sample.By column flotation process, it is possible to get iron ore concentrate of about59% Fe with around 25% yield. In case of Essar Steel sample, goethite amount ishigh. By magnetic separation or flotation or combination of both processes, it ispossible to get around 25-30% yield at 65-66% Fe content. Keywords: Columnflotation; Iron ore tailings; Flotation; Recovery of iron value

4:25 PMStudies on Recovery of Iron from the Tailings of theArcelormittal Concentrator Plant, Serra Azul, Brazil

U. Kodukula1, H. Kokal1, M. Andrade1, A. Araujo2, S. Filho3 and D. Amariei4; 1Research & Development, ArcelorMittal USA LLC, EastChicago, IN; 2Mining & Mineral Processing Research Center, Arcelor-Mittal Mining, Maizieres-les-Metz, France; 3Mining, ArcelorMittalMines, Belo Horizonte, Brazil and 4Research, COREM, Quebec, QC,CanadaThe iron ore beneficiation plant at Serra-Azul Mines of ArcelorMittal, Brazil has acapacity of 3.2 million tons per year. Tailings include classifier overflow of 135t/h and thickener underflow of 48 t/h. An experimental program was performedusing a water-injected cyclone (WIC), Multi-gravity separator (MGS), and wet,

high-intensity magnetic separator (WHIMS) to recover the iron values from thetailing streams. The classifier overflow contained 32.1 percent iron, and thethickener underflow sample contained 47.9 percent iron. Separation on the clas-sifier overflow sample with the MGS resulted in a concentrate containing 62 per-cent of iron with a weight recovery of 24.5 percent. The results with WHIMS indi-cated that a concentrate containing 62.6 percent iron can be achieved at a weightrecovery of 31.9 percent. Separation on the thickener underflow sample with theMGS resulted in a high-grade concentrate containing 68.3 percent Fe, but at only5.2 percent weight recovery. The results with a WHIMS were 62.8 percent ironwith a weight recovery of 57.2 percent. Based on these results, WHIMS is beingimplemented in the operating plant at ArcelorMittal Serra Azul Mines, Brazil.

4:45 PMRecovering Iron Values from Indian Iron Ore Tailings

B. Das and B. Mishra; Mineral Processing, CSIR-Institute of Mineralsand Materials Technology, Bhubaneswar, IndiaIn India during processing of iron ore around 10-12 million tons of tailings aregenerated every year and discarded into tailings ponds. With the depletion ofhigh grade iron ore resources, it is now become obligatory on all mining indus-tries to explore low grade ores which were otherwise considered as waste. Acritical assessment of future requirements and ore dependence indicate thatmost likely iron ore tailings generated would be considered as the major re-source base. The tailings materials are in fine form assaying around 49-60% Fe,5-8% SiO2, and 6-10% Al2O3. However, the beneficiation and utilization of suchtailings is a problem due to association of iron oxide minerals with finely dis-seminated alumina bearing minerals. Alumina contributed by clay, gibbsite, andgoethite occurs as coating, cavity fillings and also as solid solution in iron oxideminerals creating problems in beneficiation. The generation of slimes from dif-ferent mines, mineralogy, and utilization by advanced beneficiation techniquesare discussed. In many cases it is possible to achieve ~60% Fe iron concentrateby magnetic or flotation techniques suitable for pellet feed.

INDUSTRIAL MINERALS & AGGREGATES:Permitting – It’s All About Air, Water,

and People2:00 PM • Tuesday, February 25

Chair: B. Archibald, Archibald Consulting Group, LLC, Elburn, IL

2:00 PMIntroductions

2:05 PMInnovative Plant Design to Eliminate Air Emissions

H. White; Turnkey Processing Solutions, LLC, Warrenville, ILThis session will offer an overview of methods, equipment, and techniques usedto eliminate air emissions and facilitate the permitting process. We will also dis-cuss lessons learned from starting up new frac sand drying, screening, storage,and loading facilities.

2:25 PMReducing Permitting Time Through Community Understanding

B. Weaver; Archibald Consulting Group, LLC, Elburn, ILThis session will highlight the benefits of early and regular communications re-garding a proposed project. Ms. Weaver will also address the ways to audit thecommunity surrounding an operation to determine the community’s prioritiesand the best operational practices that may be required to reduce permittinglead times and requirements.

2:45 PMEquipment Selection to Optimize Efficiency, Minimize Cost andExpedite the Permitting Process

S. O’Brien; McLanahan Corporation, Hollidaysburg, PAThis session will offer a fresh look at plant operations with the intent to maximize water recovery, eliminate water discharge risks, and produce a manageable waste product. The benefits from this kind of design are not onlylower operating costs but also less cumbersome permitting requirements.

This is the Technical Program as of September 15, 2013. IT IS SUBJECT TO CHANGE. Please see the Onsite Program for final details.

TECHNICAL PROGRAM3:05 PMEfficient Air Quality Auditing

K. Evans; Civil & Environmental Consultants, Inc., Pittsburgh, PAAir quality audits, or assessments, of permitted facilities are very useful inpreparation for agency audits, reinforcing environmental management systems,and verification of continuous compliance with permit terms and conditions. Asignificant number of permitted sources are required to submit compliance cer-tifications to their respective regulatory agencies on an annual or semi-annualbasis. Presuming that compliance certifications have been correctly prepared toinclude each permit term and condition, they can be used as the basis for con-ducting a thorough formal or informal air quality audit at the affected facility.This paper addresses how to efficiently use the compliance certification for auditing purposes, how to conduct an air quality audit, and how to create ameaningful audit report.

3:25 PMThe Political Side of Permitting: How to Neutralize Oppositionand Build Support for Controversial Projects

D. Copeland; Calvert Street Group, Nashville, TNAs developers seek to permit a new site or expansion, the Not In My Back Yard(NIMBY) crowd can derail the best-laid plans. The mining industry is often mis-understood by the general public, so an effective education campaign can helpsecure necessary permits on even the most contentious issues. This presenta-tion will highlight community and public relations techniques such as: pre-empting negative information; sharing positive information; engaging stake-holders; handling angry constituents; managing elected officials; pressmanagement; strategic sponsorships/events. Using case studies we’ll explorehow effective outreach and community education on NIMBY concerns (such asair and water pollution, property values, wildlife) can bring supporters to thetable and overcome opposition to mining sites. Some of the campaign tacticshighlighted in the presentation will be: using voter data to target potential supporters; door-to-door outreach; building a database; and community engagement. Presentation can accompany PowerPoint slides if appropriate.

3:45 PMReducing Permitting Time Through Innovative Water HandlingSystems Design

J. Cross; Turnkey Processing Solutions, LLC, Warrenville, ILThis session will offer an overview of methods, equipment, and techniques usedto eliminate water emissions to reduce permitting time and operating expense.We will also discuss lessons learned from starting up new greenfield mining andprocessing operations.

INTERNATIONAL:International II

2:00 PM • Tuesday, February 25Chair: M. Gavrilovic, GR Engineering Services, Denver, CO

2:00 PMIntroductions

2:05 PMThe Shahuindo Gold Project, Peru

J. Milbourne; Sulliden Gold Corporation, Toronto, ON, CanadaThe Shahuindo Gold Project is planned to be a 10,000 ton per day open pit heapleach located in the province of Cajamarca in northern Peru approximately 15km west of the town of Cajabamba. The project will produce approximately90,000 equivalent gold ounces per year over its 10.4 year mine life. The projecthas favorable metallurgy, proximity to infrastructure and an innovative watermanagement system. The process involves 2 stages of crushing to produce a100% passing 32 mm product that will be agglomerated with cement and conveyor stacked. Gold recovery will be via conventional Adsorption DesorptionRefining (ARD) plant.

2:25 PMPlant Design for Gold to Reduce the Use of Mercury in ArtisanalMining in Segovia Region in the NE of Colombia

O. Restrepo Baena1, D. Chaverra1 and O. Garcia2; 1Materials and Minerals, Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Medellin, Colombia and2Biored, Medellin, ColombiaMining activity in the Segovia region in NE Colombia is the main source of em-ployment in the local economy. This has created major problems of illegality andinformality mining associated with a high social and environmental impact, asinefficient technologies are used and high consumption of toxic substances re-quired in the process of gold recovery by amalgamation and cyanidation. In thiswork is presented mineralogical characterization of six local mills and studiedbeneficiation processes developed in them. With the results presented a proposed plant design that eliminates the use of mercury by replacing gravityconcentration processes taking advantage of the characteristics of the treatedmaterial. Significant results were obtained regarding the recovery of preciousmetals and present a methodology that can be replicated in other mineral bene-ficiation plants that use gold amalgamation processes. This implies a significantreduction in mercury use and decreased risk of human contamination associated with this.

2:45 PMMinewater Treatment from Faro Mine in the Yukon

J. Stefanoff; CH2M Hill, Spokane, WAThe Faro Mine was an enterprise of Cyprus Anvil Mining Corporation. It beganproducing lead and zinc in the Yukon Territory of Canada in 1969 and ran for 40years before shutting down in 1998. When first established the Faro Mine repre-sented over a third of the economy of Yukon, and by the mid 1970’s was thelargest lead/zinc mine in Canada. For a brief period it was the largest operatingopen-pit lead/zinc mine in the world. Reclamation is now being undertaken bythe Yukon Territory and funded by the federal government of Canada. The engi-neering consultant for water treatment is CH2M Hill. There will be an interimwater treatment plant in place to handle minewater produced during the warmmonths from 2014 to 2017 and a permanent high-density water treatment plantthat will start up in the spring of 2018. In addition there is ongoing demolition/reclamation of the surface facilities that will take several years.

3:05 PMYanacocha Water Management

J. Croall; Newmont Mining Corporation, Englewood, COThe Yanacocha mine, located in Northern Peru and situated high in the Andesmountains has significant water related challenges. Currently Yanacocha treats8,850 m3/hr of mine impacted water, including acid water treatment by limeprecipitation and process water treatment by reverse osmosis. Site activities ne-cessitate expansions of these facilities. The next largest mine water treatmentoperation in Peru is only 2500 m3/hr. Recently, Peru passed new water qualitydischarge regulations (ECA’s) that are much more restrictive than currentPeruvian and many international standards. To achieve compliance with thesenew regulations, Yanacocha must update its Water Management Strategy andCompliance Plan, modify the site water management system, and demonstratedischarge compliance with new and existing technology. Concurrently, demon-stration of future compliance for the operation requires exhaustive assessmentof the site climate, geochemistry and treatment technology performance. Thishas been carried out and is included in the construction of a comprehensive “sitewide water balance model”. Bench Scale, Lab and Pilot Plant testing campaignsare also discussed.

3:25 PMThe Impact of HPGR Technology on the Mount Todd ProcessFlowsheet

J. Rozelle; Vista Gold Corporation, Littleton, COIt is a well-known fact that the Mt Todd Gold Project ores are hard with an aver-age Bond Work Index (BWi) of 26. It is an equally well established fact thatunder the correct circ*mstances, High Pressure Grinding Roll (HPGR) technol-ogy can offer both physical and operating cost enhancements. What may not beas well-known is the fact that HPGR technology was considered in 1995 for theMt Todd project, but was deemed to be “too experimental” from an operationaland financing perspective. However, between 1995 and the present, HPGR tech-nology has become well established in modern mining operations around theglobe and has proven to offer operating and cost advantages when correctly ap-plied. This presentation will address the incorporation of HPGR technology into

This is the Technical Program as of September 15, 2013. IT IS SUBJECT TO CHANGE. Please see the Onsite Program for final details.

TECHNICAL PROGRAMthe Mt Todd process flowsheet and the expected advantages within the comminution circuit and mill operating costs. The Mount Todd project is locatedin the Northern Territory, Australia.

3:45 PMThe Dry Comminution of Ores and Minerals

J. Ventosilla; School of Metallurgy, San Marcos University, Lima, PeruThe presentation covers the topic of dry comminution of ores and minerals. It isconcerned not only with crushers and crushing circuits but also the auxiliaryequipment such as classifiers, screens, conveyors, feeders, bins and stockpilesfor processing plants such as concentrators, leaching plants and aggregateplants for the construction industry. Examples of dry ore comminution includesthe preparation of feed for grinding mills, dump and heap leaching, roasters andfuming kilns. Examples of dry comminution of rocks include aggregate prepara-tion for road building and concrete needs. Also dry comminution is used to prepare feed to cement kilns. The purpose of the presentation was to collect in-formation for a book on the subject of crushing operation, design calculation,maintenance and energy saving.

MINERAL & METALLURGIAL PROCESSING:Flotation I

2:00 PM • Tuesday, February 25Chairs: S. Miskovic, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT

T. Olson, FLSmidth, Midvale, UT

9:00 AMIntroductions

9:05 AMThe Effect of Impeller Blade Design on Turbulent Kinetic Energyand Energy Dissipation Rates in Flotation Cells

M. Basavarajappa and S. Miskovic; Metallurgical Engineering, University of Utah, Salt Lake CIty, UTFlow patterns generated by different impeller blade shapes in flotation cells areinvestigated using computational fluid dynamics (CFD). A lab scale cylindricaltank of 300 mm diameter D and height H (D=H) is used with a 12-blade circularstator around the impeller. Five radial impeller (six blades) designs with varyingsurface areas and vertical lip lengths, each with diameter d equal to 60 mm, areconsidered to study turbulent kinetic energy, k, and energy dissipation rate, ε, inthe vicinity of the impeller. The gap between impeller blade tip and stator is 12mm (d/5) and the impeller tip speed ranged between 2 - 5 m/s. Realizable k-εturbulence model is used and moving reference frame (MRF) approach is usedto model impeller motion. The lip length is found to strongly affect generation ofturbulence, trailing vortex strength, and flow momentum in the radial jet created due to the impeller motion. Understanding the flow characteristics developed by different blade shapes will lead to less arbitrary impeller design choices.

9:25 AMUsing Electrical Resistance Tomography (ERT) to UnderstandSolids Mixing and Suspension Characteristics in Flotation Cells

M. Basavarajappa and S. Miskovic; Metallurgical Engineering, University of Utah, Salt Lake CIty, UTElectrical resistance tomography (ERT), a non-invasive flow visualization andmeasurement technique is employed to study suspension characteristics of solidparticles in flotation cells. Two lab-scale flotation tanks of sizes 12 and 18 inch(diameter, D = height, H) with four vertical baffles (width = D/10) are used. Astandard flotation impeller with diameter d ranging from 20 - 40 % of tank di-ameter is used to suspend the solid particles. Glass beads with diameter rangingfrom 100 – 1000 mm are used with varying mass loading (w/w) ranging from 10– 30 %. Using transient 2D horizontal tomograms at various vertical levels, a 3Dtomograph of temporal solids concentration distribution inside the tank can beobtained. Various effects like (a) time required for flow to suspend particle bedfrom rest, (b) effect of particle size on just suspension impeller speed, (c) effectof solids loading on concentration profiles at different impeller speeds, and d)effect of impeller size and agitation rate, are investigated. This study is a first ofits kind to report detailed temporal evolution of solids distribution under widerange of conditions in flotation cells.

9:45 AMCFD Simulation of Bubble Size Distribution in Wemco Flotation Cells

H. Fayed and S. Ragab; Engineering Science and Mechanics, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VAIn minerals flotation machines, bubble size distribution has great effects on therecovery rate. The distribution depends on certain physical flow characteristicssuch as local shear, local turbulent dissipation rate and air/water surface ten-sion coefficient. CFD simulation of flotation machines provides locally all thesephysical parameters that can be used to predict bubble size distribution. The ob-jective of this paper is to predict bubble size distribution in Wemco 0.8 m3 pilotcell using hom*ogeneous MUSIG model in CFX. We modified some coefficientwithin this model to obtain good agreement with available experimental data.

10:05 AMNano-scale Imaging of Bubble-Particle Interaction and DirectForce Measurement

R. Yoon and L. Pan; Mining and Minerals Engineering, Virginia Tech,Blacksburg, VADirect force measurement for bubble-particle interaction is difficult due to thedeformation of air bubbles during the measurement, particularly on hydropho-bic surfaces. A new force apparatus has been developed to not only measure theforces directly but also record the images of the fast-evolving wetting films witha nano-scale resolution. The measured forces have been analyzed to determineboth the hydrodynamic and surface forces acting during bubble-particle interac-tions. Effects of approach velocity, contact angles, and ζ-potentials have beenstudied. The results show that hydrophobic force is the major driving force forbubble-particle attachment.

10:25 AMThe Effect of Clay Minerals on Froth Flotation: Swelling versusNon-swelling Clays

S. Farrokhpay1, B. Ndlovu2 and D. Bradshaw3; 1JKMRC, University ofQueensland, Indooroopilly, QLD, Australia; 2JKMRC, University ofQueensland, Indooroopilly, QLD, Australia and 3JKMRC, University ofQueensland, Indooroopilly, QLD, AustraliaThe increased beneficiation of progressively more complex low grade sulphideores has highlighted the importance of developing strategies to process orescontaining various clay minerals by flotation. The deleterious effects of clays onflotation performance are widely acknowledged but the mechanisms and con-centrations involved for different minerals are not clearly established. Onemajor parameter is the difference between swelling and non-swelling clayswhich is evaluated in this study. The ore slurry pulp rheology and froth stabilitywere monitored in the absence and presence of different clay minerals includingkaolinite, montmorillonite, muscovite and illite. While all clays can affect theflotation due to their small size, it was found that swelling clays such montmo-rillonite greatly affect the flotation performance mainly via affecting the rheology. On the other hand, non-swelling clays such as illite were found to beless influential on the flotation preference, however, some non-swelling clayssuch as muscovite affect the flotation via increasing the froth stability.

10:45 AMBiological Depression of Pyrite in Coal Flotation using a MixCulture of Thiobacillus Thiooxidans, Thiobacillus Ferrooxidansand Leptospirillum Ferroooxidans

E. Abaie1, E. Mozaffari2 and M. Samadzadeh yazdi3; 1School of MiningEngineering, College of Engineering, Imam Khomeini InternationalUniversity, Qazvin, Islamic Republic of Iran; 2School of Mining Engineering, College of Engineering, Imam Khomeini InternationalUniversity, Qazvin, Islamic Republic of Iran and 3School of Mining Engineering, College of Engineering, Tarbiat Modarres University,Tehran, Islamic Republic of IranHigh sulfur content of coal concentrate makes it not proper for metallurgical in-dustry, as sulfur changes to sulfur dioxide gas during the combustion, causingequipment corrosion and environmental problems. So removing the sulfuramount of coal is necessary before the combustion. Bioflotation is a potentialmethod for removing pyritic sulfur from coal as a substitution for usage of de-pressant reagents like sodium cyanide. In this study, a mix culture ofThiobacillus Thiooxidans, Thiobacillus Ferrooxidans and LeptospirillumFerrooxidans were used in coal flotation to remove pyritic sulfur from coal. The

This is the Technical Program as of September 15, 2013. IT IS SUBJECT TO CHANGE. Please see the Onsite Program for final details.

TECHNICAL PROGRAMflotation behavior of coal and pyrite compared in conventional and biologicallyassisted flotation tests. The effects of parameters such as bacterial concentra-tion, conditioning time, collector dosage and froth collection time on coal recov-ery and reduction of sulfur in concentrate, were studied. The results showed ahigh sensitivity of sulfur removal to collector dosage in bioflotation tests.

11:05 AMRare Earth Flotation Fundamentals: A Review

C. Anderson, P. Taylor and C. Anderson; Kroll Institute for ExtractiveMetallurgy, Colorado School of Mines, Golden, COFroth flotation is one of the most commonly used concentration steps in mineralprocessing; the rare earth industry is no exception. This paper presents a reviewof work previously performed on the fundamentals of rare earth flotation, aswell as, results from research currently being performed at the Colorado Schoolof Mines.

11:25 AMSafe and Sustainable Solutions as Alternatives to HazardousModifiers Such as NaSH and Nokes

M. Vasudevan and D. Nagaraj; Mineral Processing R&D, Cytec Industries Inc., Stamford, CTHazardous modifiers such as NaSH, Nokes, Na2S and Cyanide are routinely usedin Cu-Mo separations worldwide. These modifiers are associated with serioussafety concerns, as they are harmful and have a high propensity to generatelarge amounts of H2S, a toxic, poisonous gas with bad stench. Although the in-dustry has been on the lookout for a safer and more sustainable alternative, tilldate, it continues to use these hazardous chemicals for lack of a better solution.Cytec Industries has developed a novel modifier – Aero®7260 HFP, which is asafe, versatile, and highly effective Cu sulfide and pyrite depressant with a muchbroader applicability. This paper mainly focuses on the application and benefitsof using AERO®7260 HFP in Cu-Mo separations.

MINERAL & METALLURGICAL PROCESSING:Fundamental and Applied Advances in MineralProcessing: A SME/IMPC Tribute to Professor

Douglas W. Fuerstenau II2:00 PM • Tuesday, February 25

Chairs: J. Herbst, Metso Minerals, Kailua Kona, HI B. Moudgil, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL

2:00 PMIntroductions

2:05 PMThe Dynamic of Slurry Flow in Pulp Lifters

R. Rajamani1, G. Soldevilla2, J. Delgadillo2 and S. Latchireddi1; 1Metallurgical Engineering Dept., The University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT and 2Ingeneria Minerales Dept., Universidad Autonoma de San Luis Potasi, San Luis Potasi, MexicoIn the early 70s, Prof. Douglas Fuerstenau laid out the basic frame work of en-ergy specific breakage rate function in the context of the population balancemodel. This singular contribution enabled accurate prediction of plant ball millperformance from lab scale work on mills as small as 10 inch in diameter.However, in the early 80s, the emergence of SAG mills eclipsed the ongoing re-search and development in ball mills. Furthermore, the large energy investmentin SAG mill drew everyone’s attention to these large diameter mills. In somequarters, the rate concept is being pursued in SAG mills as well. In this paper wepresent the slurry flow dynamics in the pulp lifters of a SAG mill. First, experi-mental video flow pattern observed in a pulp lifter chamber of mill diameter 1.5m is shown. Then flow structure is shown both for radial and curved pulp lifter.Next, the flow structure is predicted with computational fluid dynamic package.Finally, the advances made in pulp lifter technology are discussed in the contextof two plant operations.

2:25 PMA Fundamental Approach to Comminution Equipment Design –Hydraulic Roll Crusher Design Case Study

J. Herbst; Metso Minerals, Kailua Kona, HIThis presentation reviews the fundamental considerations that led ProfessorKlaus Schönert to the invention of the High Pressure Grinding Roll (HPGR).Subsequent fundamental developments in this inherently energy efficient con-cept are also described. In this regard basic research by Professor DouglasFuerstenau et.al and researchers from the JKMRC has contributed to our under-standing of inter-particle breakage under high pressure. Finally, Metso model-ing and design refinements are described which ultimately resulted in the cur-rent end member equipment in the progression from early HPGR, current HPGRand Hydraulic Roll Crusher (HRC) equipment. Highlights of the testing of theHRC design are presented.

2:45 PMPositron Visualisation of Flotation Particles and Liquid toValidate CFD models

J. Cilliers; Department of Earth Science and Engineering, Imperial College London, London, United KingdomPositron emission particle tracking (PEPT) reveals the behaviour of particles inlaboratory scale flotation vessels. Positron emission tomography (PET) is usedto determine the distribution of a liquid tracer in the froth. Recent develop-ments in PEPT techniques use small tracers (~200mm) in the froth and can pro-duce high resolution (~2mm) images of the pulp phase. Differences in the time-averaged behaviour of hydrophilic and hydrophobic particles in the pulp can bereliably detected, and visualised using the track of an individual particle in thepulp and the froth. A transient, 3-D, froth simulator was developed using com-putational fluid dynamics (CFD) that describes the transport of gas, liquid andsolids. The behaviour of attached and unattached particles is coupled with thefoam flow and liquid drainage. Simulations show predicted effects of operatingconditions and design on concentrate grade and recovery. The CFD model predictions can be compared with the PET and PEPT data. Measured froth liquidfractions from PET are used to assess coalescence regions in the froth. Particlebehaviours are compared to CFD simulations.

3:05 PMRational Design of Flotation Reagents and Molecular Modeling ofthe Interfacial Wetting Phenomena at Mineral/Water InterfacesPradip and Beena Rai Tata Consultancy Services Ltd

P. Pradip; Tata Research Developmenta and Design Centre, Tata Consultancy Services Ltd., Pune, IndiaThe design (and selection) of highly selective flotation reagents remains a chal-lenging task. We present in this paper a scientific design methodology based oncurrently available molecular modeling tools for arriving at the most suitablereagent combination for a given flotation separation problem. We have demon-strated that the theoretical interaction energy computations with the help of anappropriate combination of molecular mechanics, ab-initio and molecular dy-namics (MD) simulations provide us a quantitative measure of the relative effi-ciency of a particular mineral surface-reagent combination vis-à-vis others. Wehave successfully modeled the self-assembly and the wetting phenomena occurring at mineral-water interfaces and thus predicted the contact angles in presence of self-assembled surfactant monolayers (SAM) with remarkable accuracy. The power and the utility of our innovative approach are illustratedwith a few selected examples taken from our own work involving four familiesof reagents, namely fatty acids, alkyl-hydroxamates, di-phosphonic acids andSALO derivatives for the beneficiation of several ores.

3:25 PMImproved Image Fidelity in the 3D Tomographic Analysis ofPacked Particle Beds

J. Miller; Metallurgical Engineering, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UTHigh resolution X-ray micro tomography (HRXMT) of packed particle beds hasbeen used in mineral processing technology to describe the 3D characteristics ofparticle size, particle shape, mineral exposure, mineral liberation, particle dam-age state, and reaction progress. Advances in both hardware (x-ray source, spe-cial x-ray optics, detector, etc.) and software (3D image processing, filtering, ma-chine learning, etc.) account for the significant progress achieved in the use ofHRXMT by mineral processing engineers. Now, further advances in the use of

This is the Technical Program as of September 15, 2013. IT IS SUBJECT TO CHANGE. Please see the Onsite Program for final details.

TECHNICAL PROGRAMhardware and the development of software are reported which allow for im-proved image fidelity as illustrated by selected examples including dual energy(DE) scanning and correction for the partial volume effect during image analysis.

3:45 PMThermo-sensitive Sorting of Plastics in Waste Recycling

J. Schoenherr1, M. Labbert1, T. Baloun1 and H. Kuyumcu2; 1iTN, ZittauUniversity of Applied Sciences, Zittau, Germany and 2Institute of Minerals Processing and Chemical Engineering, Berlin Technical University, Berlin, GermanyPlastics recycling is a way of protecting the environment and conserving naturalresources. Aim is production of secondary materials with the same properties asthe virgin materials. But various problems such as overlapping properties val-ues, composite materials, and compound variations prevent achieving good re-cycling rates and high product qualities using conventional sorting processeslike density or NIR separation. It is therefore advisable to utilize other materialproperties as separation characteristics. Zitttau University investigated thermo-sensitive sorting process. Process involves selective dielectric heating of plasticsspheres in a microwave field followed by a non-contact temperature measure-ment with help of infrared detection and rejection of wanted plastics finally. Theplastics spheres can be identified and separated from each other by means oftemperatures respectively temperature differences. Parameters influencing thedielectric heating, such as particle size and geometry, water content, fed microwave power, and plastics materials properties, were explored. The currentresults on thermo-sensitive sorting of plastics out of waste show its niceprospective.

MINERAL & METALLURGICAL PROCESSING:Plant Design

2:00 PM • Tuesday, February 25Chairs: J. Lommen, Soccoro, NM

T. Doubleday, Freeport-McMoRan Copper and Gold Inc., Morenci, AZ

2:00 PMIntroductions

2:05 PMManagement of Corrosion in Agitated Nickel Extraction Vessels

T. Johnson; Ashland Performance Materials, Dublin, OHAgitated Nickel extraction vessels present a special challenge to design engi-neers when it comes to controlling corrosion. Highly corrosive hydrochloric acidis typically used to extract nickel from the agitated slurry. In addition, the agi-tated ore slurry creates an erosive environment to further accelerate attack onthe vessel walls. In this application, metal alloys are at a significant disadvan-tage. Properly designed and fabricated FRP systems, however, are much lesssusceptible to corrosion and erosion in this environment. Laboratory data andfield case histories demonstrate the superior performance of FRP to managecorrosion in agitated nickel extraction vessels.

2:25 PMSlurry-flow Pressure Drop in Pipes with Modified WASP Method

T. Mali and V. Khudabadi; Automation Solutions, Andritz Inc., Bangalore, IndiaDesign engineers are still facing many challenges with respect to design of slurrypipes as a function of Solids % and Particle Size Distribution (PSD). The industryrequirement is to transfer slurries at the maximum concentration (above 30%(volume %)) to make slurry transport economically more viable. The objective ofthis study is to overcome the limited range of applicability and validity of existingcorrelations and to develop a generalized but more rigorous correlation that canpredict slurry pressure drops over a wide range of operating conditions. The ex-isting WASP et al. (1977) method is based on multi-phase flow modeling ap-proach. This study attempts to modify this approach by considering material-specific values of Durand’s equation co-efficient and by defining flow regimesbased on particle Reynolds number. When compared with experimental data, themodified WASP method predicts the pressure drops more accurately than otheravailable correlations. The proposed method can be easily implemented in designing slurry pipes, design validation, study of different slurry transport scenarios and to predict pressure drops in dynamic pressure flow networks.

2:45 PMOptimum Heap Height and Recovery from Column Leach Tests

T. Apelt1, M. Short1, L. Stefan3 and D. Blakeman2; 1GBM MEC Ltd, London, United Kingdom; 2GBM MEC (USA) Ltd, Denver, CO and 3Macusani Yellowcake Inc., Toronto, ON, CanadaMacusani Yellowcake Incorporated (MYI) is investigating the exploitation of itsproperties on the Macusani Plateau in south-eastern Peru. GBM MineralsEngineering Consultants Limited (GBM) has been engaged by MYI to assist withthe completion of NI 43-101 compliant studies. The current PreliminaryEconomic Assessment (PEA) considers a dynamic on/off heap leach pad for theextraction of uranium from the fast-leaching ore. The project would process12.1 Mt/y of ore at a U3O8 grade of 212 ppm. A method to determine the opti-mum heap height and corresponding recovery is described along with the basecase and column leach test details. Design challenges and scale-up issues are ad-dressed by the description of a relationship between leach extraction and grade,a leach extraction model and the recovery discounting applied. The financial pa-rameters used and the calculation sequence are also described. The results in-clude algebraic relationships for leach recovery, lost revenue and pad cost byheap height. These relationships are solved simultaneously to obtain the optimum heap height and recovery.

3:05 PMFRP Equipment in Hydrometallurgy, Lessons Learned for BestPerformance and Reliability in Metal Mineral Processing

J. Eisenman; Engineering Mgr/President, Maverick Applied Science, Inc., Palmetto, FLFRP has proven to be a highly corrosion resistant and cost effective material ofconstruction for process equipment in metal mineral solvent extraction. Projectsuccess is frequently a product of good planning and good execution. Althoughproven, FRP is a relatively new material of construction and not as widely under-stood as other metal alloy options. FRP is readily available worldwide and is anattractive, budget-friendly option. Complete confidence in FRP as a preferred ma-terial of construction is still growing. A sound understanding of any material isessential for a successful installation and reliable operation. Once the plantmoves into operation, reliable performance is expected and imperative to maxi-mize mineral production. This paper will offer some insights into the materialproperties and behavior of FRP laminates used for process equipment. It will dis-cuss best practices which will assist in project planning and execution.Additionally, the paper will detail lessons learned from recent copper and nickelhydromet processing projects. Lessons learned will impact every phase of a min-eral processing project, from initial bids through engineering and construction.

3:25 PMWhen Laboratory Work and Operating Plant Don’t Agree (Part II): Plant and Process Improvements for the Nicaro, CubaCaron Ammonia-ammonia Carbonate Ni Process

L. Southwick; L.M. Southwick & Associates, Cincinnati, OHA plant was built at Nicaro, Oriente Province, Cuba in the early 1940’s using theCaron ammonia – ammonia carbonate leach process to extract nickel for lat-eritic ores. While plant operation was generally successful, it was not broadlyeconomical and was shut down after the war effort. The plant was restarted inthe 1950’s and a number of investigations initiated to resolve the more seriousoperational and performance issues. Troublesome processing steps includedmaterials of construction (formerly limited by shortages), iron reduction (chem-istry, roasters and coolers), ore variability, leach solution strength, nickel recov-ery, and a variety of other topics. These studies, their findings and implementa-tions of new equipment and procedures will be discussed. Caron himselfobtained good results on these ores in the laboratory. They could not be duplicated in the field, the reasons for which will be reviewed.

3:45 PMNew Generation of Extra-high Capacity Magnetic SeparatorsDesigned for Low Grade Ores

C. Ribeiro and J. Ribeiro; Products Development, GAUSTEC MAGNETISMO, Nova Lima, BrazilThe purpose of this paper is to present the results of the recent extra-high ca-pacity magnetic separator developed by GAUSTEC, the GHX-1400. This newequipment has a feed capacity up to 1400 tph and was conceived to dress lowgrade iron ores, typically lower than 40% Fe, since mega projects designed forlow grades iron ores are a reality in the global market. In this case study, theGHX-1400 was installed to recover the end tailings from an existing high inten-

This is the Technical Program as of September 15, 2013. IT IS SUBJECT TO CHANGE. Please see the Onsite Program for final details.

TECHNICAL PROGRAMsity magnetic concentration plant, which are being deposited in a tailing pond.This plant operates with 3 stages (rougher, cleaner and scavenger) and 5 mag-netic separators. This newly developed magnetic separator operates another 3stages in a single unit. The main operational parameters, grades, mass and met-allurgical data, environmental impact and investment costs are evaluated.

4:05 PMhom*ogenous Turbulent Mixing for Reducing Entrainment inCopper SX

N. Ostberg1, J. Morgan1, R. Sheinman2, L. Braginsky2, Y. Kokotov2 andM. Vancas3; 1Freeport McMoRan, Morenci, AZ; 2Turbulent Technologies Ltd., Haifa, Israel and 3Tenova Bateman Technologies,Tucson, AZFreeport-McMoRan Copper & Gold in conjunction with Turbulent TechnologiesLtd. (TT), and Tenova Bateman Technologies has tested TT mixing at theTechnology Center (TC). Non-uniform energy dissipation in a primary mix boxcauses a wide distribution of droplets sizes with fine droplets being the primaryconcern. Fine droplet sizes do not readily coalesce, and are often the majoritysource of organic entrainment in aqueous. TT mixing technology generates ho-mogenous energy dissipation throughout the auxiliary mixer volume, resultingin coalescence of fine droplets. Due to higher coalescence rates larger dropletsare formed, resulting in more effective phase separation. Large pilot scale test-ing occurred at the TC with two trains side-by-side. One train was a control par-allel-strip train run with hydrofoil auxiliary mixing, and the experimental trainutilized TT auxiliary mixing technology. Both trains utilized a primary pumpmixer with curved vanes at maximum speed. Results proved TT auxiliary mixersdecreased organic entrainment in aqueous by 50-75% as compared to the control train. TT system performance also yielded lower organic losses duringsimulated plant instability.

4:25 PMDevelopment of the SII Mission South WCP Mineral Sands Project

P. Dunn1, R. Rose2 and M. Urquhart3; 1Mineral Technologies, St. Augustine, FL; 2Southern Ionics Inc., Jacksonville, FL and 3MineralTechnologies Pty Ltd, Carrara, QLD, AustraliaA new mineral sands operation is being developed in Georgia by Southern Ionics,Inc. (SII). Prevailing mineralogy and plant design constraints required detailedtesting and circuit analysis to create a robust separation process. The floating wetconcentrator plant (WCP) flow sheet was designed by Mineral Technologies (MT)based on historical testing information and recent SII test campaigns on a com-posite feed sample. The flow sheet was finalized through rigorous process model-ing. The process uses traditional physical separation equipment; however a newMT spiral, the MG12, was selected for the rougher and scavenger stages. TheMG12 spiral is a two-stage, twelve-turn spiral that has been proven to achievevery high recoveries of heavy minerals. The floating plant includes feed de-slim-ing operations, a central MT surge bin for optimum spiral circuit feed control andancillary operations for concentrate and tailings handling. The testing, flow-sheetdevelopment, and plant design will be described and explained, and a brief summary of the current project status will be given.

MINERAL & METALLURGICAL PROCESSING:Research and Characterization

2:00 PM • Tuesday, February 25Chair: T. Bhambhani, Cytec Industries, Stamford, CT

2:00 PMIntroductions

2:05 PMOctyl Hydroxamate Adsorption by Bastnaesite – The Hydrophobic Surface State

X. Zhang, X. Wang and J. Miller; Metallurgical Engineering, Universityof Utah, Salt Lake City, UTThe adsorption of octyl hydroxamic acid (OHA) at the bastnaesite surface is in-vestigated using adsorption density, and contact angle measurements, as well asmolecular dynamics simulation (MDS) of the surface state. Of special interest isthe hydrophobic surface state of bastnaesite treated at low concentrations ofOHA (< 1 × 10-4 M). Contact angles for the bastnaesite surface as well as the

corresponding adsorption isotherm will be presented. Based on these results,limitations to monolayer collector coverage in the chemisorbed region will bediscussed. Solubility limits of OHA will also be considered. Packing of octyl hydroxamate at the bastnaesite surface will be examined and the wetting characteristics of water at the surface of bastnaesite with adsorbed hydroxamate will be evaluated using MDS.

2:25 PMThe Edge Surface of Kaolinite and its Surface Chemistry

J. Liu, X. Wang, T. Depci and J. Miller; Metallurgical Engineering, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UTProcedures have been developed to prepare high quality kaolinite edge surfacesfor examination by atomic force microscopy (AFM). The quality of the edge sur-face was established from both AFM and SEM imaging. Now, for the first time,the surface chemistry of edge surfaces is described from AFM surface forcemeasurements to determine the pH dependence of surface charge as well aswetting characteristics, including results from molecular dynamics simulations.These results are compared to the surface chemistry of kaolinite silica and alumina face surfaces as previously reported in the literature.

2:45 PMThe Special Characteristics of a Feldspar Ore in Peru: A Promising Industrial Mineral Project

F. Sotillo; PerUsa EnviroMet, Inc., Lakeland, FLMining in Peru is mainly concentrated on metallic and polymetallic ores, and lit-tle has been done to develop extensive and rich Industrial Minerals deposits.This paper presents the characterization and metallurgical studies for the devel-opment of a feldspar deposit. Characterization studies showed that the feldsparproducts contained no quartz, high alumina, about 90% of albite (NaAlSi3O8).The 14x40-M and 40x150-M products could be used for manufacturing glass, ce-ramics, refractory, and filters in different applications. Middlings, could be usedas insulation material due to its porosity (bulk density of 0.828 Kg/dm3). Thematerial showed sphericity of 0.77, roundness of 0.68, and acid solubility of2.72% suitable for these applications. Metallurgical studies demonstrated thatthis feldspar ore required sizing at 14x40 mesh and 40x150 mesh to rendercommercial products. These size fractions processing involved magnetic sepa-ration, gravity separation, and flotation. Commercial products from this feldspardeposit for glass, ceramics, refractory, and filtration; and for the manufacturingof insulation material were obtained.

3:05 PMFeasibility of an Air Classifier to Recover Metallic Particles fromAnalytical Samples

J. Halt, H. Shinde and S. Kawatra; Chemical Engineering, MichiganTech University, Houghton, MIAnalyzing nuggety gold samples commonly produces erratic fire assay results.Feasibility of a vertical duct air classifier to preconcentrate gold particles fromanalytical samples was investigated. The designed air classifier must produce aconcentrate sample with a mass of 15-30 grams and total recovery must exceed95%. Effects of air velocity, feed rate and particle density on the recovery oftungsten from tungsten-silica mixtures are studied. A tungsten-silica mixture(0.25% w/w) is used as a synthetic ore. Tungsten was chosen as it has a densitysimilar to gold. The air classifier operated on a dry basis yielding optimal tung-sten recovery of 97.7 % at an air velocity of 0.72 m/s and feed rate of 160 g/min.In terms of preconcentrating sample to the desired mass range, optimal param-eters were: air velocity 0.72 m/s and feed rate 93 g/min, attaining tungsten re-covery of 96.68%. Effects of density on classification were also investigated byusing iron instead of tungsten and the metallic particle recovery decreased from96.13% to 20.82%. These preliminary investigations suggest that preconcentra-tion of gold samples is feasible using the laboratory designed air classifier.

3:25 PMFactors Affecting Dust Generation from Iron Ore Pellets

J. Halt1, M. Nitz1, S. Kawatra1 and M. Dube2; 1Chemical Engineering,Michigan Tech University, Houghton, MI and 2COREM, Quebec, QC, CanadaIron ore pellets degrade during handling. Factors affecting degradation and po-tential dustiness were evaluated in this study. Factors studied include beddepth; pellet chemistry; firing temperature; co*ke breeze addition; and abrasionindex. Pellets were dropped in an enclosed tower and measurements of cumula-tive airborne mass were recorded. The cumulative mass of particles collectedduring each trial was 10-100 mg/kg-drop, or 50-500 mg/kg over five drops

This is the Technical Program as of September 15, 2013. IT IS SUBJECT TO CHANGE. Please see the Onsite Program for final details.

TECHNICAL PROGRAMthrough the tower. Significant differences in total dust collected were observedbetween different chemistry samples, and the firing temperature samples. Totalairborne particle mass decreased from 587 to 124 mg/kg when firing tempera-ture increased from 1050 to 1280 °C. No significant differences were observedin any of the PM10 measurements made during the trials. Correlation betweencumulative airborne mass and abrasion indices (R2=0.69) may primarily be dueto effects of under-firing pellets. Weakly bonded pellets easily abrade, contribut-ing to the formation of potential dust particles. Considering only well-fired pellets (AI < 5 % -0.5 mm) led to a correlation coefficient of 0.22.

3:45 PMLepidolite Flotation from Low Grade Ores Using a Cationic Surfactant

J. Choi1, Y. Han1, W. Kim2, S. Kim2 and H. Kim1; 1Dept of Mineral Resources and Energy Engineering, Chonbuk National University,Jeonju, Republic of Korea and 2Korea Institute of Geoscience and Mineral Resources, Daejeon, Republic of KoreaFor the first time, the influence of stearyl trimethyl ammonium chloride (STAC)as a collector, on the flotation behavior of lepidolite (Uljin, South Korea) was sys-tematically examined in Denver Sub-A cells. Flotation tests were carried out byvarying amount of STAC (50–200 g/ton), feed size (-65, -100, -150, and -200mesh), and solution pH. The impeller speed of 1000 rpm, flotation time of 10min and AF-65 (a frother) of 250 mL/ton were invariably applied. In order tocomplement flotation experiments, zeta potential measurements and XRDanalysis were conducted. XRD results showed that the ores were mainly com-posed of lepidolite, muscovite, quartz, calcite and albite. In addition, zeta poten-tial results showed that isoelectric points were about 2.5, 2.3, and 9.7 for quartz,albite, and calcite, respectively, and lepidolite was determined to be less than 2.Overall, the results of 3-stage flotation showed that Li2O grade and recoverytended to increase with increasing STAC dosage and decreasing feed size. In addition, Li2O grade increased with decreasing pH. The results were explained by the extent of the interaction between STAC and each mineral.

MINERAL & METALLURGICAL PROCESSING:SX-IX

2:00 PM • Tuesday, February 25Chairs: B. Hutzler, Cytec Industries, Tempe, AZ

J. Steeples, Freeport McMoRan, Safford, AZ

2:00 PMIntroductions

2:05 PMOverview of Ion Exchange Uses in Mining Applications

B. Kern, S. Smith, M. Rodgers and S. Weinig; Dow Water & Process Solutions, Dow Chemical, Midland, MIIon exchange resins are versatile tools for mining applications as many differenttypes can be utilized depending on the specific separation needs. There are sev-eral areas where ion exchange resins are currently used in primary metal recov-ery and in secondary processing of mining and metal refining streams. Thispresentation will highlight current ion exchange resin uses and applicationsbeing developed for future mining recovery needs.

2:25 PMA Review of the Modified ZINCEX®Process from Skorpion to Horsehead

M. Moats1, W. Cashwell2 and A. Staley2; 1Materials Research Center,Missouri S&T, Rolla, MO and 2Horsehead Metal Products, Mooresboro, NCIn the 1990’s, Técnicas Reunidas developed the Modified ZINCEX® Process(MZP) to recovery zinc from ores and secondary materials. The heart of thisprocess was the use of solvent extraction to produce purified zinc electrolyte in-stead of traditional zinc dust cementation. This development was commercial-ized by Reunion Mining and Anglo American for a primary ore at the Skorpionmine in Namibia with the first SHG zinc produced in May 2003. HorseheadCorporation is presently commercializing the MZP for the treatment of Waelzoxide. This paper will review open source information about the trials and tribu-lations experienced and process modifications that have occurred at Skorpionover the past decade. It was also provide an update on Horsehead’s facility beingconstructed in Rutherford County, North Carolina.

2:45 PMIon Exchange Recovery of Rhenium from Copper Leach SolutionUS Weakly Basic Anion Exchange Resins

J. Hiskey1, J. Snowberger1 and N. Nebeker2; 1University of Arizona,Tucson, AZ and 2Consulting Metallurgist, Kearny, AZRhenium is a valuable and extremely rare chemical element with unique chemi-cal properties. It is extracted commercially as a byproduct from the processingof molybdenite associated with porphyry copper ores. There is present interestin recovering rhenium from copper pregnant leach solutions (PLS) produced bycopper heap and stockpile leaching. These solutions contain rhenium at very di-lute concentrations, typically in the 1 mg/L concentration range. This paper de-scribes laboratory column ion exchange experiments to extract rhenium fromthese solutions using weakly basic anion exchange resins and actual plant PLSfrom two operating mines. The dynamic loading and elution behavior of Re onPurolite A170 and A172 is discussed.

3:05 PMIron Transfer Considerations for a Unique Solvent Extraction Feed

D. Seneviratne1 and T. McCallum2; 1Major Projects, Rio Tinto, Salt Lake City, UT and 2Cytec Mining Chemicals, MEP, Cytec Industries Inc., Tempe, AZIron transfer from the pregnant leach solution to the electrolyte can have amajor economic impact on solvent extraction operations. High iron transfer willlead to greater operational costs, due to increased reagent consumption throughelectrolyte bleed and make up, or increased power costs due to decreased elec-trowinning current efficiency. Bioleaching of Chalcopyrite ore from theKennecott Utah Copper Mine was investigated in a large scale piloting programincluding solvent extraction and electrowinning. Plant data and lab test workconducted throughout the course of operation, show that the unique PLS con-taining high ferric iron with high pH can lead to lower Cu: Fe selectivity than istypically seen in traditional copper SX operations. The impact of high ferric ironon the plant operation, and methods to reduce iron transfer will be discussed.Special considerations need to be taken for plant operating conditions and se-lection of solvent extraction reagents (including both extractant and aromaticcontent of diluent) based on the pregnant leach solution feed characteristics.

3:25 PMSolvent Extraction of Rare Earth Elements Using CYANEX® 572

T. McCallum1, B. Jakovljevic2 and M. Soderstrom1; 1Cytec IndustriesInc., Tempe, AZ and 2Cytec Canada Inc., Niagara Falls, ON, CanadaRare earth separations are challenging due to the similarity in their extractioncharacteristics. Multiple SX circuits are required in order to separate out the in-dividual elements (each typically requiring a high number of extract and scrubstages as well as utilization of significant recycle to achieve the desired metalpurity). These flow sheets require extensive pilot plant testing to achieve theoptimum operating conditions. Cytec has developed modeling capabilities forrare earth separations using CYANEX® 572 solvent extraction reagent. Staging,O/A ratios, reagent concentration, and pH requirements can be quickly evalu-ated with the modeling to allow improved flow sheet design. CYANEX® 572 isan organophophorus based formulation which has been optimized to have acomplex strength allowing efficient extraction while minimizing the strip acidrequirements. Utilization of this formulation together with the modeling capa-bilities is expected to bring operational savings to the end user by minimizingthe acid/base costs associated with the recycle. Modeling results are demonstrated and a comparison of CYANEX® 572 to a traditional rare earthextractant is discussed.

3:45 PMMetal Recovery Applications Using a Combination of IX andElectrowinning Using Emew® Technology

A. Janwong2, T. Bergfeldt3 and M. Moats1; 1Materials Research Center,Missouri S&T, Rolla, MO; 2Electrometals USA, O’Fallon, MO and3Electrometals Canada, Inc., Vancouver, BC, CanadaIon exchange technology is becoming more prevalent in metal recovery fromlow concentration solutions. The products of ion exchange are typically a metalfree stream (product stream) and a concentrated metal stream (byproduct). Themetals in the concentrate stream are usually precipitated and returned to theprocess or discarded. The unique features of emew® technology enable metalsto be recovered directly from the concentrated stream. The advantage of the IX-emew combination is the ability to have two product streams: 1) clean metal

This is the Technical Program as of September 15, 2013. IT IS SUBJECT TO CHANGE. Please see the Onsite Program for final details.

TECHNICAL PROGRAMfree solution and 2) metal product for sale. In addition to recovering metals fromsolution, it is also possible to separate metals from each other and recover morethan one metal product. In this paper, examples of IX-emew combinations aredetailed including the recovery of copper and nickel from industrial wastestreams, recovery of nickel from low concentration solutions and recovery ofcobalt from solution.

4:05 PMElectrolytic Zinc Electrowinning – A Historical Perspective

T. Robinson1, A. Staley2, S. James3 and M. Dubois3; 1Republic Alternative Technologies, Phoenix, AZ; 2Horsehead Corporation,Barnwell, SC and 3Nystar, Clarksville, TNCommercial electrowinning of cathode zinc from sulphate electrolytes has beenpractised in the USA, Canada and Australia since the early 1900’s. This paper re-ports on the process technology developments in zinc electrowinning from thislatter time period to present day. These process technology components includeoperating parameters, electrolyte purification and design of electrodes, cells andmaterial handling. Over the past century these developments have resulted inimproved cellhouse productivity, reduction of energy consumption and improved cathode purity.

4:25 PMDevelopment of a New Generation of Copper Solvent Extraction Reagents

J. Bender1, N. Emmerich2 and A. Nisbett3; 1BASF, Tucson, AZ; 2BASF,Tucson, AZ and 3BASF, Tucson, AZBASF Mining Solutions have developed a new generation of copper solvent ex-traction reagents that are not based on the current oxime chemistry. Initial labo-ratory studies have shown that these new reagents offer the benefits of a dra-matic increase in resistance to degradation and are nitration proof. From anoperational standpoint, the new reagents show acceptable copper net transfercapabilities from a range of leach solutions together with a step change im-provement in copper:iron selectivity in comparison to the existing highly modi-fied aldoxime formulations. This paper details some of the fundamental labora-tory studies completed to date as well as data from continuous pilot plantevaluations at commercial solvent extraction operations.

MINERAL & METALLURGICAL PROCESSING:Water in Minerals Processing 3:

The New Generation in Advanced WaterTreatment Technology

2:00 PM • Tuesday, February 25Chairs: G. Robinson, R Squared, Inc., Sedalia, CO

J. Bolders, Olsson Associates, Golden, CO

2:00 PMIntroductions

2:05 PMThe Filtra Systems STiR Media Filter: How Filtra Systems STiRFilter Uses it’s Innovative Backwash Technology for Removal ofHigh Weight Solids Found in Mineral Processing From USEnergy’s Discharge Water (Replacement for Sand FilterTechnology)

J. Haligowski2 and F. Craft1; 1US Energy Corp, Riverton, WY and 2Filtra Systems Company, Farmington Hills, MIThe US Energy Mount Emmons Water Plant, near Crested Butte, Colorado is aninactive mine site, that processes water from an historic lead, silver and zinc un-derground mine. In September of 2008 US Energy begin looking for a way to im-prove their current water treatment processing flow sheet, as they were operat-ing 4 large sand filters, which provided recycle rates above 40% and were alarge cost to maintain and rebuild from heavy loading of sand bedding. TheFiltra Systems STiR filter was selected for evaluation due to its history of notonly providing extremely clean water, but also the dynamic backwashingmethod. The paper will discuss all aspects of the project that followed which in-cludes process development (a 2-month pilot study), equipment installation andprocess optimization once equipment was installed. The Results were that theSTiR Filter: Reduced the backwash volume and recirculation by 10 times.

Provided clean water equal to sand filters at this time. Reduced the cost of pro-cessing/treating the water. Lessons learned include the need for best cleanwater available for back wash fluid and stir filter has a finite loading capacity.

2:25 PMAdvanced Chemical Precipitation Technology for Mine WaterReduces Sulfate in Membrane Concentrate to Low Levels

K. Banerjee; Veolia Water Solutions & Technologies, Moon Township, PAA treatment process was developed to reduce sulfate from nanofiltration (NF)concentrate to less than 50 mg/l. The treatment system is comprised of a two-stage chemical precipitation process. In the first-stage reactor, desaturation ofcalcium sulfate took place within 30 minutes of reaction, and sulfate was re-duced from 5,000 to 1,500 mg/l by a chemical precipitation and or adsorptionprocess. The effluent was further treated with aluminum-based salt in a second-stage reactor to precipitate sulfate as a highly insoluble calcium sulfoaluminatemineral. The reaction was completed within 20 minutes. After solid/liquid sepa-ration, dissolved sulfate was reduced to less than 50 mg/l. The process recoversmore than 95% aluminum (Gibbsite) from the precipitated sludge for reuse. Theimpacts of sludge recirculation ratio, pH, and chemical dosages were investi-gated. Calcium sulfate crystal growth kinetics was determined. Bench-scalestudy results were presented at the 2013 SME Conference in Denver, Colorado.Pilot-scale results will be included in the presentation this year to continue reporting on our ongoing work to address this important topic.

2:45 PMReducing the Toxicity of a Gold Mine Effluent Using BiologicalReactors and Precipitation

M. Laliberte; Veolia Water Solutions & Technologies, Saint-Laurent,QC, CanadaGold mine effluents are often characterized by a high concentration of copper,ammonia and cyanide derivatives (mostly cyanates and thiocyanates). Whilenon-acutely toxic to birds, this water can be acutely toxic to fishes and inverte-brates. In many jurisdictions, the effluent requires further treatment in order topass a mandatory requirement to be non-lethal to species like the rainbow troutor Daphnia magna. Using actual mine water, we have demonstrated that aeratedmoving bed biofilm reactors will biodegrade the ammonia, cyanides, cyanatesand thiocyanates, thereby removing the toxicity associated with these compo-nents. By removing copper by precipitation the water can be made to pass acutetoxicity tests. Tests have demonstrated that the process is stable between 3 and25 C, with no significant changes in the treated water composition. Once the bio-mass is acclimatized, the process is resistant to upsets and requires very little in-puts except for phosphorus and air. Furthermore, we have demonstrated that ananoxic reactor can be added downstream of the aerated reactors to remove nitrates if required.

3:05 PMNovel Vermiculite-Copper Nanoparticle Material Capable ofCombating Bacteria in Water

J. Drelich and B. Villeneuve; Materials Science and Engineering, Michigan Technological University, Houghton, MICommercial grade vermiculites were modified with copper nanoparticlesthrough ion-exchange process and hydrogen reduction to produce a new classof antimicrobial materials. The vermiculite-metallic copper hybrids showstrong antibacterial activity against E. coli and Staphylococcus aureus. Strongadhesion of copper nanoparticles to the vermiculite carrier makes these hybridmaterials stable and durable. Vermiculite is an inexpensive mineral that is verystable under a wide range of environmental and industrial conditions, and ex-tensively used by the agricultural and construction industries. The addition ofmetallic copper nanoparticles opens new avenues for the application of vermic-ulite in consumer products that could benefit from antibacterial characteristics.It also shows a promise as an inexpensive disinfecting medium in treatment ofbacteria-contaminated drinking and processing waters, and could be of interestto mining and mineral processing operations, particularly those taking place inremote areas.

3:25 PMA Structured Approach for Selecting Mine Effluent Treatment Technology

I. Cooper; Civil & Environmental Consultants, Inc., Pittsburgh, PAAs effluent limits become more stringent, mining companies are increasinglyconcerned with cost and complexity of treatment. Coal mining companies are

This is the Technical Program as of September 15, 2013. IT IS SUBJECT TO CHANGE. Please see the Onsite Program for final details.

TECHNICAL PROGRAMfaced with TDS and chlorides, iron, aluminum, manganese, boron, and selenium,while hard rock mining companies also face extraction metals and processingchemicals. A structured approach is an elegant and cost-effective method for de-termining the most appropriate treatment technology. Initially, alternatives areevaluated via a Fatal Flaw Analysis, which aids in the consideration of life-cyclecosts and non-monetary criteria. Evaluation criteria are weighted and ranked inareas including: reliability; hydraulic and waste load sensitivity; footprint; cli-mate; ease of operation and maintenance; environmental effects (odors, noise,visual impacts and sustainability); hydrological impact; expandability; and abil-ity for implementation. These evaluations reduce the large number of candidatetechnologies using a pairwise comparison. Each alternative is matched head-to-head to determine which candidates are most preferable. Examples of two systems considering this structured approach are presented.

3:45 PMAcid Mine Drainage – Past and New Development with HighDensity Sludge Treatment

K. Lee, A. Galvan and K. Wilson; Mineral Processing, FLSmidth Salt Lake City Inc., Midvale, UTAcid mine drainage (AMD) has been a long standing environmental concern in-volving many mining operations around the world. The oxidation process of sul-fide minerals by exposing to air and water generates high level of free acid andsoluble metals in the underground mine water or run-off of the waste rock stock-pile. These toxic constituents are harmful to the ecology if left untreated. Earlydevelopment of AMD treatment since the 50’s resulted in high capital investmentand larger volume of sludge generation. High Density Sludge (HDS) process wasinvented in the 60’s with benefits in both process and economic aspects. Successhas made HDS and its variations a standard treatment method of AMD to date. Inthis paper two case studies are presented – one is a superfund site of IronMountain in Redding, CA (low pH, high dissolved solids) and the other theBritannia Mine in B.C., Canada (high flow, low dissolved solids). Both utilize theHDS process and achieved satisfactory outcomes. Results of a recent bench-scalestudy Colorado are also presented as an alternative technique involving coagula-tion/co-precipitation followed by dissolved air flotation of precipitated solids.

4:05 PMNeutralization Assisted With Sequential Oxidation for MiningLiquid Effluents

O. Tovar and M. Elgegren; ARCADIS, Lima, PeruEnvironmental demanding regulations makes water treatment a new challengefor mine operations. Wide known neutralization process seems to be the lowestcost available process to abate dissolved metals, even though, the application of3D Pourbaix Diagram offers new opportunities to oxidize dissolved metal contentin the effluent in a sequential way depending on some control variables like pH,E(h), ORP, with the expectation of a) using oxygen from air as oxidizing agent, in-stead of lime to generate metal hydroxides, b) stabilizing residues, c) increasingsedimentation velocity to reduce CAPEX at final solid/liquid separation process.The proposed method consist on three stages: i) a first low pH operation range tooxidize iron directly with air, ii) then after a pH increase it is incorporated oxygen(enriched from air) to oxidize a second group of ions, and iii) in a third stage, aftera final pH increase and solid/liquid separation, the use of ozone to react withspecies such as Mn to generate MnO2 at pH 9. In all these cases, air, oxigen andozone are injected to the system as dissolved gas in recirculated clean water with8bar pressure, and turbulence generated in piping system.

MINING & EXPLORATION:Geology: Exploration and Modeling in

Geologically Complex Regions2:00 PM • Tuesday, February 25

Chair: K. Smith, Maptek, Lakewood, CO

2:00 PMIntroductions

2:05 PMGeotechnical Properties of Roof Material in Illinois Coal Field

A. Osouli; Civil Engineering, Southern Illinois University Edwardsville,Edwardsville, ILThe roof rocks conditions in Illinois Basin, which has 27% of U.S. coal reserve,are sometimes very challenging for mining companies. The roof stability of

Illinois mines are affected by mostly two types of shales: Anna Shale and EnergyShale. These layers are sometimes weak in parallel bedding when subjected tohorizontal stresses. The roof rocks in Illinois Basin are in average more moisturesensitive than the other coal fields. In this study the geotechnical properties ofsome of the shale units as well as limestone layers will be presented. The geot-echnical properties of roof rocks consist of moisture content, unconfined com-pressive strength, slake durability, indirect tensile strength, and point load tests(Axial and Diametral). The correlation of indirect tensile strength versus diame-tral point load strength as well as unconfined compressive strength versus axialpoint load test will be explored and discussed. These correlations would help inidentifying the roof mass index and planning appropriate roof control measures.Finally, an evaluation of rock mass characterization with use of Coal Mine RoofRating will be presented.

2:25 PMVein Modeling in Structurally Complex Areas

K. Zabrusky; Gustavson Associates, Lakewood, COEpithermal vein systems are often modeled as simple, discrete high grade struc-tures within low grade host rock. However, geologic setting and structuralpreparation influence how such vein systems form. In structurally complexareas, veins may follow several structural trends and occur on a variety ofscales. Geologic and grade modeling within such complex structural regimes canbe difficult as individual veins cannot be delineated from host rock based ongrade alone. Structurally complex areas require a different approach than tradi-tional discrete vein modeling. I present here a study of a structurally complexarea that hosts vein mineralization. All veins could not be modeled discretely, soan alternate approach was needed. Major structures were modeled using sur-face and underground mapping and were then used to create a structural trendfor the area. This trend was used to guide 3D grade shell construction. The gradeshells replaced 3D vein solids for grade estimation in order to mitigate influenceof high grade samples. Structurally guided grade shell construction offers amore effective modeling method than discrete vein modeling in deposits thatare structurally complex.

2:45 PMAssessing Dewatering Requirements and Groundwater-SurfaceWater Interactions Associated with a Coal Mine in Alaska

R. Walther1, G. Leone1 and D. Graham2; 1ARCADIS, Highlands Ranch,CO and 2Pacrim Coal, Anchorage, AKAn environmental impact study is currently being developed for a proposed coalmine located near Anchorage, Alaska. The project area encompasses approxi-mately 5,000 acres on the west side of Cook Inlet and involves three hydrologicbasins discharging into the Chuit River. In order to assess potential impacts towater resources associated with proposed mine development, a groundwaterflow model was developed to (1) estimate dewatering requirements over themine life, (2) evaluate potential impacts to nearby streams from mine dewater-ing and infiltration, and (3) assess post-mine reclamation impacts and recoverytimes to groundwater and surface water resources. A challenge for regulatoryapproval was demonstrating that reductions in stream flows could be mitigatedto protect flora and fauna. The model estimates indicate that sufficient ground-water will be available to mitigate potential impacts to stream baseflowsthroughout the mine life.

3:05 PMBest Practices and Procedures for the Use of Near-infraredSpectroscopy in Qualitative and Quantitative Prediction ofMinerals and Metallurgical Properties

D. Shiley and D. Campbell; SummitCAL Solutions Team, ASD, Inc.,Boulder, CONear-infrared (NIR) reflectance spectroscopy has become a common tool foruse in exploration and production environments for the identification of miner-als and for quantitative prediction of mineral concentration. Although the NIRtechnique is widely used, instruments and data are often not managed effec-tively. In this presentation we will discuss the key considerations for efficientand effective management of NIR devices commonly used with mining.

3:25 PMEstimation of the Fundamental Error of Sampling of Gold Ores

C. Bazin; Mining and Metallurgical Engineering, Laval University, Quebec, QC, CanadaThe fundamental error associated to the sampling of heterogeneous ore particlesis unavoidable and can only be minimized by an adequate selection of the sample

This is the Technical Program as of September 15, 2013. IT IS SUBJECT TO CHANGE. Please see the Onsite Program for final details.

TECHNICAL PROGRAMmass and/or size reduction of the sample before division into sub samples fortesting or assaying. The Gy’s formula has been used since the early 70’s to esti-mate the standard deviation of the fundamental error associated to ore samplingin order to help in the planning of sampling campaigns. If the Gy’s formula workswell for base metal and iron ores it seems to overestimate the standard deviationof the fundamental error for the sampling of low grade ores. This paper presentsthe derivation of an equation that under certain conditions can be used to esti-mate the standard deviation of the fundamental error of sampling low grade ores.The proposed equation is validated using a simulator of the sampling process andfrom the analysis of the results of repetitive sampling of gold ores.

MINING & EXPLORATION:Management: Stakeholder Engagement and

Corporate Responsibility II2:00 PM • Tuesday, February 25

Chair: R. Barickman, Rio Tinto Eagle Mine, Marquette, MI

2:00 PMIntroductions

2:05 PMWalking the Talk: Community Rating of Eagle’s SocialPerformance

L. Dixon1, L. Zandvliet1 and C. Lessard2; 1Triple R Alliance, Wiarton,ON, Canada and 2Communities, Eagle Mine, Marquette, MIConsulting with stakeholders, informing them about company plans, even in-volving communities in company operational decisions, are increasingly a bestpractice in the industry. But to be held publicly accountable on an ongoing basisis unchartered territory. Eagle Mine is located in an area known for its outdoorlifestyle, with a population that includes many well-informed stakeholders whoare cautious of large mining companies. This mine has chosen to leave itself ex-posed to public opinion, and potentially to scrutiny and criticism. Eagle devel-oped the Community Scorecard, an interactive tool that enables the communityto rate the company’s performance and provides the company with a way to re-spond to the community’s concerns around corporate impacts. It tracks andmeasures company performance in areas of importance to both the companyand the community. Although the Scorecard was designed for Eagle in particu-lar, the circ*mstances surrounding that operation are not unique to Michigan’sUpper Peninsula, or to the mining industry. There are lessons that can be drawnfrom Eagle’s experiences that are relevant to other extractive and non-extractivecompanies alike.

2:25 PMUnderstanding the Public’s Perspectives of Mining

J. Hoffman; Mining Engineering, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KYPublic relations campaigns for companies or select sectors do exist; however,these are often reactionary moves to shifts in the socio-political environment.The details of these campaigns are often tied up in proprietary information orwithheld by public relations firms. Mining serves a vital purpose in providing so-ciety with the base resources to sustain the standard of living it expects. This im-portant purpose needs to be fully communicated to the public in order to edu-cate them. Attitudes about mining need to be identified so misinformation canbe accurately targeted. Before this can begin, these attitudes must be measuredand knowledge gaps identified. This work focused on determining attitudes to-wards mining and knowledge about mining. This was done through a survey ad-ministered to three counties in Kentucky. From this survey, guidance for com-munication efforts were produced, through the suggestion of specific topics formessages, which directly addresses identified attitudes of the public and mis-conceptions about mining. Relationships between knowledge and attitudeswere explored, as well as relationships between demographic information andknowledge, and attitudes.

2:45 PMEducational Partnerships: Are They The Key to Solving ourGrowing Personnel Crisis (a.k.a. Is it A Silk Purse, or a Sow’s Ear)?

A. Moss2 and K. McDaniel1; 1Copper Underground Centre of Excellence, Rio Tinto Copper, South Jordan, UT and 2Copper Underground Centre of Excellence, Rio Tinto Copper, London, United KingdomPeople are our most valuable resource.We face unprecedented shortages aggra-vated by a workforce that is aging out, significant generational gaps and difficul-ties recruiting younger professionals all amidst increasing global mineral de-mand. The educational system has a similar, but slightly contrary problem.Many historically strong mining engineering programs have died. Now, fewermining oriented universities are trying to produce more students in order tomeet the demand. Moreover, their situation is aggravated by a similarly agingworkforce, a general lack of mid-career PhD’s with the interest and experienceto teach effectively, an slow hiring and funding process, and an inability to com-pete against private industry compensation. The traditional instructional modelis most certainly dated, and can penalize programs and students where schoolsdo not have in-house expertise in a given topic. Mining companies, like RioTinto, have the opportunity, if not necessarily the obligation, to positively influ-ence how this model works. Educational Partnerships may be the key. Thispaper will address some observations, and possibilities, associated with Rio Tinto’s efforts in this area.

3:05 PMHardrock Mining and Beneficiation Environmental ManagementSystem Guide

G. Eurick; Rio Tinto Kennecott Utah Copper, Salt Lake City, UTThe National Mining Association (NMA) and the Society for Mining, Metallurgy,and Exploration (SME) last year publicly released the Hardrock Mining &Beneficiation Environmental Management System Guide (the Guide)(September 2012). The Guide responds to a request made by the U.S.Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) to develop a model EMS guide to assistsmall and medium-sized hardrock mining companies in developing and imple-menting an environmental management system (EMS) to improve environmen-tal stewardship. Operations may also find an EMS reduces costs and risks, whileimproving reputation and access to markets. The presentation will introduceSME members to the Guide and provide an overview of how it could benefitcompanies who are developing an EMS for their facility or reviewing an existingEMS for further improvements.

MINING & EXPLORATION:Operations: Applications of Discrete System

Simulation in Mining I2:00 PM • Tuesday, February 25

Chairs: E. Tarshizi, University of Nevada, Reno, Reno, NV K. Hindle, Hatch, Mississauga, ON

2:00 PMIntroductions

2:05 PMComputer Modeling of Bench Mining Operations

J. Osborn1, P. Conrad1 and C. Roos2; 1Montana Tech, Butte, MT and2Newmont Mining Corporation, Greenwood Village, COTo minimize capital and operating costs, mining companies need to get the high-est level of production with the lowest equipment hours possible. With capitaland operating costs steadily increasing,it is becoming more important that min-ing companies maintain high levels of production. There are a number of com-puter programs and methodologies available to help mine operators estimateproduction rates and capital and operating costs of possible mining scenarios.One widely used method to help mine operators increase production and thevalue realized in mining operations is cut-off optimization. There is currently nocomputer tool that defines the proper number of ore cut-off grades to balancecut-off optimization impacts on productivity and mine operating costs. TheFlexSim discrete event simulation program was used in this study to developsuch model.

This is the Technical Program as of September 15, 2013. IT IS SUBJECT TO CHANGE. Please see the Onsite Program for final details.

TECHNICAL PROGRAM2:25 PMModeling a Decision Support System Based on Operators’Performance Using a Discrete-Event Simulator

V. Tenorio and S. Dessureault; Mining and Geological Engineering,University of Arizona, Tucson, AZIntegrated production management centers handle large capacity equipmentfleets with tightly linked yet flexible downstream conveying, blending, and ship-ping dependencies and variable quality requirements. Decisions made by pro-duction coordinators can have significant impact on the overall profitability. ADynamically Generated Discrete-Event simulator helps operators in training orin production to model their decisions and define their blending strategies usinga holistic approach, from pit loading up to the final shipping point. The simulatoris linked in near-real-time to a corporate Data Warehouse, reading key tables toretrieve either a snapshot of present time, or historical parameters. The simula-tor self-constructs a layout with each individual machine, conveyor, or crusherwith its history, current status, including material stockpiles. Recorded break-downs or specific MTBF probabilities are introduced to provide a realistic reen-actment of the time period. A series of prescribed experiments were undertakento develop a sensitivity analysis of critical parameters to determine what decisions were more effective in impacting the production tonnages and material quality goals.

2:45 PMSimulation and Animation Assists Mining Engineers in Barrick’sGap Pit Surface Operation

E. Tarshizi1, J. Dwyer2, J. Sturgul3 and D. Taylor1; 1Mine Systems Optimization and Simulation Laboratory, Mining and MetallurgicalEngineering Dept., University of Nevada, Reno, NV; 2Cortez Open PitTechnical Services, Barrick Gold Corporation, Crescent Valley, NV and3School of Civil, Environmental and Mining Engineering, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, AustraliaBarrick’s Cortez Hills gold complex, located about 100 kilometers (62 miles)southwest of Elko, Nevada, USA includes three divergent surface gold mine op-erations which are Pipeline, South Pipeline, and Cortez open pit. A discrete sys-tem simulation and animation model of the Gap Pit mine operation in the CortezPipeline property has been designed and developed to assist the mine engineerswith a technique to quickly analyze a variety of truck/shovel situation. The sim-ulation studies have been performed to investigate the efficiency of potential“what-if?” changes in the operation. The Gap Pit mine simulation and animationmodel is a powerful and cost-effective tool for the engineers to test and evaluatevarious mine plans before actually implementing and changing the mine system.This simulation and animation model has been constructed using GPSS/H© andPROOF Professional.

3:05 PMThe Use of Combined Simulation Techniques to RealisticallyDesign and Plan a New Mine in Uncertain Times

P. Rutherford and K. Hindle; Hatch Ltd., Sudbury, ON, CanadaEven in the current economic climate it is important to understand the necessityof looking for new mines, and ensuring that supply in the future is maintained.However keeping costs minimal is key to leading a new mine design during un-certain times and getting new mine site approved and developed. ThereforeHatch’s Mining group has developed a methodology to evaluate proposed minedesigns in terms of ore body productive capacity and ore and waste handling, toensure that the resultant systems are not over or under designed but flexibilityis maintained. Using a combination of simulation based technologies Hatch firstdetermines the productive capacity of the ore body under the proposed miningmethods, to understand the real crew and equipment requirements to minimizeoperating costs. Using the scheduled output of this tool in combination withstandard ore / waste / backfill handling simulations, ensures that the resultantsystem is designed based on what is dynamically required from the miningmethod / ore body and not based on a design with a static design factor. Thispaper presents a case study of this methodology as used in a proposed genericmine in Ontario, Canada.

3:25 PMIntroduction of the Mine System Rescue Simulation Models(MSRS Models): Innovation in Mine Rescue Strategies andOperations

E. Tarshizi1, J. Sturgul2, D. Taylor3 and C. Kocsis4; 1Mine Systems Optimization and Simulation Laboratory, Mining and MetallurgicalEngineering Dept., University of Nevada, Reno, NV; 2School of Civil,Environmental and Mining Engineering, The University of Adelaide,Adelaide, SA, Australia; 3Mine Systems Optimization and SimulationLaboratory, Mining and Metallurgical Engineering Dept., University ofNevada, Reno, NV and 4Mining and Metallurgical Engineering Dept.,University of Nevada, Reno, NVThis research presents an innovative approach to use a simulation (discrete-event system) and animation model for a better evaluation of various possibleconfigurations for rescue activities in an underground mine. The Mine SystemRescue Simulation Models (MSRS Models) can assist underground mine rescueteams, workers, and engineers in designing, training, and investigating a widerange of “what-if” analysis and situations in rescue attempts in the case of under-ground disasters or emergency situations. The MSRS models can be a part of amodern underground mine design tool which can help engineers considering thecorrect and accurate locations of mine rescue equipment and emergencies; thisreduces risks in mine safety and also avoids rescue equipment redundancy. TheMSRS Models answer mining engineers’ considerable need for a cost-effectiveand flexible simulation tool to enable them to investigate various scenarios andoptions during mine rescue operations concerning their particular mine layoutsand operating characteristics. Such a discrete system simulation and animationmodel has not previously been built and implemented for the mining industry.

MINING & EXPLORATION:Operations: Innovation in Underground

Construction Project Management,Engineering and Operations2:00 PM • Tuesday, February 25

Chair: L. Lacerda, Traylor, Lakewood, CO

2:00 PMIntroductions

2:05 PMHigh Performance Synthetic Ropes for Mine Hoisting

A. Guse; Vale Canada Ltd., Sudbury, ON, CanadaThe primary limiting factor for hoisting capacity from great depths is the self-weight of steel wire ropes. Steel wire ropes are very suitable for mine hoistingdue to their high strength and durability, but have the negative characteristic ofa low strength/weight ratio. Also, as hoisting depths increase, the service life ofsteel wire ropes decreases due to the higher stresses and physical effects on theropes. The significantly higher strength/weight ratio of synthetic ropes offersthe primary advantage of hoisting a larger payload with a similar size rope andhoisting plant. The beneficial properties of synthetic ropes could be used to improve the overall economics of deep underground mining both for new deepshaft projects and for existing mining operations expanding to deeper orebodies. A research and development program has been initiated to evaluatethe suitability of a fully synthetic rope for the mine hoisting application.

2:25 PMPerformance of the two EPBM in Istanbul Twin Metro TunnelDrivages in Soft Ground

I. Ocak; Mining Engineering, Istanbul University, Istanbul, TurkeyThe prediction of machine utilization time and determining machine perform-ance plays an important role in scheduling and planning tunnel excavation anddata base created serve a major role in further applications. In this study, theconstruction methods of two twin tunnels situated between Kirazli1 station andMahmutbey station are summarized. Geology in the study area is composed offill, stiff clay, dense sand, very dense sand, and hard clay, respectively startingfrom the surface. The tunnels of 2.48 km in length were excavated with two dif-ferent earth pressure balance machines (EPBM). Excavation diameters of theEPBM were 6.50 m and 6.564 m respectively. The performance of the machinesare analyzed and compared in order to accumulate data for further applicationsin similar ground conditions in Istanbul. The overall performances of

This is the Technical Program as of September 15, 2013. IT IS SUBJECT TO CHANGE. Please see the Onsite Program for final details.

TECHNICAL PROGRAMHerrenknecht EPBM and Lovat EPBM are found to be respectively as; the bestdaily advance rates 26.6 m/day and 29.4 m/day, the best weakly advance rates102.2 m/day and 92.4 m/day, the best monthly advance rates 417.2 m/day and410.2 m/day respectively. Waiting time due to maintenances were 17.3 % and17.4 % respectively.

2:45 PMFeasibility of Using Roadheaders in Development Work forFuture Block Caving Operation

S. Ibarra Gutiérrez2, J. Paraszczak1 and M. Laflamme1; 1Mining, Metall.,Mat. Engrg., Laval University, Quebec, QC, Canada and 2Civil - MiningEngineering, Universidad de La Serena, La Serena, ChileBlock caving is a highly productive and cost effective mining method that re-quires a lot of development work before the production begins. As roadheadershave already proven to be quite effective in hard rock excavation, it was foundinteresting to evaluate their applicability in extensive metal mine development.This paper presents the results of a preliminary analysis of the performance ofroadheaders in a hard rock mine that will switch to block caving in a few years.With regard to local mine and rock conditions and restrictions, an appropriateroadheader type and a muck haulage system have been selected. Productivityand advance rate of the roadheader have been estimated for different scenarios(including sensitivity study) and compared with the conventional drill-and-blasttechniques. The results indicate that for the case under study, from technical andoperational point of view, roadheaders may be a competitive alternative to drill-and-blast, but the study has had its limitations. The paper concludes with rec-ommendations over the future work that should include economic analysis todetermine the unit cost and compare it with conventional drifting methods.

3:05 PMSilver Shaft Rehabilitation

W. Strickland and D. Berberick; Hecla Limited, Couer d’Alene, IDOn January 11, 2012, the Mine Safety and Health Administration ordered the clo-sure of the Silver Shaft, the primary underground access to Hecla’s Lucky FridayMine, for removal of built up backfill material. Lucky Friday and CementationUSA personnel worked quickly to identify the most effective means to get themine back into production. The team developed a fast-track procurement andrefurbishment plan utilizing sinking winches, headframe modifications, a partialshaft Galloway, and modified cages to not only complete clean-off of buildup, butalso replace pipe brackets, shaft steel, and power and communications cables inthe 6,100-foot deep shaft within 13 months.

3:25 PMThe Blitz TBM: An Update on the Use of a TBM for MineDevelopment

T. Luxner; Stillwater Mining Company, Nye, MTStillwater Mining Company has an extensive history with tunnel boring machines(TBM) at the Stillwater and East Boulder underground PGM mines in Montana.The most recent TBM used is for the Blitz Project, where a 5.5m (18ft) diametermain beam unit, commissioned in Q3 2012, is being utilized to drive a 6,858m(22,500 ft) ventilation and haulage level East of the Stillwater Mine for the BlitzExpansion Project. The assembly/commissioning of the TBM, institution of theplanned diamond drilling program, application of ground control systems including McNally supports, and the current tunneling metrics will be covered.

3:45 PMA Block Cave Multiple-mine Production Scheduling Using Mixed-integer Linear Programming

Y. Pourrahimian; Civil and Environmental Engineeing and School ofMining and Petroleum Engineering, University of Alberta, Edmonton,AB, CanadaOptimal sequences of extraction that meet practical and technical constraints areinseparable part of mining operations. Manual planning methods or computersoftware based on heuristic algorithms used in industry do not guarantee opti-mal mining schedule. The objective of this paper is to develop a practical opti-mization framework to schedule production for multiple-mine caving operations.. To overcome the size problem of mathematical programming models and togenerate a robust practical near-optimal schedule, a multi-step method for long-term production scheduling of block caving is presented. The formulations aredeveloped, implemented, and verified in the TOMLAB/CPLEX environment. Theproduction scheduler aims to maximize the net present value of the multiple min-ing operations while the mine planner has control over the following constraintsat each mining area. These constraints include development rate, vertical and

lateral mining rates, mining capacity, maximum number of active drawpoints,and advancement direction. Application and comparison of the models for production scheduling of two mining areas over 10 periods are presented.

MINING & EXPLORATION:Operations: Mine to Mill Optimization II

2:00 PM • Tuesday, February 25Chair: J. Eloranta, Eloranta and Associates, Tower, MN

2:00 PMIntroductions

2:05 PMMine-to-Mill Optimization through Integration of Historian Datawith Relational Data

M. Erkayaoglu and S. Dessureault; Mining and Geological Engineering,University of Arizona, Tucson, AZMine-to-Mill applications continue to be of high interest in both mine operationsand mineral processing. The primary objective is to enact holistic improvementsthrough the value chain to improve efficiencies, quality, throughput, and ulti-mately profit. Data is a critical piece in mine-to-mill initiatives as it pervades theentire value chain. Data of various forms, level of detail, and from many vendorsis found in industrial processes. For example, equipment monitoring productsare largely based on GPS technologies producing relational data. The data canalso be geospatial, chemical, and have both design and actual phases. In mineralprocessing plants, floor production information is commonly analog data storedthrough data loggers, and more sophisticatedly, data historians. Standards likeISA-88 and ISA-95 could be guidelines to re-define process data into a structure.Hybrid nature of mining has to be classified in a sequential manner. The datamust move freely between the historian, the mine planning and block modelingrelational origins. A semantic layer, a way of linking clean data, can be used toeasily push data into historians or process data in relational environments.

2:25 PMDrill to Mill Optimization in Existing Mines and Greenfield Projects

L. Workman1 and J. Eloranta2; 1Barr Engineering Company, Bismarck, ND and 2Eloranta and Associates, Tower, MNThe design of mine blasts to optimize downstream unit operations on mininganf processing has been progressing for some fifteen years. A significant body ofevidence has developed to support the concept that drilling and blasting canhave a major impact on downstream productivity and cost. This paper discusseswhat has transpired and the importance of drill to mill design on productivity,cost and sustainability. Important aspects of design, implementation and moni-toring are discussed. Throughput, mining and processing cost, energy consump-tion and carbon footprint are all potentially affected. An important issue is howdrill to mill should be applied to greenfields at the level of feasibility and de-tailed engineering studies, where there is not a mining history or productionscale testing available to support the design and projected benefits. This will bediscussed in the paper.

2:45 PMA Valid Approach to Equipment Productivity and ReliabilityBenchmarking

R. Adsero; GBI Mining Intelligence Inc, Olathe, KSAs massive data warehouses fill with every conceivable byte of mine informa-tion, equipment productivity for at least the last seven years has declined.Nassim Taleb tells us “The calamity of the information age is that the toxicity ofdata increases much faster than its benefits”. More data has not increased pro-ductivity nor has it caused the decline. The right data and the right analytics inthe hands of the right people can lead to improved performance. The simplestdata based form of business improvement is benchmarking – understandingand evaluating your performance in relation to “best practice”. Many mining op-erations excuse themselves from such equipment performance comparisonsclaiming they are “unique”. This paper will present a valid approach to bench-marking equipment performance and reliability, accounting for the differencesand similarities between operations, producing a result which can be used toadd value to mines around the world.

This is the Technical Program as of September 15, 2013. IT IS SUBJECT TO CHANGE. Please see the Onsite Program for final details.

TECHNICAL PROGRAM3:05 PMHow Can Asset Management be the Path to FinancialEnlightenment?

A. Cornford; Ausenco, Vancouver, BC, CanadaAsset Management is often stereo typed as being about maintenance and relia-bility. In truth Asset Management is more than that; at its core, AssetManagement is about providing guidance and direction through the best andworst of times. Recent developments, like the introduction of PAS55, and earlydrafts of ISO55000, outline the boundaries of Asset Management as almost limit-less when it comes to establishing and verifying a combined, optimized, andwhole-life management system relating to your physical assets. As designers,constructors, operators and maintainers we control key components of theAsset Management domain and yet when the pressure from markets and seniormanagement come calling for reduced costs and protection of margins we aban-don the thinking that is best placed to guide us through these tougher times. Thispaper will explore and explain how the application and adherence of these principles can provide such guidance and deliver true enlightenment in the faceof ever changing financial constraints.

3:25 PMImproving Underground Stope Blasting at the Leeville Complex

J. Rahn and P. Schmeising; Newmont, Elko, NVThis paper will summarize the changes made to the drill and blast stoping pro-gram at the Leeville Complex, a 3,500 ore ton per day underground gold mine onthe Carlin Trend. The changes are aimed at reduction of backbreak, overbreak,and underbreak while also increasing productivity by increasing shot size. Stopeblasting performance is measured by a seismograph analysis identifying non-contributing or underperforming holes for each stope shot. Overall stope per-formance is measured by conducting a reconciliation in which a 3d survey ofvoid space is compared to design and analyzed ring by ring once the entire stopeis mined. Based on stope performance changes are made to timing, ring burden,and hole spacing. Another improvement is the implementation of presplit explosives to reduce backbreak and allow mining closer to the main levels increasing ore recovery.

MINING & EXPLORATION:Technology: Geotechnical Software,

Common Practices in Mining2:00 PM • Tuesday, February 25

Chair: K. Perry, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY

2:00 PMIntroductions

2:05 PMAnalysis of Effect of W/H Ratio on the Strength of Pillar in Coal Mining

D. Kumar, A. Gupta and A. Mishra; Mining Engineering, Indian Schoolof Mines, Dhanbad, IndiaIn underground coal mines, the size of pillar in bord and pillar mining method, ismainly influenced by depth of overlying strata, percentage extraction during de-velopment, strength of coal, nature of roof and floor and geological disturbancese.g. faults. In India the width of galleries shall not exceed 4.8m and the height ofthe galleries shall not exceed 3m. Basic principle of pillar design A pillar is de-signed to support the roof of a mine section. If the load on pillar due to overlyingstrata exceeds its strength, the pillar will fail. Hence in order to specify the size ofpillar, it is essential to know a) the load on the pillar, and b) the strength of thepillar (Singh R.D., 2011). Strength of pillar mainly depend upon W/H ratio. IfW/h ratio increases the strength of pillar will also increase and vice-versa. Buton increasing the width, the extraction ratio will get reduce and cost of produc-tion (per tons of coal) will increase. This study is being carried out to find out theoptimum W/H ratio for pillar by numerical modelling software FLAC 3D so thatthe working will be safe as well as the extraction will be optimized.

2:25 PMGeotechnical Software Evolution and Integration, a Perfect Fitfor Mine Monitoring

J. Tavares; Soldata, Seattle, WAThe Chuquicamata Mine Project, an Integrated Approach Chuquicamata is anenormous copper mine in Chile. It required technological help to manage andmonitor its facility, and to integrate the combination of different real time geot-echnical monitoring technologies into a single user friendly platform. Originally,access to this data was from a multitude of software programs and systems.Soldata installed an integrated software system called Geoscope whichprocessed all data types under one software platform. One big advantage wasthe ability for Soldata’s Geoscope software platform to integrate Slope StabilityRadar in the same platform that collected data from hundreds geotechnical sen-sors, such as piezometers, extensometers, in place inclinometers, etc. With anenormous amount of data, radars are notoriously hard to integrate with othersensors and manage efficiently. Another major advancement was the integration of AMTS systems under the same software package. Data from AMTSlocations were integrated into the Geoscope Software and provided real timegraphics, time/displacement graphs, 3D contouring, as well as 4D imaging.

2:45 PMNumerical Prediction/Estimation of Coal Pillar StrengthC. Carlton, B. Abbasi, S. Bastola and Y. Chugh; Southern IllinoisUniversity, Carbondale, ILPrevious researches on pillar failure indicate that the dominant models of fail-ure are progressive shear, tension cracks, and cutter. Several empirical formulasdeveloped for estimating pillar strength suggest that the strength of the pillarsystem is directly related to the pillar width-to-height ratio. Three dimensionaldiscrete element analyses were performed with estimated Hoek-Brown failurecriterion parameters for different lithology associated with the coal seam to pre-dict the failure and strength of the pillar. Three common approaches for predict-ing Hoek-Brown properties for post peak behavior (constant residual frictionangle, residual GSI value and Hoek-Barton) were implemented numerically andresults were compared with the empirical results. Analysis showed that thenewly adapted Barton-Hoek model for the post peak behavior, predicts pillarstrength more realistically, the other two approaches over estimate pillarstrength for width-to-height ratios larger than three. Failure analysis indicatestensile failure at coal ribs, while shear failure is observed at roof and floor strata.The combination of shear and tensile failure is seen at coal rib corners.

3:05 PMKPIs, Reporting and Dashboard Creation: Mistakes to Avoid andBest Practices for Success

R. Witucki; Industry, Schneider Electric, Alpharetta, GAAny mining operation has a huge collection of data, but not necessarily action-able information. A myriad of different software and devices are generating tonsof variables that can be useless if not correctly grouped, analyzed and delivered.In theory, all of this data collection is necessary to provide high level informa-tion to management, who in turn, leverage the information from dashboardsand reports to understand the mine performance and drive business decisions.A well-compiled dashboard can be a great ally for decision making. However, ifnot properly created, formatted and presented, compiled information can causedistractions, lack of productivity, or poor decisions. The objective of this paper isto show, with real examples, best practices and common mistakes of dashboardcreation for a mining operation and how to drive better business decisions.

3:25 PMThe Sustainable Value Journey: Using IT-OT Integration toExploit the Mining Value Chain

J. Starwood; Microsoft Corporation, Grand Rapids, MIPost-super-cycle mining executives must exploit every aspect of the value chainto deliver continued value to stakeholders. Integrating enterprise-wide infor-mation technology with value-chain-wide operational technology, known as IT-OT integration, is essential to extracting optimal results from the value chain.Mining companies trail other industries with respect to IT-OT integration acrossthe value chain. Manual data consolidation and value chain optimization usingspreadsheets and human intelligence are widespread practices within theIndustry. Increasing automation with smart devices and controllers means thevolume and velocity of data will soon increase beyond human abilities.Enterprise Architecture provides a method for aligning information technologywith the business operating model to successfully implement IT-OT integration.A Value Realization Framework (VRF) provides a means for predictable

This is the Technical Program as of September 15, 2013. IT IS SUBJECT TO CHANGE. Please see the Onsite Program for final details.

TECHNICAL PROGRAMtraceable value realization from IT investments and assets. Attendees will learnhow to accomplish IT-OT integration that provides their executives with astrategic value-chain-aligned platform for sustained value delivery over the long term.

3:45 PMGeotechnical Analyses of Mining-induced Seismicity

H. Maleki; Hamid Maleki, Maleki Technologies, Inc., Spokane, WAThis paper presents the results of geotechnical monitoring and stress analysesat one mine located in the Book Cliffs and relevant data and observations fromanother mine located in the East Mountain, Utah. The intent is to demonstratethe application of geotechnical methodologies in evaluating mine seismicity andstress-control technologies including evolutions in yield pillar and in-districtbarrier pillar designs for variable topographic conditions of these two coalfields. The source of seismicity is investigated while simulating slip along geo-logical discontinuities during multiple panel extraction. The numerical modelingmethodology is applied to the Book Cliffs mine setting while describing the useof in-district barrier as one effective design feature for controlling mine seismicity in deep mines for improving stability and safety.

4:05 PMRehabilitation Risk Mapping System: Case Studies at theTurquoise Ridge Joint Venture, Nevada

L. Sandbak and N. Sandbak; Engineering, Barrick Gold, Golconda, NVBiannually over 50,000 feet of development drifts are mapped for rehabilitationrepair for the TRJV cut and fill underground gold mine. The risk rehab mappingsystem uses observable factors which affect the ground stability including cor-rosion of support elements, changing stress conditions, shotcrete or rock crack-ing, formation of wire baskets, and back and rib profiles. Each factor raring isadded, and the total rating (0-65) determines the identification of areas whichpose the greatest risk of failure based on priority. Categories are StabilityUncertain, Currently Stable, and Monitoring. Remedies for extensive rehab is toadd support from longer bolts and shotcrete, or to remove broken rock and thenre-bolt to support the remaining intact rock. The areas with the highest risk cat-egory employ a shotcrete arch rehabilitation method using lattice girders, shot-crete and expandable grout which combine the rigid support of the lattice girderarch set and shotcrete with the more yielding expandable grout. Cross drift con-vergence monitoring from extensometers in the drift and rock show a dramaticdecrease in movement rates after the rehab methods to a manageable level.

4:25 PMAn Investigation on Loading-contact Problem in Splitting TensileStrength Test

P. Roghanchi, R. Thareja and R. Kallu; Mining Engineering, Universityof Nevada, Reno, Reno, NVSplitting tensile strength test (Brazilian test) is performed by applying two op-posite concentrated compression load across the diameter of a disk specimenuntil the failure occurs along the loaded diameter. Theoretically, the load is ap-plied over a small width as a line load. However, by increasing the load, the con-tact width between the jaw and the specimen increases as the jaw and the spec-imen are deformed. The main aim of this study is to investigate the stressdistribution in (1) traditional Brazilian specimen and the jaws and (2) Brazilianspecimen with flattened ends. A series of the splitting tensile strength tests anduniaxial compression strength tests was performed on three rock types: rhyo-lite, basalt, and limestone. Numerical simulation studies were performed to in-vestigate the effect of the contact between jaw and Brazilian specimen on stressdistribution in the disc specimen based on the results from the experimentation.Further, the stress distribution in the traditional Brazilian test specimen and theflattened end Brazilian test specimen were compared.

MINING & EXPLORATION:Technology: Modern Technologies

in Mining Construction2:00 PM • Tuesday, February 25

Chair: K. Wooton, Frontier Kemper Constructors, Inc., Evansville, IN

2:00 PMIntroductions

2:05 PMChallenges of Large Diameter Blind Drilling and Lining inFractured Ground

N. Wedding, C. Ernst and W. Stiller; Frontier-Kemper Constructors, Inc., Evansville, INThe underground operation at Barrick’s Cortez Mine, located near Elko, NV, re-quired the construction of a 12 foot diameter smooth-lined ventilation shaft.Barrick preferred to mechanically excavate from the ground surface withoutputting people in the excavation and considered blind drilling by Frontier-Kemper Constructors the best option. Design and construction challenges arosethroughout both the excavation and lining stages. A large portion of the rock tobe drilled was highly fractured. Important risks that were addressed includedwater loss into the formation, zones of squeezing ground, damage to drillingtools caused by blocky ground and fallout, and potential hazards during cast-in-place concrete lining. Detailed explanations of these challenges and the methodsused to overcome them will be described.

2:25 PMImpact of Using Synchronous Condenser for Power SystemStability and Improvement of Short Circuit Power in Mining Projects

M. Nambiar; ABB Switzerland Ltd, Baden-Daettwil, SwitzerlandDue to the remote locations of the mining projects and the demand for longtransmission lines to provide electrical power, mine sites often operate withpoor network power quality and low short circuit capacity. In order to cope upwith this situation, more and more mining projects are considering the installa-tion of appropriately designed synchronous condensers together with harmonicfilter system. The installation of these power quality equipments is viewed as atechnological advancement in the mining application. An adequate level of shortcircuit power is essential and has to be ensured for the safe and reliable opera-tion of especially large cycloconverter driven gearless mill drive systems usedfor the grinding application. Increase in plant short circuit power is achieved bylowering the network impedance. The synchronous condenser also providessmooth voltage control during mill starting or major load trips, thereby regulating the plant voltage within the required limits. This paper will explorethe impact, technical advantage and reasoning for the selection of the advancedhybrid technology mentioned above, to cope with the power system challengesfor future mining projects

2:45 PMInterpretation of Cross-Hole Testing Using the Westbay Systemand Petrel Geological Software at a Greenfield Mine Site, Alaska

S. O’Neill2 and A. Levannier1; 1Industrial Water, Schlumberger WaterServices, North Vancouver, BC, Canada and 2Water Services, Schlumberger Water Services, Delft, NetherlandsAs part of baseline characterization, one borehole was instrumented in October– November 2006 using Westbay® multilevel groundwater characterizationand monitoring systems. The objective was to help characterize the deep hydro-geology of the site. The Westbay completion was installed to a depth of 1,236 m,providing 50 water pressure measurement ports. The hole crosses two majorfaults and several smaller faults. Monthly piezometric profiles have been col-lected since 2008. The data analysis highlights the groundwater pressures re-sponse to seasonal recharge and barometric variations as well as the strongdownward gradient across the interpreted base of the Tertiary formations.Cross-hole tests were carried out using the Westbay System to record the pres-sure changes at multiple levels in response to staged drilling and air lifting in anadjacent borehole. This allowed a refined description of the main hydrogeologic

This is the Technical Program as of September 15, 2013. IT IS SUBJECT TO CHANGE. Please see the Onsite Program for final details.

TECHNICAL PROGRAMunits. The original cross hole testing data was reviewed and selected tests werere-evaluated using Petrel® seismic-to-simulation software by reconstructingthe wells, generating the structural links between the two holes and presentingthe interpretations in 3-D.

3:05 PMBest Practices for Deploying Fiber, 802.11 and Other WirelessTechnologies in Underground Mines

T. Michaud; Strata Worldwide, Sandy Springs, GAAs mines strive to become more efficient, they are relying on technologies toprovide instant data, real-time control and in some cases live images to mini-mize down time and maximize efficiencies. Both all these new technologies re-quire high speed infrastructure underground. Armstrong coal has deployed aninnovative mix of the latest Fiber, 802.11 and other wireless technologies to pro-vide the data highway in the new Lewis Creek operations. Although many ofthese technologies have been around for many years, the innovation breakthrough pertains to how to best use the technologies to minimize the labor andparts needed to install and maintain while maximum reuse and recover of com-ponents. This paper will present the communication challenges that Lewis Creekfaced, the different technologies selected, the system architecture and resultingdata as to the cost of both installation and maintenance of the system verse traditional communication infrastructure.

3:25 PMAdvancements in Vertical Conveying

S. Collins; FKC-Lake Shore, Evansville, INVertical belts have advantages that make them a good solution for certain min-ing and underground civil applications. Lift heights have been a limiting factorfor the vertical belt - keeping it from being a viable solution for many operations.Recent advancements in lift height (up to 700m) have opened the market tobroader application. Vertical belts have some advantages over traditional solu-tions. They occupy very little room and are unsupported in the shaft. These fea-tures reduce overall operating and maintenance costs. The shaft diameter can bereduced due to the small footprint. There are also significant power consump-tion advantages. In 2001 FKC-Lake Shore deployed the largest vertical belt in theworld at White County Coal. To date, the system has delivered more than 38 mil-lion tons of coal and still stands as the deepest and highest capacity system inoperation. Using this system as a case study, this paper will seek to explore thelessons learned from more than 12 years of experience with the PocketLiftSystem and will look at the advancements that are creating an expanded futurefor vertical conveying.

3:45 PMApplication of Discrete Element Method Simulation inUnderground Discontinuous Haulage

A. Agasty, E. Clausen, M. Kellner and O. Langefeld; Department ofUndedrground Mining Methods and Machinery, Clausthal Universityof Technology, Clausthal-Zellerfeld, GermanyDiscrete Element Method (DEM) is a numerical technique for simulating and an-alyzing the mechanics of a myriad of particles. DEM allows for realistic particlegeometries with translational and rotational degrees of freedom. DEM has beenapplied to a variety of problems such as granular material, powders, jointed rockmasses and bulk materials. In the mining industry DEM application to conveyortransfer points, shovel-dumper loading etc. has been successful. This study illus-trates its application to the discontinuous material transport in undergroundmines. The ore spillage during haulage through uneven galleries not only resultsin additional working step but it raises safety concerns. The motivation of thisstudy lies in the design optimization of the shovel. The EDEM® 2.5 particle sim-ulation software provided by DEM Solutions Ltd. is used to simulate haulage ofvaried rock sizes through a dipping underground gallery. The requirements andchallenges imposed on the simulation in this case are the freedom of the shovelin x-y-z space and variety in the particle group. The presented study satisfacto-rily fulfills these requirements and aids in important design related decisions.

Research in Industry2:00 PM • Tuesday, February 25

Chair: D. Mlahotra, Resource Development Inc., Wheat Ridge, CO

2:00 PMIntroductions

2:05 PMApplying R&D to a Vision for the Future of Mining

Leigh W Freeman, Principal & General Manager, Downing Teal Inc.Universities have a unique opportunity (responsibility) in mining research anddevelopment … specifically, to address the future of mining in a truly multi-dis-ciplinary manner combining hard and soft (social) sciences. Viewed this way,mining departments with their intimate understanding of mining processesserve as portals between the future needs of society for natural resources andthe broad spectrum of intellectual resources at universities. Since Agricola mas-terfully documented the state of mining technology in De Re Metallica in 1556,mining technology has continued to evolve to meet the needs of society. Theseare hard science technologies. Lawrence Cathles in his paper Humanity’sGreatest Risk is Risk Avoidance discusses the concept that social issues not tech-nology will be the limiting factor in providing natural resources in the most costeffective way. Implicitly, ‘cost effective’ includes traditional economic elementsas well as short-, medium- and long-term social and environmental costs. AKA …the triple bottom line. To serve its future role in society mining can be viewed asthe beginning of the supply chain for manufacturing. The US economy providesa vision for the future of mining. On a gross dollar basis the US is the largestmining economy in the world, dominated by building materials to provide infra-structure and coal to provide low-cost electricity. Both are consumed almostentirely internally. As documented by the USGS, there is a nine-times multiplierfrom mined materials to directly linked value-added manufacturing products.In contrast, this ratio is approximately one-to-one in both Chile and Australia,both with much smaller populations to support internal use of natural re-sources. Accordingly, in larger developed economies mining is simply a processto provide materials for value-added manufacturing of necessary resource ma-terials, the bulk of which will be consumed internally by an affluent society. Thisvision provides a basis to view the future role of mining from a different per-spective. As the global population grows, stabilizes and becomes affluent, min-ing will be viewed as the beginning of manufacturing with economies defined bythe triple bottom line. This evolution will occur over the next two generations.Universities uniquely provide the disciplinary diversity for research and devel-opment to address this vision for The Future of Mining. Mining departmentshave an opportunity (responsibility) to lead this evolution.

2:25 PMCurrent Research Advances in Resource Estimates and MinePlanning. Where Are We Going? Is It A Good Place?

Donald Hulse VP and Principal Mining Engineer, Gustavson Associates, LLCThe 1950’s saw the first publication of the work of Danie Krige as well as thefirst electronic computers with transistors. The 1960’s saw the publication ofthe graph theory approach of Helmut Lerchs and Ingo Grossman applied to eco-nomic pit time analysis. The 1970’s saw the development of commercial miningsoftware and this has paralleled the increase of computing power available totoday. This review explores some of the recent advances in theory and applica-tion of geostatistics and mining computer applications. As each software vendortries to leapfrog his competitors, and mining companies and their consultantsdeal with increasing public scrutiny, how can these tools improve decision making in the mining industry?

2:45 PMRecent Advances in Mineral Processing Technology

Deepak Malhotra, President, Resource Development Inc.This paper will review the recent improvements in equipment and operationsbased on the fundamental and applied research work on-going in the academiaand industrial centers.

This is the Technical Program as of September 15, 2013. IT IS SUBJECT TO CHANGE. Please see the Onsite Program for final details.

TECHNICAL PROGRAM3:05 PMMining for Sage Grouse, Eagles and Swiss-Italians

Tom Williams, Vice President of Environmental Affairs, Midway GoldUS Inc.Tom’s discussion will focus on the major stumbling blocks encountered in per-mitting the Pan Mine located near Ely and Eureka, Nevada. Dealing with the es-calating requirements surrounding the greater sage grouse issue, and the newrequirements coming from the increased enforcement of the Bald EagleProtection Act has provided numerous challenges that all mines in the west willhave to contend with in the future. The National Historic Preservation Act(HHPA) and the Carbonari (Swiss-Italian charcoal producers from the late1800s) also provided excitement and possibly a new focus for legislative efforts.Tom will shed some light on how these issues were tackled and addressed during the NEPA and permitting processes, and how the outcome will affectcompliance at the mine when it opens in 2014.

3:25 PMThe Role of Student Mine Rescue Training in Today’s MiningEngineering Curriculum: A Case Study Establishing a StudentMine Rescue Team at the University of Freiberg, Germany

N Henderson C.S.M., H. Mischo U. of Freiburg, J. Brune, C.S.M.Many mining engineering graduates enter the mining industry as engineerswithout any experience in mine emergency management. Mining universities inthe U.S and other countries are forming volunteer student mine rescue teams totrain mining engineers in handling mine emergency situations and give themhands-on-experience managing the potential emergency scenarios under-ground. This presentation takes a look at the unique obstacles TU BergakademieFreiberg in Germany faces creating a collegiate mine rescue team. Some of thesechallenges include the country-specific certifications required to wear breathingapparatus and the student team’s reliance on local professional mine rescueprograms for team support. Overcoming these differences in regulations andobstacles, the Colorado School of Mines Mine Rescue Program was modified tofit the needs of TU Bergakademie Freiberg in order to expand their existing minerescue training course by developing an extended practical program that wouldbest prepare Freiberg students with this valuable knowledge before they beginworking in industry.

UCA of SME II: Shaft Sinking in Civil and Mining Applications

2:00 PM • Tuesday, February 25Chairs: R. Henn, Brierley Associates LLC, Littleton, CO

D. Klug, David R Klug & Associates Inc., Murray, PA

2:00 PMIntroductions

2:05 PMThe Blue Plains Tunnel

J. Diiulio; Traylor Skanska Jay Dee Joint Venture, Washington, DCThe Blue Plains Tunnel (BPT) is a design build project for the District ofColumbia Water and Sewer Authority (DC Water). BPT is one of the three maintunnels being implemented for the collection of combined sewer overflows to betreated by DC Water’s Blue Plains Advanced Waste Water Treatment Plant, theworld’s largest advanced waste water treatment plant. Upon completion of thein-depth analysis and design, two combined shafts in a figure-8 configurationwere constructed through soft ground. The figure-8 consists of a 76-foot diame-ter screening shaft and 132-foot diameter dewatering shaft approximately 160-foot deep. The shafts are constructed through fill, alluvium, and very stiff to hardsilt and clays, by means of slurry diaphragm wall for the support of excavation.The slurry walls were excavated to approximately 194-feet. The screening shaftwill provide the ability to coordinate all the tunneling operations including thelaunch of the earth pressure balance tunnel boring machine.

2:25 PMVertical Excavation

W. Burger; Herrenknecht AG, Schwanau, GermanyVertical or shaft excavations are one of the last areas where the use of fullymechanized equipment has not become a common state of the art solution.Numerous concepts and attempts for mechanization have been made through-out the last decades, however only within the past five years reliable systemshave become available and used successfully on site. The presentation will showprevious developments and explain in detail modern systems for both softground and hard rock blind shaft excavations as well as box hole excavations including case histories.

2:45 PMBottom-upÉ or Top-downÑ What is the Best Shaft ConstructionProcess for Your Mine?

H. Gibson; Cowin & Company, Inc, Birmingham, ALUnderground mine operators have several options when deciding how to con-struct shafts, both from the surface and between mine levels. Each process hasspecific advantages, limitations, variations and hybrid options that can have asignificant impact on not only the cost of the shaft but the size, functionality,risk, timing and duration of construction. This paper provides an analysis of theavailable options from the perspective of assisting mine operators determinethe optimal shaft construction process for the unique characteristics of a mineand the potential impact of that construction on the mining process.

3:05 PMDesign and Construction of the Tunnel Access Shaft for Lake Mead Intake No.3

G. Sherry; Brierley Associates LLC, Denver, COThe Tunnel Access Shaft for Lake Mead Intake No.3 consists of a 600 foot deep,30 foot diameter shaft constructed through metamorphic rocks. The shaft wasconstructed using drill-and-blast methods with the top-down final lining placedas excavation proceeded. The shaft passed through a major fault zone and sev-eral minor fault zones. Extensive pre-excavation grouting for water control wasperformed for much of the depth of the shaft. A number of stub tunnels and alarge TBM assembly chamber were also constructed.

3:25 PMShaft Boring Roadheader

J. Marrington; DMC Mining Corp., Richmond Hill, ON, CanadaThe shaft boring Roadheader is a development for mechanized excavation ofvertical deep blind shafts in soft ground (e.g. frozen ground) or medium hardrock. The excavation process is based on the use of a Roadheader cutting boomused in tunnelling or mining applications. A pneumatic mucking system is usedto transport material into bunkers and from the bunkers, material is dischargedinto buckets and raise to surface.

3:45 PMShaft Construction Alternatives – Large Diameter BoreholeHoisting Systems

D. Martin, R. Hunt and A. Price Jones; Cementation Canada Inc., North Bay`, ON, CanadaThe use of low to medium capacity hoisting systems installed within raisedshafts in deep mines is not new, but now two significant technical obstacles havebeen overcome to enable the concept of a higher capacity borehole hoisting sys-tem for both mine service and primary production (300 to 600 tonnes/hr) to be-come a reality. One essential requirement for a higher capacity borehole hoist-ing system is that it be truly vertical; within tight tolerances. Massive payloadstravelling at high speeds within a hoisting shaft would generate significant lat-eral accelerations due to excessive deviations, resulting in undesirable swayingand lateral dynamic forces. Apart from causing undue wear to guides and shoes,such dynamic forces and swaying could soon damage conveyances, supportsand shaft furnishings. The second requirement is to provide sufficient space forlarger, high capacity conveyances to pass by one another safely while travellingin the shaft, while at the same time allowing the conveyance to be dimensionedappropriately for efficient handling of rock materials. The necessary cross sec-tional area requirements point to borehole diameters of the order of 5m to 6m.

This is the Technical Program as of September 15, 2013. IT IS SUBJECT TO CHANGE. Please see the Onsite Program for final details.

TECHNICAL PROGRAMValuation: Lessons Learned2:00 PM • Tuesday, February 25

Chairs: R. Jolk, MPDI, Golden, CO T. Knobloch, James Knobloch Petroleum Consultants Inc., Maietta, OH

2:00 PMIntroductions

2:05 PMWhat is the Fair Market Value of 1,000 Acres in the Utica Shale in Ohio?

T. Knobloch1 and J. Gustavson2; 1James Knobloch Petroleum Consultants Inc., Marietta, OH and 2Mineral Appraiser, LLC, Boulder, OHThe Utica Shale play in Ohio is evolving on an almost daily basis. Results of newwells can significantly change the value that oil and gas operators are willing topay for leases including the lease bonus. On one end of the spectrum, the resultsof 1 or 2 wells may severely discount the potential value of large acreage posi-tions, while in other areas, a “monster well” could make leasing values sky-rocket. These great fluctuations in value can cause valuators to carefully con-sider their basis for Experience indicates that oil and gas acreage values varydepending on the location, the stage of oil and gas development on the acreageand offset to acreage, and ultimately, the highest and best use. Valuations com-pleted to date indicate that within a shale play, not all 1,000 acre parcels are notcreated equal. A brief introduction to the Utica Shale play as it stands today willbe presented followed by a review of “1000 acre parcels” in various countiesacross the Utica Shale Play.

2:25 PMThe Science and Skill Underlying Sales ComparisonsAdjustments in Mineral Property Appraisal

D. Collins; Ellis International Services, Littleton, COAn integral part of the Sales Comparisons Approach used in mineral propertyappraisals is the transaction adjustment process where adjustments are madefrom value components derived from transactions of similar properties to con-vert them to those of the Subject Property. The adjustments are based on knownfacts and are usually a calculated or educated percentage estimation.Adjustments are made on attributes such as mineral grade and quality, mine anddeposit size, mineral processing, mine type and operating costs, location, infrastructure and site access, taxes, royalties, tariffs, project and country risks.

2:45 PMLessons Learned from Appraising Shale Properties

J. Gustavson; Mineral Appraiser LLC, Boulder, COThe quality of shale appraisals is bounded upwards by USPAP/IRS-compliant re-ports and in the other end by casual opinions espoused by self-proclaimed “pro-fessionals” (otherwise competent lawyers, accountants, surface appraisers, evenlandmen and field engineers). However, quality work by minerals appraisersmust follow USPAP and IRS regulations. It must be based on a reasonable declineforecast and a discount rate reflecting the market once a property is producing.Alternatively, when properties are undeveloped, appraisers must rely on thebonus market for sales comparison followed by extrapolation to FMV. The “oldbridge” for FMV of 2½ times bonus must be reexamined, and the result mustthen be adjusted for maturity of exploration. Landowners form trusts for heirs,which may further sever the minerals into Executive and Non-ParticipatingRoyalty interests with additional discounts (DLOC and DLOM) to be discussed.

3:05 PMValuing Mineral Interests in Federal Land Exchanges

E. Moritz; Gustavson Associates, Boulder, COFederal land exchanges occur from time to time and on occasion involve mineralinterests. When conducting such an assignment, it is necessary to follow theUASFLA standards and prepare two separate reports for the parties exchangingproperties. This presentation discusses experiences in valuing mineral interestsas part of exchange assignment and discusses methodology in the approach tovalue. The challenges of finding comparable sales data and larger parcel analysisare also discussed.

3:25 PMAppraisal of Oil and Gas Rights in The Pennsylvania MarcellusRegion: Timing and Facts are Everything

J. Kern; Resource Technologies Corporation, State College, PAUsing a recent Internal Revenue Service Case, the paper presents the factors tobe considered and the procedures used when appraising both developed andundeveloped oil and gas rights in Pennsylvania. The paper examines the owner-ship, geology, production, market, and capital factors considered in developingvalue. The application of reserve classification standards is also discussed.Finally, the paper examines the importance of timing in developing valuationsand in the use of the appraisal in tax planning, bank lending, and other applications.

3:45 PMChasing Your Tail: Cost Depletion and Valuation of Mineral Properties

M. Cronshaw; Gustavson Associates, LLC, Boulder, COThe income method must be considered as part of the valuation of mineral prop-erties. This requires a forecast of the cash flows that are anticipated from theproperty. Income taxes must be included in the cash flows if an after tax ap-proach is used. With such an approach there is a circularity in the valuation thathas a substantial effect on value and must be resolved. (1) The value of the prop-erty depends on the anticipated income tax obligation, and (2) The income taxobligation depends on the cost depletion that will be taken, which in turn depends on the value of the property. This paper discusses analytical methodsfor resolving this circularity, and provides an example to show that it can have asubstantial effect on value.

This is the Technical Program as of September 15, 2013. IT IS SUBJECT TO CHANGE. Please see the Onsite Program for final details.

Barrick North America’sOPERATORS SESSION

4:00 PM • Tuesday, February 25

Mike Rayburn is a captivating keynote artist with a presentation completely un-like any you've ever seen! Having been called "the World's Funniest GuitarVirtuoso," Mike uses his astounding guitar creations, uproarious songs, and vet-eran presentation skills to encourage, challenge and inspire his audiences to leapbeyond their perceived limitations. He can focus his program completely on en-tertainment, depending on your needs. Mike draws from a wealth of life experi-ence as an adventurer, business owner, comedian, world-class guitarist, author,philanthropist, husband, and father, to deliver a presentation which is motiva-tional, hilarious, and musically amazing!

Just to set foot on the stage at Carnegie Hall is a career moment for any per-former. Mike Rayburn is one of a handful of people in the world to become a reg-ular headliner at Carnegie Hall and to have recorded a live "Mike Rayburn atCarnegie Hall" CD . However, Mike performs most often for the world's leadingcorporations and associations, doing more than 100 presentations every year.Some clients have booked Mike as many as 10-12 times! His program is sounique he has been featured in USA Today, Newsweek, Billboard, Gig,Programming, American Entertainment, and Successful Meetings magazines.

MikeRayburn

TECHNICAL PROGRAMWednesday, February 26 Morning

MINERAL & METALLURGICAL PROCESSING:Water In Minerals Processing 4:

Effect of Water Quality on Minerals Processing8:00 AM • Wednesday, February 26

Chairs: D. Nagaraj, Cytec Industries, Stamford, CT R. Farinato, Cytec Industries, Stamford, CT

8:00 AMIntroductions

8:05 AMCritical Water Issues and Iron Ore Beneficiation Plants

D. Connelly; Mineral Engineering Technical Services, Perth, WA, AustraliaThe industry places a high value on good quality water for processing iron ores.Minimising its use with conservation and recycling are the norm. Where ground-water is used, sustainability and recharge rates matching extraction is manda-tory for licenses to be maintained. Transporting water over long distances andthe need for reverse osmosis is becoming more common for iron ore projects be-cause the water is usually poor quality and high in chlorides. Product specifica-tions impose limits of chlorides in iron ores. Some projects are capacity limitedbecause of water supply. Water is also used for dust suppression, camps andslurry transport of product. This paper also looks at options, strategies, unit op-erations, water accounting and system analysis for iron ore resource projectswhere large quantities of water are required.

8:25 AMSalinity Effects on Flotation of Copper and Molybdenum Ores –From Tap to Hypersaline Waters

R. Farinato and D. Nagaraj; Cytec Industries, Stamford, CTWater constitutes one of the most valuable resources employed in mineral re-covery and processing. Developing flotation reagents that are effective in watersunusable for drinking or agriculture, including seawater and even hypersalinewaters, would greatly expand our ability to create more sustainable beneficia-tion technologies. The soluble species in such saline waters can significantly im-pact collector, frother and modifier reagent activities. Those interactions can af-fect collector and modifier selectivity, and froth phase structure with ultimateconsequences on flotation performance. The current paucity of our knowledge-base regarding high salinity effects on flotation clearly signals a need for its ren-ovation. We report here results of several designed experiments probing watercomposition factor effects on the flotation of copper and molybdenum ores.

8:45 AMEvaluation of the Flotation Process in Efforts to Improve NickelRecovery and Grade

L. Moore1, P. Macy1, R. Casagrande3, L. Tavares2 and J. Sessoms1; 1Minerals and Metals, Kemira, Atlanta, GA; 2Mirabela Minerals, Bahia,Brazil and 3Minerals and Metals, Kemira, Sao Paulo, BrazilA mine in Bahia State, Brazil is a producer of a nickel concentrate which alsocontains both copper and iron for the end use of steel production (Ni: 15%, Cu:5%, Fe: 28%). An extremely important specification for the quality of the steel isthe Fe/MgO ratio, thus decreasing below 3.5/1 will substantially impact thenickel casting process. This nickel concentrate producer has historically minedthe sulfur rich mineral piroxenitite, but have been forced to move to a MgO/SiO4rich mineral, harzburgitite. As such, the nickel recovery has been reduced to~50% as a means of maintaining the Fe/MgO ratio that is required by the enduser. This paper presents an evaluation of the mineralogy, water chemistry, andchemical additives associated with the flotation process in efforts to increase thenickel recovery while maintaining the Fe/MgO specification. New chemistry isbeing introduced with the specific goal of complexing with the MgO, and retarding its interactions with the bubble flow.

9:05 AMThe Influence of Water Quality on Froth Flotation

S. Farrokhpay1 and D. Bradshaw2; 1JKMRC, The University of Queens-land, Indooroopilly, QLD, Australia and 2JKMRC, The University ofQueensland, Indooroopilly, QLD, AustraliaMineral processing operations, in particular flotation, need substantial amountof water to carry out their activities. However, many of these operations are lo-cated in places where water is in short supply or economic developments areputting water supplies under pressure. Using low quality water for flotation isincreasingly common in mineral processing plants around the world which hasimplication on performance of both valuable and gangue minerals. Therefore,understanding the effect of different ions present in water on the various flota-tion sub-processes in both froth and pulp zones is necessary to manage lowquality water. Researchers have shown that copper sulfide minerals, such as,chalcocite and chalcopyrite float well, both in salty water and seawater. On theother hand, there is evidence that flotation of chalcopyrite reduces in the pres-ence of aluminium and iron species in solution. It has also been shown thatmulti-valence ions such as Al3+ and Ca2+ are more influential on froth stabilitythan single valence ions such as Na+. This paper reviews previous work con-ducted in this area and highlights the interactions and implication of using lowquality water in flotation.

9:25 AMThe Effect of Water Quality on Industrial Precious and BaseMetals Flotation

C. Anderson; Colorado School of Mines, Golden, COGlobally, the reuse and recycle of water in mineral processing has increased.This can complicate the grade and recovery of metals in concentrates. Thispaper will elucidate two industrial case studies on the effect of water quality onthe flotation recovery of precious and base metals. Optimization outcomes andpertinent effects will be elucidated and where applicable, pertinent economicswill be presented.

COAL & ENERGY:Dust Control

9:00 AM • Wednesday, February 26Chairs: J. Colinet, NIOSH, Pittsburgh, PA

J. Rider, NIOSH, Pittsburgh, PA

9:00 AMIntroductions

9:05 AMMyths and Facts Concerning Dust, Air and Belt Conveyors

D. Marshall; Martin Engineering, Neponset, ILRegulations have created the need for effectively controlling airborne coal dust.A basic understanding of the behavior of dust and air within a conveyor transferpoint is vital to the control of dust in a bulk material transportation system. Thispresentation addresses many of the current misconceptions regarding airbornedust and the airflows associated with it. It also presents a systematic methodol-ogy for computing the dust collection needs. This presentation will address indetail the nature of airborne dust. It will address the relationship between dustair velocity and airflow. The presentation will discuss the creation of airflow in-side a conveyor transfer point and the sources of air within a transfer point.Finally it will discuss small changes the user can make to a transfer point to in-crease the effectiveness of dust control measures. At the conclusion of this pres-entation, the listener will have a better understanding of the behavior of dust ina conveyor transfer point and of measures to control that dust.

This is the Technical Program as of September 15, 2013. IT IS SUBJECT TO CHANGE. Please see the Onsite Program for final details.

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TECHNICAL PROGRAM9:25 AMDust Control in the Goaf for Longwall Caving Operations

J. Swanson, K. Hoffmann, E. Clausen and O. Langefeld; Institute ofMining, Clausthal University of Technology, Clausthal-Zellerfeld, ermanyThe dust sources associated with longwall mining have been well documentedwith the exception of those originating in the goaf during caving operations. Thisdust is transported by leakage ventilation in the goaf and more importantly byinduced air flow during caving. In order to better understand the transport ofdust through this caved rock mass, as well as the implementation of dust controlsprays in the shield supports, a simulated goaf was installed in a wind tunnelthrough which dust was introduced and various spray nozzle applications weretested. While the cavities in the goaf and the associated inhibited air flow pre-vent a significant amount of dust from passing through, the selection and posi-tioning of spray nozzles has a determining effect of the remaining airborne dust.The results show that with the correct placement of nozzles producing smallerdroplets, the distribution of water droplets is improved and more free surfacesin the goaf are wetted causing a larger portion of the airborne dust to adhere tothe rock and subsequently have less dust being pushed into the longwall operational area.

9:45 AMComparison of Coal Dust Regulations and Their OperationalImplementation in Germany and the U.S

E. Clausen and J. Swanson; Institute of Mining, Clausthal University ofTechnology, Clausthal-Zellerfeld, GermanyThe continuous updating of regulations for coal dust in mining worldwide hasthe goal of reducing lung disease in coal workers and improving mine healthand safety. It is therefore important to examine the regulations and their oper-ational implementation in countries with longstanding and successful pro-grams in this field. The development of the current regulations in the UnitedStates and Germany will be discussed, while also examining how differentlythese regulations are dealt with on an operational and inspection level. Thegoal is to be able to learn from international successes in dealing with coalworker’s health and safety.

10:05 AMContinuous Mining Dust Levels in 20-foot Cuts With and Withouta Scrubber Operating

J. Colinet, W. Reed and J. Potts; NIOSH, Pittsburgh, PAFlooded-bed scrubbers on continuous miners have been shown to be an effectivedust control technology, traditionally used during the extraction of extended cutsof up to 40 feet. The goal of this research was to compare dust levels generated in20-foot cuts when using extended curtain setbacks with a scrubber operating todust levels in 20-foot cuts when using traditional exhaust face ventilation withouta scrubber operating. Dust surveys were completed at three mines with area andpersonal sampling conducted to quantify respirable dust concentrations on a cut-by-cut basis. Sampling results did not show a statistically significant difference atthe continuous miner or shuttle car locations with and without the scrubber op-erating. However, with the scrubber operating, respirable dust concentrations inthe return airstream downwind of the miner showed reductions of 91%, 86%,and 40% at Mines A, B, and C, respectively. The reductions at Mines A and B werestatistically significant. Likewise, reductions in respirable quartz dust levels inthe miner return were observed at all three mines, with statistically significantreductions of over 80% observed at Mines A and B.

10:25 AMExamination of Redirected Continuous Miner ScrubberDischarge Configurations for Exhaust Face Ventilation Systems

J. Organiscak and T. Beck; NIOSH, Pittsburgh, PAThe National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH) Office of MineSafety and Health Research (OMSHR) has recently studied several redirectedscrubber discharge configurations in its full-scale continuous miner gallery forboth dust and gas control when using an exhaust face ventilation system. Dustand gas measurements around the continuous mining machine in the laboratoryshowed that the conventional scrubber discharge directed outby the face with a40-ft exhaust curtain setback appeared to be one of the better configurations forcontrolling both dust and gas. Redirecting all the air towards the face equally upboth sides of the machine increased both the dust and gas concentrationsaround the machine. When all the air was redirected towards the face on the off-curtain side of the machine, gas accumulations tended to be reduced at the face

at the expense of increased dust levels in the return and on the curtain side ofthe mining machine. Two field studies showed some similarities to the labora-tory findings, with elevated dust levels at the rear corners of the continuousminer when all the scrubber exhaust was redirected towards the face.

10:45 AMUsing Node Analysis Modeling Techniques to Predict CabFiltration System Performance

J. Organiscak, A. Cecala and J. Noll; NIOSH, Pittsburgh, PAEnclosed cab filtration systems are typically used on mobile mining equipmentto reduce miners’ exposure to airborne dusts and diesel particulates generatedduring mining operations. Various filter configurations can be used within theheating, ventilation, and air conditioning (HVAC) systems of cabs to remove theairborne contaminants. The air cleaning performance of a cab filtration systemis highly dependent on the efficiency of the air filter(s), the number of filtersused, and their placement within the HVAC system. This paper shows how tomathematically model cab filtration system configurations and illustrates amethodology on how to develop other cab filtration system design models. Nodediagrams of several filtration system circuits are illustrated with their mathe-matical models at steady state airflow and concentration conditions. Laboratoryand field data are presented to demonstrate the validity and utility of modelingenclosed cab air cleaning performance. Incorporating multiple filters through-out the HVAC system improves the air cleaning performance and robustness ofthe cab filtration system design.

11:05 AMCase-series Description of Surface Coal Miners with ProgressiveMassive Fibrosis and No Underground Mining Tenure

C. Halldin, E. Storey, E. Petsonk, A. Wolfe and A. Laney; Division ofRespiratory Disease Studies, National Institute for OccupationalSafety and Health, Morgantown, WVThe Federal Mine Safety and Health Act mandates that radiographic screeningfor pneumoconiosis be offered to underground, but not surface coal miners(SCM). Thus, the current prevalence of respiratory disease among SCM is un-known. In 2010 and 2011, NIOSH offered chest radiographs to SCM in 16 states.Inhalation of coal mine dust can cause progressive massive fibrosis (PMF), a se-vere form of pneumoconiosis. PMF was identified in 12 of the 2,328 SCMscreened. Nine SCM with PMF reported no underground mining tenure. Of these,seven worked as a driller or blaster for a majority of their tenure (median 33yrs). NIOSH attempted follow-up phone calls to obtain information on theirwork history. The two SCM who participated in the phone follow-up confirmedthey worked as drillers or worked around drills for all or most of their careerand reported poor dust control practices as recently as 2012. Personal photo-graphs of typical workday exposures, provided by one SCM, showed drillersworking in visible clouds of dust. Poorly implemented dust suppression techniques around drilling operations, as described by these miners, may be responsible for the PMF we observed among surface coal miners.

11:25 AMA Review of Dust Control Techniques for Longwalls

J. Defibaugh; Joy Global, Milwaukee, WIDust control in longwall mining is an important factor in optimizing production.This presentation will provide an overview of current longwall dust controltechniques and the limitations of these techniques to reduce respirable dust lev-els at the operator’s position. Better ways to control respirable dust levels in thefuture will also be reviewed plus the presentation will also discuss the impact offuture regulations for dust control in longwall mines and new technologies fordust control going forward to improve the productivity of longwall mining.

This is the Technical Program as of September 15, 2013. IT IS SUBJECT TO CHANGE. Please see the Onsite Program for final details.

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TECHNICAL PROGRAMCOAL & ENERGY:

Research and Development II9:00 AM • Wednesday, February 26

Chairs: M. Trevits, NIOSH, Pittsburgh, PA H. Dougherty, NIOSH, Pittsburgh, PA

9:00 AMIntroductions

9:05 AMStudy on Correlation of Quantified Coal Rank with Critical Self-heating Temperature

X. Wang and Y. Luo; Mining Engineering, West Virginia University,Morgantown, WVIt is generally known that coal rank is a function of spontaneous combustion. Toestablish this functional relationship to identify self-heating of coal, both coalrank and potential of spontaneous combustion should be quantified respec-tively. Traditionally, the simplified classification of coal rank is determined byASTM D388. However, this ranking system could only serve a qualitative analy-sis. Self-heating temperature (SHT) method is such a method that tends to cor-relate the coal rank with potential of spontaneous combustion. However, thismethod is highly empirical and imposes a large standard deviation. In this paper,a new ranking system for U.S. coals has been developed. It enables the classifica-tion of coal rank quantitatively. Based on SHT testing data on wide range ofranks, the original USBM correlation for prediction of SHT is improved. For facil-itating quantification and establishing the functional relationship of coal rankand self-heating temperature, a computer program is developed. With the assis-tance of the program, the functional relationship can be used intuitively as anengineering tool to evaluate spontaneous combustion of different ranks of coal.

9:25 AMAlternative Medium for Upgrading Coal in the Silicon Metal Market

H. Amini1, R. Honaker1 and D. Patil2; 1Mining Engineering, Universityof Kentucky, Lexington, KY and 2Alden Resources, Corbin, KYThe production of high quality silicon metal requires the use of ultraclean coalcontaining less than 1.5% ash. The magnetite used to clean the coal in a densemedium process is a contaminant that impacts the quality of the silicon metalproduct. As such, research has been conducted to evaluate the potential to sub-stitute magnetite with fine silica-based waste material generated during the sili-con metal production process. Dense medium cyclone tests were performedbased on a parametric design to determine the optimum conditions that maxi-mize organic efficiency and minimize probable error and bypass. The results re-vealed that a clean coal product with less than 1.5% ash can be produced using amedium formed from the silicon metal production waste with an organic efficiency value of around 99% and a probable error value below 0.02.

9:45 AMEstimating Primary Fragment Size Distributions in Block Cave Design

S. Annavarapu; AMEC Mining & Metals, Mesa, AZThe assessment of in situ, primary and secondary fragmentation is an integralpart of the design of block cave mines and influences the layout of excavations atthe extraction level and the selection of material handling systems for transport-ing the ore to the processing stations. Secondary blasting requirements can alsobe estimated based on the fragment size distributions developed for the blockcave. Several approaches have been developed for estimating the primary frag-ment size distribution expected at the drawpoints in block cave mines makinguse of the often limited geotechnical information available from the block to bemined. Calibration of the approaches to field observations, while difficult, needsto be emphasised to ensure that the estimates are reasonably accurate for use inthe design of the block cave. This paper reviews the major methods used for theestimation of primary fragment size distributions for block cave mines and com-pares the estimates using selcted approaches to observed fragmentation in theDOZ Mine.

10:05 AMTechnology Enhanced Learning and Teaching in MiningEngineering in UNSW

C. Daly and F. Rashidi Nejad; School of Mining Engineering, The University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, AustraliaLearning and teaching techniques in high ranked educational institutions havebeen and are rapidly changing. These techniques are in some cases replacingand in other cases supplementing the conventional face-to-face teaching meth-ods, i.e., lecturing; tutoring, etc. Innovative learning and teaching techniqueshave many advantages including being very cost-effective. They have a lot of ca-pabilities as well. These techniques are widely used in Postgraduate andUndergraduate courses at the University of New South Wales and their utiliza-tion is growing rapidly. However, the transition from conventional methods tomodern techniques is challenging. In this paper, Moodle as a state-of-the-artLearning Management System is introduced and its application to undergradu-ate, postgraduate and distance based mining engineering education as well asthe related major challenges are addressed and discussed.

10:25 AMThe Mechanical Characteristics of St. Peter Sandstone in Clayton, Iowa

A. Bagherieh and M. Ge; Missouri S&T, Rolla, MOSt. Peter sandstone is an arenaceous sheet that covers large area in NorthAmerica. The interest for St. Peter sandstone has been increasing due to the up-ward trend for hydrofracturing and the consequent need for fracking sand. Thismaterial is possesses very unique mechanical properties. On the one hand, it isbrittle as characterized by an unusually high friction angle, up to 69°, andsteeply curved failure envelopes. On the other hand, it is friable, possessing ex-tremely low, and in most cases zero cohesion. The underground mines that areworking under this condition are lacking the ground control techniques for thisparticular mining environment. The geotechnical properties of the St. Petersandstone were examined using uniaxial test, triaxial test, porosity test, flexuralstrength test. Previous researchers attributed the strength characteristics of thisto reasons such as postdepositional quartz overgrowths. This paper aims to investigate the effect of microstructure on strength properties, utilizing microscopic studies (optical microscopy, and optical microscopy), index test(porosity, size distribution, and density), XRD and conceptualized modeling.

10:45 AMMeasurements and Characterization of Interaction Forcesbetween Coal Tailings Surfaces in Flocculant Solutions by AtomicForce Microscopy

A. Nguyen2, M. Hampton1, P. Ofori3 and B. Firth4; 1School of ChemicalEngineering, University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia;2School of Chemical Engineering, University of Queensland, Brisbane,QLD, Australia; 3CSIRO Energy Technology, Pullenvale, QLD, Australiaand 4CSIRO Energy Technology, Pullenvale, QLD, AustraliaInteraction forces between tailings particles in flocculant solutions were investi-gated by Atomic Force Microscopy (AFM) to determine the effect of flocculanttype and concentrations on the strength of flocculated aggregates of the coal tail-ings. The AFM colloid probe method was employed. A fine coal tailing particlewas glued to the AFM cantilever. Coal tailings particles were also embedded intoa resin and then polished to produce a flat surface. The forces were determinedby bringing the surfaces to, and separating them from, contact in the flocculantsolutions. Many thousands of force curves were mapped over the flat surfaceand obtained for each of the measurements. The force map data were statistically processed and examined. Averaged snap-off distances statisticallydetermined from AFM force curves were obtained by dividing the area betweenthe force curves and the horizontal axis by the maximum adhesion force. Thisnovel force assessment showed that for each of the tailing samples and flocculants tested there was statistically a maximum snap-off distance, which onaverage would correspond to the optimum flocculant concentration as detectedby flocculation tests.

This is the Technical Program as of September 15, 2013. IT IS SUBJECT TO CHANGE. Please see the Onsite Program for final details.

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TECHNICAL PROGRAMCOAL & ENERGY:

Surface Mining Processes and Practices9:00 AM • Wednesday, February 26

Chairs: V. Kecojevic, West Virginia Univ., Morgantown, WV M. Furniss, PBS Coals, Inc., Friedens, PA

9:00 AMIntroductions

9:05 AMEconomics Analyses Tools

J. Wientjes; Komatsu America Corp., Peoria, ILIn this evolving age of the mining industry where capital and personnel re-sources are diminishing, more and more companies are incorporating detailedTotal Cost of Ownership (TCO) analyses as a key component in the equipmentacquisition process. Throughout recent years, the Komatsu Mining Division hasdeveloped multiple tools to aid in performing and interpreting TCO studies. Onesuch tool incorporates time value of money principles along with comprehen-sive equipment performance information to perform standard TCO analyseswhile also offering the ability to evaluate the proper time to replace equipment.A key feature of this program is a unique sensitivity analysis capability that of-fers unrestricted flexibility when evaluating equipment performance parame-ters that impact TCO values. This presentation will introduce this economicanalysis tool and its major design principles. An overview of these principles willgive the attendee an understanding of the key functions and capabilities of theprogram. In addition, an industry case study will be reviewed to further illustrate the key utilization procedures, data input requirements, and outputanalysis process.

9:25 AMInvestigation of Haul Truck-Related Fatal Accidents in SurfaceCoal Mining in West Virginia

M. Zhang1, V. Kecojevic1 and D. Komljenovic2; 1West Virginia Univ.,Morgantown, WV and 2Hydro Quebec, Varennes, QC, CanadaThe number of fatal accidents involving trucks is higher when compared to allother mining equipment. The Mine Safety and Health Administration (MSHA) re-ports that 141 fatalities were haul truck- related in the United States between1995 and 2011. A total of 12 accidents, including 13 fatalities, were recorded insurface coal mining operations in West Virginia (WV) during this period. The ob-jective of this study was to better understand the root causes of accidents in WV.The Fault Tree Analysis (FTA) technique was used to systematically analyzethese accidents. Results of the study indicate that inadequate or improper pre-operational check and poor maintenance of trucks were the two most commonroot causes of these accidents. A total of eight accidents occurred on haul roads,while 10 accidents occurred while the trucks were moving forward. The twomost violated provisions of Code of Federal Regulations were 30 CFR§77.404 -Machinery and equipment; operation and maintenance (six times), and 30CFR§77.1606 - Loading and haulage equipment; inspection and maintenance(five times).

9:45 AMDome Storage – Coal Quality Management Model

M. Badani1, V. Kecojevic1 and D. Bogunovic2; 1West Virginia Univ.,Morgantown, WV and 2North American Coal Corporation – LibertyMine, Bailey, MSCoal quality is fundamental information needed for reliable power plant per-formance. It is also one of the key performance indicators for a coal mine. Thecoal quality management model (DS-CQMM) presented in this paper is used tomanage quality of the coal stored inside a dome. The DS-CQMM is a hybrid solu-tion that uses multiple, real-time, data sources. Mathematical modeling wasused to merge data from PGNAA analyzers with PLC encoders providing relativeposition and quality of coal stored in the dome.

10:05 AMModern Fuel Supply Chain Cleanliness Management

C. Bauer; SLS, Pall Corporation, Port Washington, NYModern mine sites typically consume over 200 million liters of diesel fuel peryear. Diesel fuel delivered to site could contain as much as 20 mg/L solid

contaminants, as well as water, depending on the mode of transport. On theother hand, vehicle on-board fuel filters and water separators are not designedto tolerate high particulate and water contamination levels without significantimpact on service life; most engine manufacturers have therefore issued specificfuel cleanliness requirements, particularly for engines with common rail fuel injection systems. As a result, contamination control throughout the entire fuelsupply chain is critical. In this work, the author discusses case studies highlighting best practices in modern fuel supply chain cleanliness management.

10:25 AMFatigue Life Expectancy of Cable Shovel Dipper

M. Raza; Mining Engineering, Missouri S&T, Rolla, MOCable shovels are used as the primary excavators in many surface mining opera-tions. Today’s shovels have capacities of scooping more than 100 tons of mate-rial in a single pass. This increase in loading capacities results in increasedstress loading of shovel components. Cracks initiate on dipper and teeth assem-bly, and on other front-end components, due to this stress loading. These crackscan propagate to catastrophic failure lengths if left unattended. The mainte-nance approach used to handle these fatigue cracks generally relies on experi-ence rather science. Crack propagation primarily depends on operating environ-ment and material properties of the dipper. This research models thepropagation of various sized cracks at the highly stressed regions of cable shoveldipper and teeth. The fatigue behavior is modeled in ANSYS WORKBENCH soft-ware and the fatigue-life for different crack lengths, at the critical parts of thedipper, is estimated for dipper and teeth. The research is important for betterhealth and longevity of cable shovels.

10:45 AMA Method to Identify the Key Causes of Differences in EnergyEfficiency of Operations

M. Abdi Oskouei1 and K. Awuah-Offei2; 1University of Iowa, Iowa City,IA and 2Missouri University of Science & Techniology, Rolla, MODraglines are dominant machines and the most electricity consumers in surfacecoal mines. With the growing price of energy, environmental concerns, and thehigh sensitivity of mine profitability to dragline productivity, any improvementin efficiency of draglines can be beneficial for mines. Research has shown thatoperator skills have a significant impact on energy efficiency of loading ma-chines. This study suggests a method to identify the key parameters that lead todifferences in operator energy efficiency (responsible parameters). First, corre-lation analysis is used to identify parameters that are correlated to energy effi-ciency. Second, linear regression of a difference matrix is used to determine re-sponsible parameters. Since this method is based on pair-wise comparison ofoperators, equal number of cycle is required for pairs of operators. CompleteCase Analysis (CCA) is used to handle missing data problems. The final conclu-sion is made after removing the effect of random sampling and by consideringall pairs of operators. Identifying responsible parameters can improve operatortraining programs. The suggested method is illustrated with a case study usingfield data.

COAL & ENERGY:Underground Mining Innovations

9:00 AM • Wednesday, February 26Chair: J. Kvitkovich, JT Boyd Company, Canonsburg, PA

9:00 AMIntroductions

9:05 AMA Room and Pillar Panel Design Method to Avoid SurfaceSubsidence

Y. Luo; Dept. of Mining Engineering, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WVThe intention of use room and pillar (R&P) mining method without pillar extrac-tion often is to avoid surface subsidence. However, surface subsidence events dostill occasionally occur over such mines. In rare cases, cascading pillar failurecan even occur causing interruption to mining operation and abrupt surfacesubsidence. A new R&P panel system design method based on pressure archconcept is proposed. The pillars within the production panel are designed toonly carry the partial overburden load under the pressure arch. The larger

This is the Technical Program as of September 15, 2013. IT IS SUBJECT TO CHANGE. Please see the Onsite Program for final details.

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TECHNICAL PROGRAMbarrier pillar between the adjacent production panels is designed to withstandextreme load condition when the pillars in the production adjacent panels failcompletely. The design is optimized so that a high overall recovery of coal re-serve from such an R&P panel system can be achieved. The possibility for pillarsin the production panel to fail is minimized and the effects of remotely possiblecascading pillar failure in the production panel can be contained by the barrierpillars. Most importantly, the possibility for immediate and future surface subsi-dence can be greatly reduced.

9:25 AM3D Visualization Borehole Probing Data to Represent GroundConditions Around the Underground Working

A. Naeimipour1, C. Dogruoz2 and J. Rostami1; 1Energy and Mineral Engineering, Pennsylvania State University, State College, PA and2Mining Engineering, Dumlupinar University, Kutahya, TurkeyTo optimize the design of ground support for underground working, it is essen-tial to have a good understanding of the surrounding ground conditions. PennState University in collaboration with J. H. Fletcher & Co is working on improve-ment of an existing instrumented roofbolter for higher accuracy in void detec-tion and estimation of rock mass strength along the boreholes. The collected in-formation is from separate boreholes and needs to be integrated to demonstratethe various formations and structural features between boreholes. For this pur-pose, the GEMS™ software developed by DASSAULT SYSTEMES GEOVIA INC. isused to develop a 3D model of the roof for a room and pillar panel based on theinformation on ground characterization from roofbolter drilling logs. The modelcan show variation in rock types and beddings and shear zones along a particu-lar borehole as well as the rock mass rating and conditions in the area above theroof. This paper discusses the visualization of the geotechnical information suchas CMRR and RQD from each borehole in the context of evaluating the rock massaround mine working for ground support design purposes.

9:45 AMNPV Optimization of Combined Open Pit and Underground at theTurquoise Ridge Mine

D. Blamires and M. Cadrin; Technical Services, Barrick Gold, Salt Lake City, UTTraditionally, when a deposit is evaluated for combined open pit (OP) and un-derground (UG) operations multiple scenarios are created for each mining type.Financial calculations are created for each scenario and the scenario with thebest NPV is selected. Often the UG and OP become two separate operating minesmining adjacent ore bodies and interaction between the two is limited and diffi-cult to maintain. The authors explore the practice of incorporating the NPV ofeach mining method into the block model and allowing both mining methods tocompete for the entire resource. The time value of money is then utilized to se-lect which blocks will be mined by the OP and which blocks will be mined by theUG to optimize the entire asset value. While this is an iterative process it quicklycomes to a point that shows the most economic pit limit and the most economicstopes to mine UG. Thus allowing the UG and OP to continuously review thesame ore body and select the mine plans that will bring the greatest value to theoperation as a whole. This method is applied to the Turquoise Ridge Project in Nevada.

10:05 AMDesigning Innovative Mining Methods in Difficult Conditions

S. Annavarapu and J. Sexauer; AMEC Mining & Metals, Mesa, AZWhile standard mining methods such as sub-level stoping and cut-and-fill stop-ing are generally evalauted for mining an orebody, the use of innovative meth-ods like Alimak Mining and the Avoca method is often overlooked duing theevaluation phase. These methods are often more cost effective and applicablefor especially when the orebody geometry and ground conditions are not partic-ularly favorable for standard mining methods. The Alimak mining method ismost suitable for mining of moderately to steeply dipping tabular narrow veinore bodies. The Avoca method of cut-and-fill mining helps separate the cut cyclefrom the fill cycle with access from both sides of the cut-and-fill stopes. Thispaper compares the direct operating costs for mining two hypothetical oreboiesusing standard mining methods and the Alimak and Avoca mining methods toassess the usability of these methods during the standard mining method evaluation stage.

10:25 AMNumerical Analysis and Field Study of Ground Control Stabilityin Setup Rooms and Gate Roads in Longwall Mining

B. Abbasi, Y. Chugh and H. Gurley; Southern Illinois University, Carbondale, ILIn response to the increasing number of operating longwall panels in Illinois andsubsequent ground control problems associated with longwall mining methodsthis paper sought to: 1) Identifying mechanisms of instability in the set-uprooms (SR) and T-junctions, and 2) Implementing alternate 3-entry and 4-entryset-up rooms geometries. This was done to alleviate ground control problems(roof falls, rib sloughing, floor heave, etc.) and safety issues within set-up rooms(SR) layout and around the T-junctions of SR. 3-D numerical models usingFLAC3D software were developed of the SR area and the adjoining gate and taildevelopment areas. Calibrated ubiquitous joints materials were used for simu-lating effect of rock anisotropic on the opening stability. The numerical modelswere validated using field measurements of the current mining geometry.Analyses were then made of the linear and non-linear behavior of coal pillarsand immediate mine roof and intersections of alternate geometries within theSR area. The developed alternate geometries were implemented by the coalcompany with acceptance by the regulatory agencies.

10:45 AMThe Untapped Value and Ease of Utilizing Gas Chromatographyto Enhance Mine Safety and Operations

S. Abbott, R. Taylor and S. Dagit; PHOENIX First Response, Glassport, PAGas chromatography offers one of the most powerful, economical, and underuti-lized scientific tools to enhance mining operations, from daily operations toemergency management. Common misperceptions of gas chromatographs, or“GCs” include that they are: 1. Only of value in special cases (fires, rescue, etc.); 2.“Fancy methanometers” on par with handheld gas monitors; 3. Simple, com-puter-like machines that anyone can operate to obtain accurate gas results.These beliefs are widely held, but little data had been previously compiled thatillustrate the substantial safety, operational and financial benefits of routinelyutilizing GC analysis in addition to handheld gas detectors. This paper providescomparison of measurements from GCs to parallel data from handheld units, ex-plaining why results vary for an identical sample between the two instrumentsand how these differences can critically impact safety and production decisions.This study will also describe situations that show the value and ease in using GCmeasurements in routine mine operations to completely avoid or quickly mitigate gas-related problems and their extremely high associated costs.

ENVIRONMENTAL:Metal Bioavailability and Fate

in Mining Environments9:00 AM • Wednesday, February 26

Chairs: M. Velleux, HDR HydroQual, Mahwah, NJ P. Paquin, HDR HydroQual, Mahwah, NJ

9:00 AMIntroductions

9:05 AMEnvironmental Risk Assessment and Data Collection in theReceiving Environment of Operating Uranium Mines in Northern Saskatchewan

S. Fernandes1, B. Halbert1, D. Huffman2, A. Rosaasen2, K. England3, B. Balicki3 and D. Chambers1; 1ARCADIS SENES Canada Inc., Richmond Hill, ON, Canada; 2AREVA Resources Canada Inc., Saskatoon, SK, Canada and 3Cameco Corporation, Saskatoon, SK, CanadaUranium mining and milling in the Athabasca Basin of northern Saskatchewanin Canada has been ongoing since the 1970’s. Environmental risk assessmentshave been conducted in support of the assessment of potential impacts. Resultsof the assessment indicate that, in the downstream environment, radionuclideconcentrations are generally not a concern and the focus has been on the levelsof metals including uranium, arsenic, molybdenum and selenium. Significant effort has been investigated in obtaining site-specific chemistry for fish

This is the Technical Program as of September 15, 2013. IT IS SUBJECT TO CHANGE. Please see the Onsite Program for final details.

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TECHNICAL PROGRAM(several different species), benthic invertebrates and aquatic plants. Data hasalso been collected to enhance the understanding of the fate within the receivingenvironment, such as sequential extraction to determine the availability of metals in sediment. All of this information is used in predictive modelling for assessing the potential environmental effects of changes in the facility (futureprocess changes, expansions or decommissioning). Periodic updates of risk assessments are used to inform and modify environmental monitoring plans,continuous improvement initiatives, and identify needs for adaptive management.

9:25 AMEstimation and Use of the Bioaccessibility of Metals in Tailingsand Overburden at a Mine Site, Mojave Desert

M. Shibata; ERM, Inc, Sacramento, CARisk assessments commonly assume that the bioavailability of all constituents ofpotential concern is 100 percent. In vitro physiologically based extraction tests(PBETs) have been designed to mimic conditions in the mammalian gastroin-testinal tract to assess the mobilization and provide a reasonable approximationof the bioaccessibility of metals from soil during the digestion process. The ob-jective of the present study was to provide site-specific information to evaluatethe percent bioavailability of selected metals in mine tailings and overburdenthat may be ingested by receptors of concern. The results of the PBET study in-dicate that the study data were of good quality, with consistent bioaccessibilityvalues between duplicate samples for each of the selected metals. Results of thePBET test were incorporated into the risk assessment conducted for the site. An evaluation of the effects and uncertainties associated with site-specific bioaccessibility on the characterization of risk was performed.

9:45 AMProtectiveness of Copper Aquatic Life Criteria/GuidelinesAgainst Olfactory Impairment in Fish: An InternationalComparison

D. DeForest1, J. Meyer2, R. Gensemer3, J. Gorsuch4 and W. Adams5;1Windward Environmental, Seattle, WA; 2ARCADIS U.S., Lakewood,CO; 3GEI Consultants, Denver, CO; 4Copper Development Association,Webster, NY and 5Rio Tinto, Lake Point, UTSeveral laboratory studies have demonstrated that short-term exposures to lowCu concentrations can cause olfactory and behavioral effects in Pacific salmonand trout, which may be indicative of adverse effects on olfactory-mediated be-haviors in the field (e.g., ability to avoid predators). Concerns have been ex-pressed that current water quality criteria for Cu are not protective against ol-factory impairment. Importantly, such concerns are founded on simplecomparisons that do not properly account for how water chemistry influencesthe bioavailability of Cu. We have previously demonstrated that the USEPA’s bi-otic ligand model (BLM)-based aquatic life criteria for Cu are protective againstolfactory impairment over a wide range of fresh waters. Concerns related to Cu-induced olfactory impairment have expanded from the U.S. Pacific Northwest toCanada and Europe. We further evaluated the influence of Cu on olfactory im-pairment in additional fish species by critically reviewing recently publishedstudies and evaluated whether Cu criteria from states and other countries/juris-dictions (e.g., Canada and its provinces, European Union), are protective againstolfactory impairment.

10:05 AMTICKET-UWM: An Environmental Impact Assessment Tool for Metals

R. Bubnyte1, K. Rader2, R. Carbonaro2 and K. Farley3; 1HDR|Hydro-Qual, Mahwah, NJ; 2Mutch Associates, LLC, Ramsey, NJ and 3Civil andEnvironmental Engineering, Manhattan College, Riverdale, NYNumerical models can provide insight into metal behavior in the environmentand can assist in the development of permits, facility plans and operating condi-tions. A screening-level model for metals, TICKET-UWM, has been developed toevaluate the potential environmental impact of metal release to surface waters.Through simulation of metal transport processes (settling/diffusion), fateprocesses (precipitation/burial), and biological interactions, this tool providesinformation on 1) the amount of metal that is available to cause a toxic effect(i.e., bioavailability) and 2) the persistence of the bioavailable form in the watercolumn. These two factors could potentially mean the difference between get-ting a permit or violating a discharge limit. The utility of the TICKET-UWM liesnot only its ability to consider the myriad of physical and chemical processes re-quired to perform even a screening-level metal assessment, but in its ability todo so through a user-friendly interface. Results from a case study involving LakeCoeur d’Alene in Idaho are provided to illustrate the application of TICKET-UWM to a system receiving mining-related metal inputs.

10:25 AMUse of Site-Specific Ecological Risk Assessment to SupportSelenium Management at a Mine Site

D. DeForest1, S. Sloan-Evans1, M. Luxon1, L. Matwie2, C. Blurton2

and M. Symbaluk2; 1Windward Environmental, Seattle, WA and 2Teck Coal Ltd, Hinton, AB, CanadaTools have been developed to model site-specific bioavailability of metals toaquatic organisms, particularly for divalent metals (e.g., copper, lead, zinc)where the critical exposure pathway is via water. However, no such tools exist tomodel bioavailability of selenium, which has a complex biogeochemistry andwhere diet is a critical pathway. Further, the most sensitive endpoints are effectson fish larvae and bird embryos via maternal selenium transfer. Empirical toxic-ity tests reflecting site conditions are difficult; use of site-specific bioaccumula-tion data is a better approach. We present a case study of how site-specific sele-nium bioaccumulation data at a mine site, reflecting site-specific bioavailability,are being used to evaluate selenium-related risk to fish and birds and prioritizeselenium management.

10:45 AMCombining Molecular-scale Speciation with in Vitro Bio-assays toInterrogate the Bioaccessibility of Arsenic in Mine Tailings

R. Root, N. Menka, R. Maier and J. Chorover; Soil, Water & Environ-mental Science, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZThe tailings pile at the Iron King Mine and Humboldt Smelter Superfund Site hasa very detailed geochemical characterization and the site is heavily instru-mented with weather, wind and dust samplers, making it an ideal case study forinvestigating the arsenic toxicity of airborne particulates originating in an arid-mine tailings site. Collected surface particles, tailings, and efflorescent salts weresieved and reacted in vitro with synthetic lung and gastric bio-fluids under con-ditions designed to model those occurring in vivo. Pre- and post-extraction solidparticles were analyzed by synchrotron x-ray spectroscopy for arsenic specia-tion. The aqueous extracts from the bioassays showed that the fraction of metalsreleased to solution varied by particulate and bio-fluid type, suggesting implica-tions for exposure risk. Our research aims to bridge the disciplines of environ-mental science and molecular toxicology to enable a molecular-level under-standing of exposure assessment by unambiguously linking the molecularspeciation of arsenic in dust to its toxicity risk. We hope these results will informthe relationship between arsenic speciation and bioavailability to humans.

ENVIRONMENTAL:Sustainable and Responsible Use of Water

Resources in the Mining Industry I9:00 AM • Wednesday, February 26

Chairs: B. Gunn, URS Corp., Denver, CO M. Jarvie Eggart, Barr, Marquette, MI

9:00 AMIntroductions

9:05 AMWater Management in Mining Operations and Potential Toolsand Strategies to Address Those Challenges

F. Mielli1 and R. Marril2; 1Industry, Schneider Electric, Alpharetta, GAand 2Industry, Schneider Electric, Denver, COWater has always been crucial for the mining industry and its importance is in-creasing exponentially.As volume reference, according to U.S. Geological Survey,an estimated 4,020 million gallons per day was required for mining purposes(2005). This amount represents 1% of the total industry water usage. Watermanagement, usage and quality control can be quite complex to deliver a properwater mine strategy, including correct predictions. Any water strategy shouldaccount for consideration of the sources (ground water, surface water, publicsupply), complete water usage (process control, dust control, recycling, potablewater) and external factor patterns (hydrologic environment, evaporation, precipitation, snow melting) The objective of this paper is to understand thewater management challenges inside a mine operation and potential tools to address them.

This is the Technical Program as of September 15, 2013. IT IS SUBJECT TO CHANGE. Please see the Onsite Program for final details.

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TECHNICAL PROGRAM9:25 AMReducing Hydric Footprint as a Key Strategy to Reduce CAPEXand OPEX in Water Treatment

O. Tovar and M. Elgegren; ARCADIS, Lima, PeruWater cost was commonly calculated as the cost for obtaining fresh water, butnow, due to more demanding environmental regulations, this scope is changingas calculating the overall process cost of a) getting fresh water from environ-ment, b) using and reusing water in the process, c) selecting the right strate-gies/processes for treating effluents prior its disposal to environment. In thistechnical document, it is shown a general methodology to determine whether toreduce fresh water consumption or increase effluent’s treatment budget inorder to reduce the overall cost of water in the process by i) identifying allsources/inputs of water to the system, ii) identifying and reducing contami-nant’s sources inside the operation, iii) recirculating/reusing as much as economically possible, iv) selecting a sustainable and reliable method to treat effluents prior its disposal. As a corollary of this methodology it will be shownthe cost effect of environmental regulations in the Peruvian case.

9:45 AMMining and Water; Issues, Interactions, and the Life-cycles

D. Bieber; Resources, HDR Engineering, Inc., Denver, COSustainable and responsible water use are key factors in mine sustainability.Water issues include quantity, quality, and location. Water issues have to belooked at in both the technical, and the social, political, and regulatory context inwhich the mine operates. Water management strategies generally work best ifthey are designed with a view to the mine life-cycle, the water life cycle, and howthat fits into the larger mine environment. Presented is an overview of the waterissues affecting the coal, aggregate and metals mining sectors, and focuses onthe commonality of problems and the diversity of approaches that span thesesectors. Issues are discussed in a “life of mine” perspective emphasizing costmanagement tied to maintainability and acceptability. Specific examples arepresented to illustrate means for addressing the issues and interactions withinthe life-cycle dynamic. Ultimately, these approaches demonstrate that simple isusually less costly, more easily accepted by the outside community, and is moresustainable.

10:05 AMReuse of Water in the Mining Industry: Feasible or Fantasy?

A. Umble; Consulting, Denver, COWater is becoming the prominent environmental sustainability issue within theglobal mining industry. Global demand for water is expected to outpace supplyby 40% by 2030. Though mining is not the largest water user, the mining indus-try’s global footprint makes it one of the most scrutinized users. Consequently,the competition for available water resources is now more intense than ever. Allthis has created the necessity for mining companies to center on its “social li-cense to operate” rather than on a regulatory permit. The environmental sus-tainability life cycle for a mine is now taking center stage in the framework oflong term viability of individual mine sites. The “reduce, reuse and recycle” prac-tice for water management is today’s response to water management chal-lenges. This presentation outlines opportunities of water reuse within mine op-erations using integrated technology approaches. Though water balances areimportant, the site’s salt balances also play an equally crucial role. The thoroughunderstanding of water and salt fluxes throughout the processes and operationsresults in successful technology strategies for managing water in process andreuse applications.

10:25 AMUncertainty in PMP and Recurrence Interval-Based DesignStorm Estimates from Sparse Data

G. Bosley, P. Kowalewski and M. Dowell; Tierra Group International, Ltd., Salt Lake City, UTDam safety and pollution control considerations require large, infrequent pre-cipitation events (50-year up to Probable Maximum Precipitation (PMP)) in tail-ings storage facility design. New, remote sites in particular lack data for such rel-atively rare events. Designers often use regional data, attempt to correlate it tothe site over short concurrent records, and correct for orographic factors.Designers adapt U.S. methods or use statistical methods such as Hershfield’s forthe PMP. Bias, error, and uncertainty associated with such estimates is seldomestimated or reported. With tropical, desert, and mountain site data we investi-gate common methods for estimating the PMP and other rare events from lim-ited data. Sites were selected for long, concurrent records of local and regionaldata or relatively dense gage networks; enabling a comparison of results

generated from nearby datasets and sampling shorter periods of record, emulating the results that would be obtained had the total record been shorteror obtained outside the project area. Statistically-derived PMP estimates for U.S.sites are compared to estimates obtained using standard published NationalWeather Service methods.

ENVIRONMENTAL:Uranium Session – The Other Yellow Cake

9:00 AM • Wednesday, February 26Chairs: V. McLemore, New Mexico Bureau of Geology,

New Mexico Tech, Socorro, NM G. Robinson, R Squared, Inc., Sedalia, CO

9:00 AMIntroductions

9:05 AMVanadium: The New “Green” Metal and Mineral Deposits in theColorado Plateau

A. Hammond; Hammond Swayne LLC, San MAnuel, AZThe need for clean and renewable sources of energy is generating increased in-terest in vanadium due to the recent development of the vanadium flow batter-ies, and its utilization in the storage of energy produced by green sources such aswind and solar. One of the major problems of renewable energy sources is its in-herent intermittent supply. The vanadium flow batteries allow the intermittentenergy supplies to be stored and regulated into what the electricity industryrefers to as “dispatchable energy” which enables the grid to balance the amountof energy and provide a continuous flow to consumers. Currently, there is nomine production of vanadium in the United States and no government stockpilesof this metal or any of its chemical derivations. This paper describes the tradi-tional and new uses of vanadium, explains the principles of the vanadium flowbattery, list sources and production of the metal, provides statistical data onvanadium and identifies the known vanadium deposits in three districts of theColorado Plateau, provides a brief history, geology, mineralogy, mining activitiesand past production

9:25 AMInnovations in ISR Uranium Development

J. Viellenave; AUC LLC, Lakewood, COThe changing environment for ISR uranium projects challenges both traditionaland evolving methods of permitting and operations. AUC developed innovationsfor its Reno Creek Project in at least three aspects of its program, including elec-tronic application and interactions with regulators; development of restorationtarget values; and water use and wastewater minimization.

9:45 AMEstimates of the Withdrawn Endowment of the Arizona StripUranium District, Northern Arizona

E. Spiering1 and P. Hillard2; 1Quaterra Resources, Vancouver, BC,Canada and 2Quaterra Alaska Inc., Kanab, UTIn January 2012, the DOI withdrew from mineral entry one million acres of theArizona Strip uranium district for 20 years. In April, Quaterra filed a lawsuit inDistrict Court alleging that the Secretary did not address scientific controversiesrelated to the withdrawal. The most significant was the size of the endowment.The EIS used the paucity of published estimates to reduce a potential resource ofworld class importance to insignificance. This presentation will present two ura-nium endowment estimates to provide lawmakers an understanding what theUS has lost through the Secretary’s action.

10:05 AMBlack Range Minerals Hansen Project Update

R. Grebb; Black Range Minerals, Golden, COBlack Range Minerals Taylor Ranch/Hansen project is located in south-centralColorado northwest of Canon City. The project area hosts JORC compliant 90.9million pounds of U308. Of these 90.9 million pounds, the Hansen deposit hosts39.4 million pounds of U3O8. Black Range Minerals envisions mining the Hansendeposit using low cost and low environmental impact technologies. These

This is the Technical Program as of September 15, 2013. IT IS SUBJECT TO CHANGE. Please see the Onsite Program for final details.

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TECHNICAL PROGRAMtechnologies include Underground Bore Hole Mining (UBHM) coupled withAblation. This presentation will describe the project area, the development ofUBHM and Ablation technologies, and update the current status of mine planning and permitting.

10:25 AMLost Creek - Eight Years in the Making

W. Heili; Ur-Energy, Casper, WYIn the summer of 2012, Ur-Energy initiated production operations at the LostCreek ISR project in Wyoming. Lost Creek is the company’s flagship project andfirst production marked the successful conclusion of eight years of development,regulatory and construction activities. This presentation will provide a look atwhat it took for a Junior Mining Company to take a uranium recovery projectfrom conception to production in today’s challenging financial and regulatoryenvironment.

10:45 AMSection 106 and Uranium ISR Mining

M. Thomas; Uranerz Energy Corporation, Casper, WYAs part of the process of receiving approval from the Nuclear RegulatoryCommission (NRC) or any other federal agency, an applicant must go throughthe Section 106 process of the National Historic Preservation Act (NHPA). Overthe past few years, the Section 106 process for uranium in situ recovery (ISR)mines has resulted in delays in receiving license approval for many applicants.The process itself is largely undefined, conducted differently from agency toagency, and is ever changing. This uncertainty has lead to frustration from all in-volved in the process. Although the process is developing, there are still manyitems that must be addressed. Who to consult, timeliness of the process, andwhen to end are major parts of this process that must be addressed. A look at thecase history of one uranium ISR mine that has went through the Section 106process from two different federal agencies will demonstrate the short comingsof this process, but will hopefully present potential solutions in making theSection 106 process something that is more efficient and effective.

INDUSTRIAL MINERALS & AGGREGATES:Aggregates Processing

9:00 AM • Wednesday, February 26Chairs: S. Kossl, Telsmith, Mequon, WA

G. Dumont, Aggregates at Dolese Brothers Co., Oklahoma City, OK

9:00 AMIntroductions

9:05 AMModular Concept and Installation

S. Kossl; Telsmith Inc., Mequon, WIModular plant concept feturing benifits, cost analysis, and complete installationcosts.

9:25 AMNew Approach to Fine Solids Dewatering

B. Christensen and C. Lowe; Comminution Division, Weir Minerals,Gallatin, TNWeir has developed a new approach for fines solids dewatering. The processuses standard equipment and flow sheets, but applies this approach to materialspreviously thought to be too fine. It can be applied to range of materials, makinglower moisture products that can be re-used elsewhere. It has been tested suc-cessfully on various slurries. The principal factors affecting the solids recoveryare, % solids and particle size of the feed. The key factors affecting the % solidsin the dewatered product are, the particle size of the product, the height of thedischarge lip, and the angle of the dewatering screen. Eight plants have beensold to a range of customers. Australia has a plant rated at 30 t/h for sand fines,and has recently completed test work on tailings for a plant rated at 135 t/h.Additional tests are under way to demonstrate the process capabilities. The ad-vantages of Weir’s process include; use of proven equipment, lower moisture,

lower costs, reduced power usage, and a compact footprint. The modular designcan be used in parallel or series. There is efficient water recovery and management, which adds advantages to the process.

9:45 AMScreen Media in the Aggregate Industry

J. McGee; Polydeck Screen Corporation, Spartanburg, SCPresentation focused on the types of screen media used in the aggregate indus-try today. Illustrate the use of the different types used today, and in the past, inthe aggregates and mining industries. Focus on their advantages, disadvantages,and differing applications. Discuss factors such as cost, open area, wear life,plugging, blinding, safety, waste, noise, and surface features. Also compare openarea to effective open area.

10:05 AMDewatering with Hydro Cyclones

A. Bennetts; Application, Weir Minerals Linatex, Gallatin, TNHydro cyclones have traditionally have been used for classification of variousmaterials, but they can also be used to produce a thick, dewatered under flow.Dewatering via cyclones can be accomplished by using two different ap-proaches. The first approach uses a traditional hydro cyclone with key parame-ters altered to achieve the desired under flow percent solids. This method can beused for dam building, with the coarse under flow being used to help form theretaining wall. Sometimes called a separator, the second approach modifies theperformance of the traditional cyclone. These modifications allow the cyclone toperform a predictable classification, while producing a stackable material. Bothapproaches will be covered in this paper with a review of the advantages anddisadvantages of both methods.

10:25 AMEfficiency Improvement Process for Aggregate and IndustrialMineral Processing Plants

M. Rotz1 and J. Hutwelker2; 1EarthRes Group, Inc., Pipersville, PA and2EarthRes Group, Inc., Pipersville, PAIn the mineral industry today, the “low hanging” fruit that once existed to debot-tleneck production, improve recovery, while meeting market needs for qualityin mining operations are no longer present. A systematic evaluation of processflows, unit operations, plant controls and customer specifications provides thenecessary insight and confidence for plant operators to prioritize improvementprojects in order to maximize return on investment (ROI) for the site. The evalu-ation of aggregate and industrial mineral processing plants requires the follow-ing steps when projecting cost saving opportunities: collecting background data,conducting a baseline evaluation, analyzing specific unit-operation perform-ance, prioritizing the improvement opportunities followed by time phased implementation of the improvement plan. The following paper describes the approach and challenges of developing an improvement plan for a dry and wetmineral processing operation.

INDUSTRIAL MINERALS & AGGREGATES:Workforce Development in Industrial Minerals

and Aggregates9:00 AM • Wednesday, February 26

Chairs: B. Li, Michigan Technological Univ., Houghton, MI P. D’Elia, Pennsylvania State Univ., Spruce Pine, NC

9:00 AMIntroductions

9:05 AMOverview of Workforce Status in Industrial Minerals andAggregates in Brazil: The Educational Point of View

C. Petter and I. Gongalves; UFRGS, Porto Alegre, BrazilThis paper, in its first part, compares the profile and economic weight in the ex-traction of industrial minerals and aggregates to the so called conventional min-ing activities (metals, coal, gas and oil extraction) in Brazil. In its second part, adescriptive analysis of the present situation of the education in Brazil is made,emphasizing the graduation and post-graduation formation especially in

This is the Technical Program as of September 15, 2013. IT IS SUBJECT TO CHANGE. Please see the Onsite Program for final details.

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TECHNICAL PROGRAMengineering. The curricular structure of the schools that prepare the miningworkforce is discussed and the presence of specific subjects in industrial miner-als is evaluated. Finally, considerations are made on the actions being taken inthe main universities and companies, aiming to improve the formation of thespecialized workforce.

9:25 AMWorkforce Development Challenges – Managing Through Boomand Bust Cycles for the Long Term

J. Kogel; IMERYS, Sandersville, GAThe global mining industry faces a number of emerging workforce trends someof which are related to management practices adopted in response to boom andbust cycles. Over the long term, these management practices have led to asmaller pool of qualified industry professionals. For example, a significant short-age of mining engineers and geologists is expected over the next 10 years. Thisshortage is due in part to the mining workforce reductions in the 1980s down-turn. Another trend is that today’s workforce is increasingly dominated byyounger, less experienced workers. A third is that the workforce is increasinglyweighted towards contractors versus permanent employees. Industrial miner-als companies are generally less sensitive to the boom and bust cycles that driveemployment practices for much of the mining industry. However the sector isnot entirely immune to them. Aggregates companies recently experienced sig-nificant layoffs due to the poor US economy. The industry recognizes the impor-tance of investing in future workers and is adopting work force managementstrategies focused on developing a stable and well trained talent pool that can besustained through industry downturns.

9:45 AMTeaching New Employees About Processing Equipment: What isThat and How Does it Work?

M. Albrecht; Eichleay Engineers, Concord, CAIn the mining industry and particularly in the processing plants, we use somelarge and unusual equipment. Understanding what it is and what it does is im-portant to good operations, but how do you teach a new employee. When Istarted out in this field, the information on the processing equipment was easy tocome by. Equipment manufacturers readily supplied it; their salesmen wereoften engineers themselves and knew how important the availability of this in-formation was. Old engineers used their notebooks to train the new engineers.But over time this has changed. Equipment manufacturers have changed handsor gone out of business, and often the older engineers are gone. As a start a startin reversing this, this presentation will be an introduction to sizing, selecting, andoperation of some of this equipment, in particular gravity separating equipment.

10:05 AMInnovative Environmental and Management EducationPrograms that “Educate” Rather Than Just “Train” EmployeesHave Big Payoffs

J. McGuire1 and G. Stevens2; 1Cessford Construction Co./Oldcastle Materials, Inc., Le Grand, IA and 2Patrick Engineering Inc., Lisle, ILIn an era of aging workforces, shortages of qualified professionals, and increasesin environmental scrutiny and demands for sustainable development, it is im-perative that industrial minerals, aggregate and related heavy construction com-panies develop innovative programs to educate their employees by providingthem with the management skills and environmental awareness indispensableto financial and sustainable success of the company.

10:25 AMObservations Regarding the Transition of Recent MiningEngineering Graduates from Academia to the Modern Workforce

M. Sloan; Lone Mountain Processing, St. Charles, VAWorkforce development is important in establishing not only an effective work-force, but one that is also flexible depending on the current market trends. Anoften overlooked part of this workforce is recent engineering graduates who canfill both production and engineering support roles depending upon current jobresponsibilities. Fields of study can vary significantly among different educa-tional establishments, with focus shifting to different sectors of the mining in-dustry as a whole. This presentation focuses not only on the technical abilitiesnewly hired graduates should possess; but also, what practices companiesshould consider adopting to ensure candidates are as proficient as possible. Alsoincluded are the observations of a recently graduated mining engineer in regards to personal experiences and problems encountered in the transitionfrom an educational setting to an industrial one.

10:45 AMA New Mode for Fighting Desertification with Desert Sand

H. Mingsheng1, L. Jianbao2 and X. Gaifeng1; 1Resources and Environment Institute, Wuhan Iron & Steel (Group) Corp., Wuhan, China and 2Dept. of Material Science and Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing, ChinaThe rapid expansion of desertification area and the frequent occurrence of thesandstorm have resulted in the environment deterioration and great loss ineconomy, even caused social problems in some areas. Nowadays, desertificationhas attracted extensive attention from all over the world. Research and develop-ment of new type sand-fixing materials to prevent the increasingly devastatingdesertification will be of great significance to promote development of the west-ern region in China. Based on the investigation and study of the structure of thenature sandstone, the properties and characteristics of the desert sands, a newproposal is put forward that simulates the diagenesis of the nature sandstone,uses the desert sands as the main raw materials and the water glass solution asgelling agent, some inorganic chloride as the solidified agent to prepare a kind ofsilicate cementitious bricks for desert greening. The desert greening bricks willhave good prospects because of their good properties, convenient construction,low cost, no-pollution, environmental friendliness and so on. So a new mode forfighting desertification with desert sand is brought up.

11:05 AMCommunities and Workforce Development in Mining in Peru

M. Cedron; Engineering, PUCP, Lima, PeruIn a country like Peru, mining usually takes place in remote areas where agricul-tural communities are a common source of workforce. This situation causes several impacts, both positive and negative on the communities. This paper discusses various of these impacts, specially the way people with no backgroundin mining are trained so they can better make use of the benefits that miningbrings and at the same time how the negative impacts can be minimize.

11:25 AMOverview of Workforce Trends in the U.S. Aggregate andIndustrial Minerals Industry

C. Branon; Automated Systems Alliance, Inc, Aurora, COIt is unlikely that there will be sufficient skilled mine labor to satisfy the demandover the next 20 years. Given that, how will that problem manifest itself in theAggregate and Industrial Minerals side of the business? What types of issues arelikely to manifest themselves in these industries? Retirement and a projectedglobal increase in demand for mine labor will likely provide a steady stream ofnew jobs over the next 20 years. For a period of time, the U.S. will have a work-force composed of very young and very senior workers. For the industry, in gen-eral, finding and retaining skilled labor is likely to be a problem for the industryand to some degree this may force many companies to instigate process improvements and new automation solutions. This talk will focus on these questions as they apply to the Aggregate and Industrial Minerals business.

MINERAL & METALLURGICAL PROCESSING:Comminution II

9:00 AM • Wednesday, February 26Chair: G. Davis, FLSmidth, Salt Lake City, UT

9:00 AMIntroductions

9:05 AMStructure, Methods and Calculations of a Plant GrindingManagement System

R. McIvor and O. Arafat; Metcom Technologies, Marquette, MIDiscovery, development and industrial validation of The FunctionalPerformance Equation has provided grinding plant manager-operators with di-rect (non trial-and-error) means to adjust circuit design and operating variablesin order to maximize overall circuit efficiency. While providing a needed mathe-matical solution, the successful execution of a plant project resulting in verifi-able circuit processing performance improvements requires a significant num-ber of other steps. In order to identify and articulate all these steps, an “expert”in making plant grinding improvements, Robert E. McIvor, undertook a

This is the Technical Program as of September 15, 2013. IT IS SUBJECT TO CHANGE. Please see the Onsite Program for final details.

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TECHNICAL PROGRAMmulti-year study of the “task analysis” of plant grinding circuit processing performance improvement. This “task analysis” identified the need for the inputof numerous other expert resources to properly define and articulate many ofthe required steps. This process ultimately yielded a “Plant Grind CircuitProcessing Improvement/Management System”, aimed at providing all the stepsneeded to measure and maximize plant grinding efficiency in an industrial mineral processing facility.

9:25 AMGrinding Improvements at Mineral Park Mine

J. Winkelmann; Metallurgical, Mineral Park Mine, Kingman, AZAbstract The Mineral Park Mine is an open pit copper-molybdenum mine lo-cated in northwestern Arizona, approximately twenty miles northwest ofKingman, Arizona. The concentrating facility has been regarded, with the expan-sion in 2011, as a plant capable of treating fifty thousand short tons of feed perday for the mixture of supergene and hypogene ores available. The grinding cir-cuit consists of two 32’ x 14’ SAG mills and four 20’ x 28’ ball mills. As ores be-came harder with greater depth in the adjacent pit areas, however, the SAG millsbecame severely throughput limited. The traditional treatment for similar prop-erties is the installation of a recycle pebble crushing circuit. Because the cost ofsuch an installation is quite elevated, and preliminary testing and research wasinconclusive regarding the predicted throughput increases, management andtechnical personnel set out to find another solution to the problem. The resultentailed a redesign of SAG lifters/liners and a nearly unique circuit changewhich was, at best, a difficult step that defied current grinding logic. This paperdescribes these changes, events leading up to them, and the results.

9:45 AMMeasurement and Modelling of the Effect of Stone Contaminanton the Capacity of a Coal Grinding Mill

M. Moys; Chemical and Metal Engng, University of the Witwatersrand,Johannesburg, South AfricaHard components (stone) in the feed to a coal grinding mill lead to a dispropor-tionate decrease in the capacity of the mill, because the stone grinds more slowlyand accumulates in the mill. This applies particularly to relatively large particleswhich are above the size of particle which can be ground by the balls in the millload. The problem is dealt with by occasionally removing the mill from serviceand grinding out the hard components. A sample of the contents of a mill whichwas due for a grindout was analysed. The stone components were separatedfrom the normal coal and each component was screened into several sizeclasses. These were then ground in a batch mill following Austin’s method tomeasure the rate of grinding. We then used a comprehensive simulation of a coalmilling circuit to explore methods of operating the mill (including processing thefeed to the mill) in order to mitigate the problem. We also used the DEM to explore the impact of changes in liner profile on the behaviour of the mill load.

10:05 AMGeometallurgy: New Methodology to Measure Ore HardnessVariability for Production Forecasting

M. Brissette1, J. Hedderson1, S. Sanuri2 and K. Larbi1; 1Starkey & Associates, Oakville, ON, Canada and 2Mining & Metallurgy, McGillUniversity, Montreal, QC, CanadaOre hardness can vary because the ore can come from different parts of the pit,especially for large open pit operations. The main purpose of Geometallurgy isto improve the mine planning to decrease the large production fluctuationscaused by that hardness variability. For SAG milling, the SAG Variability Test(SVT), which is an abbreviated version of the standard SAGDesign™ test, wasdeveloped to meet this Geometallurgical need. The ore is ground to 60% pass-ing 1.7 mm (or 10 Mesh) and then projected to the standard end point of 80%passing 1.7mm. For ball milling, a Bond Variability Test (BVT) was also devel-oped using the SAG ground ore from the SVT. The final grams per revolution ispredicted from the third cycle value. Both SAG and BWI ore hardness can bepredicted within 4.2% and 6.1% respectively compared to the full SAGDesign™test. Both tests can be continued to the full standard test. With the SAGDesign™technology, both SAG and ball mill pinion energy are calculated and used formill design or throughput forecasting. This article discusses the developmentand results of those two new tests, SVT and BVT, and their potential use in anygeometallurgical study.

10:25 AMOverflow versus Grate Discharge Ball Mills: A Comparison

R. Latchireddi; Metallurgical Engineering, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UTAdvances in shell supported bearing structures opens up the possibility of de-ploying large diameter grate discharge mills in plants. In grate discharge mills,the hydrodynamic gradient of the slurry between the feed and discharge ends ismanipulated to achieve a desired product size. Hence over grinding of fines canbe regulated in these mills, whereas in overflow mills the only means of control-ling fines over grinding is done by maintain high circulating loads. But higherslurry flow in the mill carries grinding balls into the mill discharge. Open circuitpilot scale experiments were carried out in a 0.42m diameter by 0.56m long millfitted alternately with overflow and grate discharge assemblies. The variablesconsidered are mill speed and percent solids which affects the residence timewithin the mill. The distribution of residence time was measured with a tracer.The experimental results show the operational differences between the two dis-charge mechanisms. The data are analyzed in the context of the selection andbreakage function model to show the differences in the energy specific breakagerate in the two mills.

10:45 AMAnalysis of Energy-size Relationship in CBU Lab-scale HPGR

S. Rashidi, N. Dhawan and R. Rajamani; Metallurgical Engineering,University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UTHigh Pressure Grinding Rolls (HPGR) have become widely accepted in hard rockmining primarily because of energy savings in the comminution circuits. Lab-scale HPGRs are easier to work with to investigate the effects of operating pa-rameters on product size distribution and energy consumption for differentores. University of Utah houses the smallest (200 mm x 100 mm) lab-scale HPGRdesigned by the late Prof. Schönert. Ore mass as small as 10 kg is sufficient for asingle run on this HPGR. Multiple ores categorized as hard ore and soft ore havebeen studied. Different artificial feed size distributions were used to evaluatethe influence of operating conditions on product fineness and the correspondingenergy consumption. Moreover, open-multiple pass and locked-cycle tests werecarried out. Higher reduction ratio is achieved in locked-cycle tests compared toopen-multipass tests. Rate of fine production is also higher for locked-cycletests. However, scale-up parameters such as specific grinding force, specific energy and specific throughput are ore dependent, but remains unchanged asoperating conditions and tests configurations vary.

MINERAL & METALLURGICAL PROCESSING:Leaching II

9:00 AM • Wednesday, February 26Chair: C. Green, Freeport-McMoRan Copper and Gold Inc,

Morenci, AZ

2:00 PMIntroductions

2:05 PMBioAccelerant: A New Biotechnological Product for BioleachingProcess Optimization

M. Saavedra, S. Beard and M. Osses; Biotecnologías Antofa*gasta S.A.,Santiago, ChileBioAccelerant® is a new bioproduct intended for copper sulphide bioleachingprocess optimization, which allows cycle time minimization and ore recoverymaximization through the addition of native, metabolically active, iron- and sul-phur-oxidizing microorganisms at industrial scale, without the need for complexin situ biomass plants construction and operation. BioAccelerant® containshighly concentrated freeze-dried bioleaching bacteria in powder format.Microorganisms in the product are native, that is, isolated directly from eachclient environmental samples, condition that ensures a higher degree of adapta-tion and effectiveness. BioAccelerant® can be applied easily as a biological cur-ing (hom*ologous to acid curing) during heaps mineral loading or directlythrough the irrigation system. Product formulation is defined on a case by casebasis, looking for the optimum microorganism combination able to maximize re-sults for each mine site. BioAccelerant® was subjected to validation throughunitary column tests. Application of the product on a refractory mineral withhigh chalcopyrite content generated a 25% decrease in cycle time and a 20% increase in copper recovery.

This is the Technical Program as of September 15, 2013. IT IS SUBJECT TO CHANGE. Please see the Onsite Program for final details.

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TECHNICAL PROGRAM2:25 PMBioleaching of Conventional and Non-conventional Materials:New Approaches

P. Chavez and D. Perez; Aguamarina S.A., Antofa*gasta, ChileEven when Chilean mining industry is focused on copper extraction, it’s been di-versification to other values as gold and lanthanides, although not all the valuescome directly from the ore, there are big amounts of recoverable values on thedumps or tailings as occurs with flotation tails usually stocked, smelter slag orfines dust produced during the ore crushing, normally avoided by leachingstages. Supporting the diversification implies studies and research efforts fo-cused on solving problems more than absolutely understanding the microbio-logical phenomena behind it. Working this way several advances have beenreached on the improves of bioaugmentation plants using CO2, bacterial on linemonitoring into solutions and attached to the ore in order to improve extractionfrom traditional ores as chalcocite, digenite, etc. trough modifying simple opera-tional conditions as irrigation rate, also allowing cyanide degradation, electro-chemical treatment of chalcopyrite and lanthanides extraction. The effortsshould be focused on the process optimization and scale up, due the fact thatbinding microbiological phenomena and electrochemical principles (betweenothers) is not utopic.

2:45 PMEvaluation of the Effectiveness of a Thermal Cover for ObtainingElevated Ore Temperatures to Facilitate Thermophylic HeapLeaching of Copper Sulfide Ores

T. Schrauf1, M. Harris2, M. Smith3 and O. Caceres4; 1Geo-Logic Associates, Tucson, AZ; 2GSE Environmental, Houston, TX; 3RRD International Corp, Incline Village, NV and 4Rio Tinto, Salt Lake City, UTPrevious studies indicate that successful leaching of chalcopyrite ore requirestemperatures above 50°C which are achieved by the exothermic reaction ofpyrite enhanced by the presence of thermophylic bacteria. In colder climates,loss of heat through the surface of the heap can be sufficiently high that it maynot be possible to achieve the desired ore temperatures. The effectiveness of theinstallation of a geomembrane cover over the heap surface was evaluated byheat balance modeling of a pilot heap leach project both before and after instal-lation of the geomembrane cover. The modeling results indicate the geomem-brane cover increased ore temperatures within the pilot heap by up to 20°C dur-ing the winter months, versus the absence of the cover. This is attributable toabout a 15 times increase in the effective thermal resistance of the heap surfacewith the geomembrane cover versus bare soil. The heat balance modeling wasalso used to evaluate the relative importance of other operational parametersand climatic conditions. The results show that for the conditions modeled, athermal cover is required to achieve the desired ore temperatures for optimumleaching.

3:05 PMBiosigma Bioleaching Processes for Primary Low Grade Ores

P. Parada, R. Bobadilla, R. Collao and R. Badilla-Ohlbaum; BioSigmaS.A., Colina, ChileBioSigma SA, a joint venture between Chile’s state copper producer Codelco andJX- NMMC has been working since 2002 to develop biotechnology to increase re-covery rates in the leaching of low-grade copper ores. BioSigma’s technologiesfor bioleaching processes employ isolated natural microorganisms with en-hanced properties grown efficiently at industrial scale bioreactors. Novel bio-monitoring technologies and control of their activity in industrial heaps anddumps of low-grade ores have been also developed and used. After successfulpilot & industrial prototype-scale testing at Codelco’s mines through 2005-2010,we arrived at a novel technology capable of enhancing the bioleaching rate oflow-grade primary resources. Now, in the culmination of this scale-up process,we are using the technology — protected through 57 patents granted worldwide– we built and operate an industrial biomass plant, which started operation to-gether with industrial bioleaching low grade primary ores heaps, in December2012 at Codelco’s Radomiro Tomic mine in northern Chile.

3:25 PMSpectroelectrochemistry of Enargite II: Reactivity in Acidic Solutions

R. Gow1, C. Young2, H. Huang2 and G. Hope3; 1Hydromet R&D,FLSmidth, Midvale, UT; 2Montana Tech, Butte, MT and 3Griffith University, Brisbane, QLD, AustraliaAcidic treatment of enargite (Cu3AsS4) dissolves both arsenic and copper fromthe mineral and then attempts to separate them in the leach solution. The reac-tivity of enargite was examined in acidic solutions, over the pH range 1-7, to de-termine a potential range for co-dissolution.. Enargite mineral samples fromButte, MT and Quirivilca, Peru were used as working electrodes in a cyclicvoltammetry corrosion cell setup, which were then cycled multiple times over -1000 to 1000 mV. Surface reactions and transitions were characterized using in-situ Raman spectroscopy, which were then compared to updated predominancediagrams for the copper-arsenic-sulfur system from a previous study doneunder alkaline conditions. The region of co-dissolution is limited to > 600 mV vs.SHE and pH < 1 under the proposed diagram.

3:45 PMSpectroelectrochemistry of Enargite III: Alkaline Sulfide Addition

R. Gow1, C. Young2, H. Huang2 and G. Hope3; 1Hydromet R&D,FLSmidth, Midvale, UT; 2Montana Tech, Butte, MT and 3Griffith University, Brisbane, QLD, AustraliaThe reactivity of an enargite mineral electrode was investigated spectroelectro-chemically under conditions typically found during an alkaline sulfide leach, pH11-13 and NaS additions of 50 or 250 gpl. Raman spectroscopy was used to de-termine and compare surface formations against species in theoretical mass bal-anced Eh-pH diagrams generated using StabCal. Previously it had been deter-mined that arsenic could be selectively leached at a solution potential of-300mV, across the pH range 11-13.Operation under these conditions allowedfor selective leaching of arsenic and prevented elemental sulfur formation. Fromseveral of the voltammograms obtained during the current testing, the forma-tion of elemental sulfur appears at more reducing conditions as the sulfide con-centration increases. At a high enough concentration, copper starts to leach intosolution, reducing the selectivity of the leach. This does provide insight into thebenefit of the kinetics of sulfide leaching for arsenic but instead provides guid-ance on the need for reagent control and monitoring of the solution potential.

MINERAL & METALLURGICAL PROCESSING:Modeling and Simulations I

9:00 AM • Wednesday, February 26Chairs: H. Rawlins, Montana Process Research, Butte, MT

D. Laney, Newmont Mining Corp., Greenwood Village, CO

9:00 AMIntroductions

9:05 AMUnderstanding Gas Dispersion Characteristics in Flotation CellsUsing Population Balance Modeling

M. Basavarajappa and S. Miskovic; Metallurgical Engineering, University of Utah, Salt Lake CIty, UTDispersion of air in flotation cells results in a generation of, typically, wide bub-ble size distribution (BSD). The flotation recovery is directly related to the gen-eration, transport, and interaction of bubbles with other phases present.Combining computational fluid dynamics (CFD) and population balance model-ing (PBM) researchers have successfully predicted BSD in lab-scale chemicalstirred tanks using radial impellers. In the current work, CFD-PBM approach isused to predict the BSD in lab-scale flotation cells of diameter D equal to 300 mm(diameter, D = height, H). Eulerian-Eulerian two fluid model is used to solve gov-erning transport equation for the two phases. Turbulence in the flow is modeledusing per phase k-ε turbulence model. Finally, interphase momentum exchangeis modeled by considering drag and lift forces acting on bubbles. By predictingthe average local bubble size at different regions in the tank, further fundamen-tal insight can be gained into the dispersion and transport of gaseous phase inflotation cells.

This is the Technical Program as of September 15, 2013. IT IS SUBJECT TO CHANGE. Please see the Onsite Program for final details.

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TECHNICAL PROGRAM9:25 AMNumerical Investigation of Solids Suspension in Flotation Cells

M. Basavarajappa and S. Miskovic; Metallurgical Engineering, University of Utah, Salt Lake CIty, UTIn this work, solid suspension characteristics in a lab-scale cylindrical flotationtank of 300 mm diameter (diameter, D = height, H) using a standard six-bladeflotation impeller and twelve-blade stator configuration are investigated usingcomputational fluid dynamics (CFD). The diameter of impeller is one-fifth of thetank diameter d= D/5 and the gap between impeller tip and stator is d/5. Off-bottom clearance, impeller blade shape, impeller speed and particle size criti-cally affect the mixing and concentration profiles of solid phase in flotation cells.Silica particles of diameters between 100-1000 mm and specific gravity value of2.7 are considered. Solids percent (w/w) between 5 – 40 % are considered andsuspension characteristics are studied for different impeller speeds. MultiphaseEulerian-Eulerian (EE) approach is used. Majority of particle-bubble interactionare expected to occur in the highly turbulent zone close to impeller where in-coming air is also dispersed. Therefore, understanding distribution of solid par-ticles in this region will provide significant information about the transport ofsolid phase within the cell.

9:45 AMTransient Simuation of Long-distance Tailings and ConcentratePipelines for Operator Training

C. Cristoffanini1, M. Karkare1 and M. Aceituno2; 1AS, Andritz, Richmond, BC, Canada and 2Transporte de Fluidos, Minera Los Pelambres, Santiago, ChileA real-time transient pipeline simulation was used to model the operationalpressure response in the concentrate and tailings pipelines of the Minera LosPelambres copper mine in Chile. A high-fidelity simulator was needed to trainthe operators on safe operation of the pipeline for different scenarios. A simula-tor that solves the transient equations was used to dynamically predict the pres-sure and flow throughout the pipeline to provide real-time responses to opera-tional changes such as opening or closing a choke valve, or sending a waterbatch. Slurry rheological properties were incorporated into the model. Thispaper presents the technical background of the pipeline simulation model andthe study of slurry properties. The paper shows the results of the transient sim-ulation for different operating scenarios such as start-up, shutdown and leakage,by presenting the hydraulic gradient curves for each case. Finally, the paperbriefly presents how the simulator was connected to an emulated control system and used to train the operator, it demonstrates the most effective toolavailable to learn to resolve undesirable conditions.

10:05 AMDevelopment of a Bubble-Coarsening Froth Model

R. Yoon and S. Park; Mining and Minerals Engineering, Virginia Tech,Blacksburg, VAIn a flotation froth (and foam), bubbles become larger due to coalescence, caus-ing less hydrophobic particles to drop off. A bubble-coarsening model has beendeveloped by calculating the changes in Plateau border area as a function of theinitial bubble size at the base of a foam, liquid fraction, and foam height and thenrelating the predicted Plateau border area to the critical rupture thickness oflamellae film. The model predicts that bubble coarsens with increasing frothheight, decreasing frother dosage, decreasing aeration rate, and increasing particle hydrophobicity. The model predictions are in good agreement with actual bubble size measurements.

10:25 AMExpanding the Capabilities of Operational Heap Leach Models

C. Voss and A. Neir; Golder Associates Inc., Redmond, WAOne of the results of the decline in commodity prices in 2012 is an increased in-terest by mining companies to optimize productivity. Golder Associates hasbeen developing dynamic simulation models for our mining clients to improvetheir understanding of how the ore characteristics, operational decisions andexternal factors, such as climate, influence the performance of their mining op-erations. These models include a wide array of operations and processes, includ-ing the design and operations of heap leach facilities. Golder is partnering withour clients to expand the level of detail in these models by capitalizing on thecollection and analysis of site data and the experience and direct observation ofmine personnel. This paper describes the status of the operational heap leachmodels and how they are being used by mines to gain an intuitive understandingof the hydro-geochemical processes involved and make better decisions to

improve the efficiency and productivity of mine operations. The paper will pro-vide a case history of a dynamic simulation model that was developed for a goldheap leach operation at a mine in the southern extension of the Carlin trend.

MINERAL & METALLURGICAL PROCESSING:Non-sulfide Flotation II

9:00 AM • Wednesday, February 26Chair: D. Tao, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY

2:00 PMIntroductions

2:05 PMQuartz Activation in Reverse Flotation of Hematite and TheirAdsorption Behavior Using QCM-D

J. Kou, T. Sun, Y. Guo and C. Xu; University of Science and TechnologyBeijing, Beijing, ChinaIn this paper the activation behavior of quartz using CaO as an activator inhematite flotation with anionic collector was evaluated and their adsorption be-havior was investigated using a variety of techniques. The adsorption of the col-lectors on the surface of quartz with and without Ca2+ was primarily character-ized using Crystal Microbalance with Dissipation technique (QCM-D), which is ahigh sensitivity in-situ surface characterization technique. The flotation per-formance was evaluated using a laboratory mechanical flotation cell at differentprocess parameters such as pH, collector dosage, and CaO dosage. The anioniccollector evaluated were a commercial fatty acid KS-I. The thickness, density,and structural property of the collector layer adsorbed on quartz surface at dif-ferent dosages of Ca2+, collector and pHs from 8 to 11 have been studied usingthe technique of quartz crystal microbalance with dissipation (QCM-D). Thechemisorption of the collector KS-I on the surface of quartz in presence of Ca2+were also demonstrated by means of zeta potential, QCM-D and FTIR analysis.

2:25 PMSelective Flotation of Apatite from Calcite/Dolomite with CO2 Gas

X. Wang1, E. Ferreira2, E. Matiolo2, A. Avelar2, K. Goncalves2, L. Barros3

and J. Miller1; 1Metallurgical Engineering, University of Utah, Salt LakeCity, UT; 2Centro de Desenvolvimento Mineral, Vale S.A., Santa Luzia,Brazil and 3Vale Fertilizantes, Araxa, BrazilCarbon dioxide flotation technology for a siliceous carbonate phosphate ore hasbeen developed by Vale S.A. Explanations for the selective flotation of apatitefrom carbonate minerals using CO2 gas are being considered. This paper willdiscuss the effect of CO2 gas on the flotation response based on measurementsof CO2 bubble size, dynamic contact angle, and bubble attachment time, as wellas the results from microflotation and bench scale flotation experiments.

2:45 PMFeed Pre-Aeration Using Cavitation in Operating Full-ScaleFlotation Circuits

R. Honaker1, M. Saracoglu1, E. Yan2, M. Fan2 and L. Christodoulou2;1Mining Engineering, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY and2Eriez Flotation Division, Eriez Manufacturing, Erie, KYPre-aeration of flotation feed has proven to be an effective method to improverecovery and reduce collector requirements. A cavitation system capable of pre-aerating flotation feed at the typical volumetric flow rates of commercial flota-tion circuits has been designed and evaluated in operating plants treating coaland iron ore. The results from these evaluations will be presented and discussedin this publication with specific emphasis on recovery improvements and theability to reduce reagent dosage requirements.

This is the Technical Program as of September 15, 2013. IT IS SUBJECT TO CHANGE. Please see the Onsite Program for final details.

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TECHNICAL PROGRAM3:05 PMParticle-bubble Interactions in Nanobubble Enhanced Froth Flotation

A. Sobhy1 and D. Tao2; 1Dept. of Mining and Nuclear Engineering, Missouri University of S&T, Rolla, MO and 2Mining Engineering, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KYFroth flotation is a particle separation process that exploits the difference in sur-face hydrophobicity of different particles to separate valuable minerals fromgangue minerals. The success of effective particle separation depends on the ef-ficient capture of hydrophobic particles by air bubbles in three steps, i.e. colli-sion, attachment and detachment. The fundamental analysis has shown thatnanobubbles generated on particle surface enhance the particle-bubble interac-tion process and therefore the froth flotation efficiency. Nanobubbles reduce theinduction time required for the particle-bubble attachment by up to one-half.

3:25 PMDirect or Reverse Flotation on Phosphate Ores – FundamentalsE. Blanco; FLSmidth, West Jordan, UTFLSmidth are conducted several phosphate projects to determine the best flow-sheet for phosphate plants around the world. Direct flotation on rock mineralsare floated at natural pH using anionic collectors, depressants and modifiers forgangue minerals. However for reverse flotation, quartz materials are floated atneutral pH using a cationic amine collector. In this method, carbonate mineralsare floated by anionic collectors at acidic pH while phosphate minerals are de-pressed. The process variables and fundamentals that affect the performance ofthis phosphate metallurgy process are also discussed.

MINERAL & METALLURGICAL PROCESSING:Process Mineralogy

9:00 AM • Wednesday, February 26Chair: T. Bhambhani, Cytec Industries, Stamford, CT

9:00 AMIntroductions

9:05 AMTeaching an Old Mill New Tricks: Improvements Using MineralLiberations Analysis for The Thompson Creek Mill

P. Miranda; Thompson Creek Metals, Clayton, IDThe Thompson Creek Mine, located in Idaho, is the largest open pit mine inIdaho. It has been in production for approximately 30 years. The mine utilizesflotation techniques for removal of molybdenite from gangue material.Throughout the mine life, mill parameters have been kept relatively constant forgrind size, reagent addition, leaching parameters, as well as other variables.Recently, in January of 2012, Thompson Creek Metals (TCM) purchased aMineral Liberations Analyzer (MLA) for ore characterization, mill optimization,and geological surveys. During mill optimization using samples from variouspart of the flotation circuit and analyzing them with the MLA, it was determinedthat over grinding may be occurring. In August 2012, flotation feed grind sizewas altered with very positive results. The technology, mill recoveries, and costsrelated to the grind changes within the Thompson Creek Mill will be discussedand evaluated.

9:25 AMProcess Mineralogy with the TESCAN TIMA Mineral Analyzer andAutomatic Sample Loader – The Step to 24/7 Plant Support

V. Kralova; TESCAN, Cranberry Twp., PAThe TESCAN Integrated Mineral Analyzer (TIMA), an automated mineralogy sys-tem, enables fast and quantitative mineral analyses of rocks, ores, concentrates,tailings, leach residues or smelter products. It combines BSE and EDX analysisfor identification and measurement of mineral concentrations, particle size dis-tribution, and liberation/locking parameters. In addition, it can provide brightparticle searches for PGM, gold-silver ores, and/or REE. With the newly de-signed Automated Loading System (AutoLoader), the TIMA has become the firstAutomated Mineral Analyzer which permits robust, continuous and unattendedsample loading. With the AutoLoader (robotics) System, the TIMA has emergedas a powerful plant support instrument. It increases the sample throughput,minimizes manual labor and enables 24/7 operations. It will also increase the

capabilities of technical service centers for mining companies, commercial labo-ratories, large drilling programs or pilot test campaigns. In combination with ahighly automated sample preparation lab (sizing, potting and polishing), TIMAtechnology can establish high-throughput and fast-turnaround AutomatedMineralogy Lab Modules.

9:45 AMImproving Alkaline Pressure Oxidation Gold Recovery byMagnetic Recovery and Processing of Gold-Bearing IronOxides/Sulfides

W. Douglas; Barrick Gold, Carlin, NVPressure oxidation can be used to oxidize single refractory (sulfide) ore inpreparation for cyanide leaching. Pressure oxidation is traditionally performedat acidic conditions that promote the oxidation of pyrite to hematite for leaching.To achieve this, excess carbonates are neutralized prior to pressure oxidationwith sulfuric acid. If carbonate levels are too high to economically acidulate,pressure oxidation can be performed with an excess of carbonates referred to asalkaline pressure oxidation. The resultant pyrite oxidation and subsequent goldrecovery are negatively affected. Partial pyrite oxidation forms an iron oxideshell surrounding a pyritic core of trapped gold. Gold deportment studies showthe majority of the gold losses are in this iron oxide/sulfide. Using high-intensitymagnetic separation, the iron oxides containing unoxidized sulfide can be re-moved, producing a concentrate containing up to 50 percent of the gold andpyrite entrained in the tailings. This concentrate is of economic grade, and canbe re-processed by an additional autoclaving step resulting in overall alkalinepressure oxidation gold recovery gains of over 10 percent.

10:05 AMThe Benefits of Advanced Sample Preparation Systems andLaboratory Automation Technology in the Minerals Industry

V. Nase and C. Wiggeshoff; Polysius Corp., Atlanta, GAToday XRF and XRD are well proven technologies for the determination of thechemical and mineralogical composition of sample material. A prerequisite forthe successful application of these methods is that the sample preparation stepis tailored to the analysis method. A high degree of automation provides an opti-mizedutilization of the available machinery and at the same time helps to avoidhuman errors. The correct choice of a suitable degree of automation is essentialfor the operational and economical success of a project. The presentation givesan overview of the state of the art sample preparation systems and automationtechnology included in the Polysius product portfolio. The POLAB® range ofproducts covers different degrees of automation ranging from semiautomaticunits to fully automatic laboratories with industrial robots and distributed labo-ratory installations with mobile robots. The modular design, expandability andupgradeability ensure to also cover the future requirements of the laboratories.

10:25 AMDeMet Membrane Electrolytic Cell Application for ImprovedMetal Processing and Residual Recovery

P. James1 and M. Baker2; 1Blue Planet Strategies, Madison, WI and2CheckMark Consulting, Tucson, AZNew membrane based DeMet™ water treatment technology (Blue PlanetStrategies) wrings extra value from mining and processing wastes by enablingnew production. This powerful platform technology enables various new eco-nomical treatment options to extract key metals from traditional low level andwaste stream sources normally left by traditional processing methods. Theprocess will be introduced and its application to several mining water process-ing challenges considered. Representative results for target mining impactedwater stream samples will be examined and typical treatment results and pro-cessing costs illustrated. The impact on target mining operations will be dis-cussed. The profitable reclamation of metals from Acid Rock Drainage (ARD)will be discussed and illustrated with key results. Processing of weak PregnantLeach Solution (PLS) by DeMet™ to enable cost-effective final production by con-ventional facilities will also be illustrated. The immediate and longer term bene-fits to mine lives, cut-off grades, and extracting the value from wastes like ARDand old tailings by applying DeMet™ will be examined. New developments andopportunities will be reviewed.

This is the Technical Program as of September 15, 2013. IT IS SUBJECT TO CHANGE. Please see the Onsite Program for final details.

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TECHNICAL PROGRAMMINERAL & METALLURGICAL PROCESSING:

Student Poster Session9:00 AM • Wednesday, February 26

Chair: Emily Sarver, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VALisa Schlink, Freeport-McMoRan Copper & Gold, Case Grande, AZ

This session will highlight mineral and metallurgical processing research con-duscted by undergraduate and graduate students. The session will feature oralpresentations followed by a poster session at the MPD Luncheon.

MINERAL & METALLURGICAL PROCESSING:Water In Minerals Processing 5:

Selenium Treatment – Updates on TreatmentTechnology Improvement

11:00 AM • Wednesday, February 26Chairs: J. Schubert, UHDR Engineering Inc, Sarasota, FL

J. Hohn, RSR Technologies, Dallas, TX

11:00 AMIntroductions

11:05 AMElectro-biochemical Reactor (EBR) Technology for SeleniumRemoval from British Columbia’s Coal-mining Wastewaters

A. Opara1, D. Adams1, M. Peoples1 and A. Martin2; 1Inotec Inc., Salt Lake City, UT and 2Lorax Environmental, Vancouver, BC, CanadaThe weathering of coal mine waste introduces metals and inorganic contami-nants into waters. Elevated concentrations of Se are a ubiquitous occurrence incoal mining environments in British Columbia, with values ranging from below50 to over 500 μg/L in site waters. Treatment to remove Se from coal-miningwastewaters has been challenging for conventional water treatment methods.Conventional biotreatment systems use excess nutrients to provide the requiredelectrons for contaminant redox transformations. The Electro-BiochemicalReactor (EBR) technology provides electrons to the microbes directly at a lowvoltage and current. In this manner, the EBR technology overcomes the short-comings found in conventional systems, as it reduces the nutrient addition andprovides a more controllable, efficient, and economical biotreatment system.Laboratory EBR bench-scale and on-site pilot-scale tests of five BC coal minewastewaters examined influent Se concentrations ranging from 35 μg/L to 531μg/L. Mean Se concentrations in EBR effluents ranged from 0.3 μg/L to 1.7 μg/L.The test data demonstrate that the EBR technology is an effective Se removal option for BC’s coal-mining wastewaters.

11:25 AMAdvances, Optimization and Application of ABMet® BiologicalSelenium Treatment Systems to Treat Mine Wastewater

J. Harwood; GE Water & Process Technologies, Oakville, ON, CanadaMuch of the North American mining industry is becoming aware of the need tofind mitigation measures to minimize water-related selenium discharges fromtheir operations. Regulatory agencies, local pressure and citizen-initiated legalaction is driving the need to limit selenium discharges to very low, part-per-bil-lion levels in much of the US and Western Canada. Mine operators, environmen-tal specialists and consulting engineers need to understand the reality of the op-tions available to them, specifically the efficacy and economics of varioussolutions. Understanding the solutions available is critical to allowing miningcompanies to achieve compliance while minimizing the disruption to their corebusiness activities. This paper will discuss, in depth, the recent advances and op-timizations of GE’s ABMet® biofilter system for selenium removal. It will exam-ine the improvements in performance and application economics realized overthe past two decades. In addition, real-world case-studies will be reviewed anddiscussed to help illustrate the applicability of this technology in various aspectsof mining industry.

11:45 AMAn Overview of the Selenium Problem Facing the Mining &Metals Industries

B. Park1, J. McCloskey1 and L. Twidwell2; 1Center for Advanced Mineral and Metallurgical Processing, Montana Tech, Butte, MT and2Montana Tech of the University of Montana, Butte, MTThe removal of selenium from hydrometallurgical solutions, waste waters, andrunoff waters has been and continues to be an important research topic, due toincreased regulatory scrutiny and inherent difficulties in selenium treatment tolow levels. This presentation includes a summary of selenium distribution, solu-tion chemistry characteristics, industries with selenium problems, examplesources, water treatment and residue disposal regulations, and a brief summary/discussion of current treatment technologies.

12:05 PMBiological Selenate and Selenite Reduction from Mining EffluentsUsing Moving Bed Biofilm Reactors

C. Dale1, M. Ekenbergh2 and F. Wessman3; 1VWS NA, Cary, NC;2AnoxKaldnes, Lund, Sweden and 3KrugerKaldnes, Sandelford, NorwaySelenium in the form of selenate (Se+6) and selenite (Se+4) can be present inboth mining and power industry waste waters. The discharge limitations for se-lenium in various geographies around the globe has become increasingly strin-gent. Selenate can be removed biologically by reduction to the elementary form,which makes it virtually insoluble so that it can be separated from the waste-water. A growing demand for selenium reduction from wastewaters hasprompted Veolia Water to evaluate the market to determine which technologiesare feasible both technically and commercially. Part of this investigation hasbeen to undertake laboratory research at AnoxKaldnes, the inventor of the mov-ing bed biological reactor (MBBR) process. Selenium removal in an MBBR con-figuration has been under development and has been tested at AnoxKaldnes’laboratories in Lund, Sweden for the past two years. This research, based on in-dustry specific wastewaters, has been developed into commercialized solutions.This presentation will provide an overview of the viability of MBBR processes inselenium reduction.

12:25 PMAdvances in Fluidized Bed Reactor Treatment of Selenium inMining Waters

D. Enegess and S. Frisch; Envirogen, Kingwood, TXThere has been industry-wide interest in the further development, scale-up anddemonstration of improved technology to remove selenium to meet increasinglystringent regulatory requirements at lowest possible cost. Fluidized Bed Reactor(FBR) technology has now been proven at full scale for selenium-bearing miningrun-off at a US coal mine. It is producing low ppb level selenium in the effluent,with low residence times, at flow rates of 2800 gpm, the first such high flowbioreactor based system operating in North America. In addition to full-scaleperformance, seven pilot programs have now been successfully completed withFBR technology. Recent pilots have included testing at lower temperatures,down to 4C, and higher nitrate and selenium concentrations. Testing has showncolloidal selenium not filterable by conventional techniques. This has led to re-finements of the process to include finer filtration such as ultrafiltration mem-branes. This paper will report the results of FBR treatment and how it is appliedto selenium-containing waters, with data from most recent field experiences.

12:45 PMSelenium Treatment Reimagined: A Journey Towards Improved Performance

T. Pickett and J. Peterson, P.E.; Frontier Water Systems, Salt Lake City, UTIn the spring of 2012, Tim Pickett and James Peterson left stable jobs in thewater industry with the hope of developing a better solution for mining cus-tomers who face the unique challenges associated with the treatment of sele-nium. The goal – to create a dramatically improved engineered biological solu-tion that provides effective selenium treatment in a volume of less than half ofthe current ‘state of the art’, enabling a modular equipment solution that can berapidly and inexpensively mobilized as needed. After nearly a year of intensivedevelopment, several failed prototypes, invaluable help from our partners, andof course a little luck – the solution finally emerged. The result is a >50% reduc-tion in reactor volume vs. conventional processes, and a prefabricated andtransportable equipment platform with demonstrated selenium removal to

This is the Technical Program as of September 15, 2013. IT IS SUBJECT TO CHANGE. Please see the Onsite Program for final details.

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TECHNICAL PROGRAMultra low levels and no significant introduction of collateral pollutants. The pres-entation will share lessons learned on the journey from product concept to fullscale implementation. Performance data will be presented to include total selenium removal, other metals, nitrate, and BOD/COD, as well as the physicalattributes of the system.

MINING & EXPLORATION:Geology: Rare Earths

9:00 AM • Wednesday, February 26Chair: B. Penn, Legacy Core Scanning, LLC,

Colorado Springs, CO

9:00 AMIntroductions

9:05 AMExploration and Mining of Rare Earth Elements Using PortableXRF Analyzers

A. Somarin1 and G. Simandl2; 1ThermoFisher Scientific, Tewksbury,MA and 2British Columbia Geological Survey, Victoria, BC, CanadaREE mining is challenging because they are concentrated in more than one min-eral and each mineral requires a different costly extraction technology. PortableXRF is a useful tool to qualitatively and quantitatively evaluate REE projects inreal time in the field. A Thermo Scientific Niton XRF analyzer is used on REE-bearing phosphate samples from British Columbia. The samples were pulverized, cupped and analyzed by the analyzer using Mining Mode for 45 sec-onds on each filter. The raw XRF data (using factory calibration) were modifiedusing project-based Cal-Factor adjustments and then compared with lab (ICP-MS) assays of the same samples. Cal-Factor is a matrix-based adjustment that isdone using samples with matrices similar to unknown samples. There is a highcorrelation between portable XRF and lab data for P, Y, La and Pr, particularlyfor set of data obtained after using Cal-Factor. High correlation in Y suggests thatthe samples are likely enriched in HREE as well. Depending on the REE projecttype, tube-based or isotope-based analyzers are useful instruments that can provide real time on-site assays of REE and other elements in any type of geological samples.

9:25 AMExploring for Rare Earth Elements at Many Scales UsingReflected-light Spectroscopy

B. Penn; Legacy Core Scanning, LLC, Colorado Springs, CODue to their unique valence electron configuration many Rare Earth Elements(REE) produce unique absorption features in reflected light spectroscopy. Theadvent of imaging spectroscopy enables the exploration for REE and other miner-als at multiple scales from global to microscopic scales. While remote sensingdoes not produce quantitative values regarding the amount of mineral present itcan quickly and easily detect the presence of desired or indicator minerals. At thesatellite level deposits can be detected to a relatively coarse degree; inspiring fur-ther investigation. As one focuses in a particular area of interest, imaging spec-troscopy can act as a guide toward the higher-grade areas. Consequently, satellitedetection may predicate an airborne collection of targeted zones. These areasmay further be constrained by use of a hand-held instrument. When an ore-bodyof significant size/grade is found, individual rock samples may be cut into thin-sections for viewing under a microscope. These images can be evaluated usingimaging spectroscopy to determine the relative abundance of REE. At each scale,imaging spectroscopy can help determine the appropriate path forward.

9:45 AMpXRF for REE analysis: What Performance Can Tube BasedPortable or Hand Held XRF Achieve?

A. Seyfarth; Application Development, Bruker Elemental, Kennewick, WAPortable and hand held XRF (pXRF, HH XRF) have found wide spread use forchemical characterization in Geosciences and Mining. The latest generation of X-ray tube based units as opposed to established Isotope based, not only have lessregulatory requirements but increased their capabilities. How much this helpswith REE prospection or production related applications will be illustrated inthis talk. The notion of a “universal” REE application within the mining field iscritically analyzed and dispelled. Using well characterized in-type samples willyield the best application regardless of pXRF or HH instrumentation type.

Performance of the applications can vary though and it is imperative for the po-tential user to establish a benchmark procedure to ensure that the desired appli-cation is feasible for a portable or hand held unit. The examples and physicalbackground shown in the talk will enable the interested user to design andbenchmark REE application on their units as well as help making the rightchoices when performing an analytical study.

10:05 AMRare Earth Element (REE) Potential and Origin of the Cambrian-Ordovician(?) Episyenites in the Caballo Mountains, SouthernNew Mexico

V. McLemore, A. Riggins, N. Dunbar and K. Frempong; New MexicoBureau of Geology, New Mexico Tech, Socorro, NMEpisyenites found in the Caballo Mts are brick-red, K-feldspar-rich rocks thatwere desilicated and metasomatized by alkali-rich fluids, possibly related to al-kaline/ carbonatite magmas. The episyenites contain as much as 16% K2O andhave higher concentrations of REE (as much as 3167 ppm TREE), Th (as much as9721 ppm) and U (as much as 2329 ppm) than most igneous rocks and exhibittextures consistent with a metasomatic origin. Some episyenites contain highheavy REE (as much as 133 ppm Yb, 179 ppm Dy). K-feldspar with varyingamounts of muscovite, hematite/goethite, chlorite, plagioclase, quartz, and REE-bearing minerals have replaced the original granites and metamorphic gneisses.Field observations indicate that these episyenites are found as flat-lying pods orlenses (<300 m in diameter), pipe-like bodies, and dike-like bodies (<2 m wideand 400 m long). Episyenites also are found in the Burro, Zuni, and NacimientoMts, Pedernal Hills, Lobo Hill, and Fra Cristobal Mts. These episyenites may berepresentative of alkaline or carbonatite plutons at depth and are possibly related to a widespread Cambrian-Ordovician magmatic event that occurredthroughout NM and southern CO.

MINING & EXPLORATION:Management: Safety in Mining I

9:00 AM • Wednesday, February 26Chair: R. Hill, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ

9:00 AMIntroductions

9:05 AMMitigating Arc Flash Hazards – A Simple Graphic Helps VisualizeFive Distinct Safety Approaches

F. Mielli1 and T. Schiazza2; 1Industry, Schneider Electric, Alpharetta,GA and 2Projects, Schneider Electric, Seneca, SCCoal, copper, silver and more; Mining companies would probably agree theirmost precious resource is the people. The protection of personnel must be of ut-most importance in procedure and practice. In the area of electrical systems, itbegins in the design phase and continues through implementation, installationand execution. Recently, the understanding and awareness of arc flash and re-lated hazards has increased greatly among electrical workers, engineers, andsafety personnel. But while much attention has focused on the need for systemanalysis and the selection of appropriate Personal Protective Equipment (PPE),the application of product or design solutions intended to reduce the hazard lev-els or mitigate the risk of arc flash events has received relatively little attention.This paper, through a simple graphic, will provide information on five distinctmethods that have been successfully applied in arc flash mitigation solutions

9:25 AMTraining a Multi-Generational Workforce

E. Cullen; SSI, Chattaroy, WAA recently released study from the National Academies of Science warned thatwe are facing The Great Crew Change in most if not all of our skilled labor indus-tries. Mining is facing a dramatic change in make-up of the workforce as theaging Traditionals and the huge Baby Boomer generations retire, making wayfor Generations X and Y. As this change occurs, the workforce cultures are alsochanging to reflect the attitudes, goals, and beliefs of these younger workers.The transition brings with it much that is positive, but it also brings challenges.This presentation will examine generational differences, and explore how to usecultural and generational differences to create effective training for all employees, by making use of the strengths each generation.

This is the Technical Program as of September 15, 2013. IT IS SUBJECT TO CHANGE. Please see the Onsite Program for final details.

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TECHNICAL PROGRAM9:45 AMMineSAFE: Application and Extension of Serious Games for MineSafety Education

L. Brown; Mining & Geological Engineering, University of Arizona,Tucson, AZIn previous work, we developed a software platform to create 3D computergames for mine safety training. “Serious games” can promote critical thinkingthrough authentic game environments that contextualize learning and enablepersistent consequences for users actions. In this work, we discuss recent devel-opments in our MineSAFE platform, including new interaction capabilities andextensions for multi-player gaming. We outline game scenarios based on MSHAand NIOSH-sanctioned training materials, with a brief demonstration and feedback from recent usability tests.

10:05 AMExcellent Occupational Safety and Health Management inSoutheast Asian Mining Industries by Know-How Transfer

J. Kretschmann1 and N. Nguyen2; 1TFH Georg Agricola University,Bochum, Germany and 2Mining Management, Hanoi University ofMining and Geology, Hanoi, Viet NamSoutheast Asian countries cannot maintain their economic growth rate withoutthe development in their mining industries. Their sustainable development re-quires sound fundamentals to secure not only economic progress and environ-ment protection but also improvements in occupational safety and health (OSH)for employees. Mining industries in South East Asia are still very labor intense.Tremendous achievements from world class mining operations in advancedmining countries can be used as role models to improve the status quo of theSoutheast Asian countries in OSH management. Know-how transfer, therefore, isa key factor for major improvements. Effects of the transfer based on a multi-level approach will be discussed in the article based on a case study from theGerman hard coal mining industry. Crucial requisites for excellent achievementsin OSH in Southeast Asian mining countries are also mentioned.

10:25 AMMechanized Ground Support Design Using Safety Factor Analysisat the Turquoise Ridge Joint Venture, Nevada

L. Sandbak; Engineering, Barrick Gold, Golconda, NVThe TRJV mine consists of altered low strength rocks that uses the underhandcut and fill mining method. TRJV is mechanizing top cuts to eliminate hazards as-sociated with jackleg drilling such as heavy lifting, pinch points, closeness to ro-tating steel, noise, and exposure to ground fall hazards at the face. The previ-ously maximum topcut drift dimensions were 10’ High x 10’ Wide. Newbolter/jumbo units can safely operate in a 10’W x 12’H or larger sized openingsand limit miner exposure to loose rock caused by jackleg vibration and/or blast-ing damage at or near the rock face. The basis for the safety factor analysis is thesupport of a conservative “dead weight” of rock held in place by bolts in whichthe depth of failure is approximated as a wedge whose height is one-half of thespan (Pakalnis, 2008). Pull testing shows that the bolt bond strength is highlydependent on the rock mass rating or RMR (Bieniawski, 1976) Arched back pro-files can double the calculated safety factor. A comparison of numbers of boltsand lengths needed to maintain a safety factor of at least 1.5 is examined to determine the minimum bolt support needed in the larger proposed drift sizes.

MINING & EXPLORATION:Operations: Applications of Discrete System

Simulation in Mining II9:00 AM • Wednesday, February 26

Chair: E. Tarshizi, University of Nevada, Reno, Reno, NV

9:00 AMIntroductions

9:05 AMUsing a Discrete System Simulation and Animation Model of aCoal Mine to Increase Equipment Efficiency and ReduceEnvironmental Impact

E. Tarshizi1, V. Ibarra1, D. Taylor1 and J. Sturgul2; 1Mine Systems Optimization and Simulation Laboratory, Mining and MetallurgicalEngineering Dept., University of Nevada, Reno, NV and 2School ofCivil, Environmental and Mining Engineering, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, AustraliaThis paper demonstrates the application of a mine system simulation and anima-tion model in enhancing the efficiency of a truck-shovel operation and reducingthe haulage environmental impact in an open-cut coal mine. In any mine, a keyobjective is to have enough equipment for production and not have excess towhere it is counterproductive. Due to the advent of responsible mining, environ-mental regulations, and eco-friendly practices, these factors must also be consid-ered in the analysis. The over-trucked situation at the mine excavators will bediscussed, i.e. when the number of trucks exceeds the optimum number of trucksa mine should have for the most productive/profitable mining operation. Whenthe system has an excess number of trucks, equipment utilization is reducedwhich impacts mine operating and capital costs and also the environment,through unnecessary truck purchase, energy use, air and noise pollution etc. Acase study of a surface coal mine in Spain has been used for the simulation model.

9:25 AM3D Modeling and Simulation of Operations in a Surface MineSystem using Simio Simulation SoftwareJ. Munoz Mata; Simu Network, Seville, SpainEffective mine design and planning is the key for the success of any mining proj-ect and its operations. It is always vital to manage and control the risks of in-creasing operating costs during the different stages of mining operations. Rapidchanges in metal markets, economical swings affecting manufacturers, globalconsumption, and the development of new technologies that can change the eco-nomical perception of value for specific materials will lead the need of improve-ments and processes optimization in mines. Modeling using simulation is wellrecognized as an important methodology for analyzing complex and expensivesystems. Considering mining (operation & capital) costs, mine system simula-tion method is a great example of discrete-event system simulation applications.This paper discusses the use of Simio in a mining project as a case study. Simio isthe most advanced of the latest generation of 3D, Object Oriented Modeling andSimulation software. This model helps engineers and executives to achieve themost effective possible mine design and planning, optimal assets allocation, aswell as financial risk control in case of unexpected or critical events in the mine.

9:45 AMDiscrete Simulations Quantifying the Effects of MaterialHandling Conveyors in Series or Parallel Oreflow Streams

K. Shelswell; Labrecque Technologies Inc., Sudbury, ON, CanadaComparison of oreflow efficiency on material handling conveyor systems.

10:05 AMShuttle Car Network Model for Roadway Development

E. Baafi1, I. Porter2 and D. Cai3; 1University of Wollongong, Wollongong, NSW, Australia; 2University of Wollongong, Wollongong,NSW, Australia and 3University of Wollongong, Wollongong, NSW, AustraliaIn longwall mining at least two parallel roadways known as gateroads are minedto delineate the sides of the longwall block, with a longwall installation face thendriven connecting them to enable the longwall mining equipment to be installed.

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TECHNICAL PROGRAMThe main mine access roadways and gateroads in longwall mines are minedwith a continuous miner. Besides the cutting process by the continuous miner,two other major operations are essential at the development face: the transportof the mined coal to a belt conveyor and the stabilization of the roof by themeans of bolts. The transportation is commonly carried out by shuttle cars. Theshuttle car discharges the coal into a breaker feeder once it reaches the boot endand then returns to the continuous miner for the next load. One of the major de-lays associated with roadway development is caused by shuttle cars because ofits stop-start nature. Shuttle car travelling route is normally constraint by themine’s roadway layout. This paper presents simulations of various designstrategies which can be considered at the design stage to minimize the cycletime of a shuttle car.

MINING & EXPLORATION:Operations: My First Five Years

in Mining Operations9:00 AM • Wednesday, February 26

Chairs: J. Newman, UtahAmerican Energy, Price, UT C. Weaver, KGHM International, Ruth, NV

9:00 AMIntroductions

9:05 AMExperience with the Division of Oil, Gas, & Mining

J. Owen; State of Utah, Division of Oil, Gas, & Mining, Salt Lake City, UTThe first five years in mining operations have included primarily regulatorywork in the Utah coal industry. This has given the presenter exposure to multi-ple mines and mining operations. Through this exposure the presenter has seenand compared various methodologies and approaches to mine management, op-erations, permitting, and reclamation. The five basic points of advice to new en-gineers are: exhaust your options, don’t dismiss any opportunity without re-search; continue your education, this leads to advancement; be adaptable, do notoverspecialize; build relationships, networking is critical; and find balance in ca-reer and personal life. Each of the point’s site personal experience and lessonslearned by the presenter.

9:25 AMTrial By Fire: An Introduction into Geotechnical Engineering

J. Miller; KGHM International, Ruth, NVI am currently a Geotechnical Engineer with KGHM International, at theRobinson Mine in Ely, Nevada. I graduated from South Dakota School of Mines in‘10 with a B.S. degree in Geological Engineering. Upon graduation I was offered afull time position at the Robinson Mine, a location where I had been a summerintern since ‘07. Like most graduates, I had expected my introduction to thework environment would be typical, where I would work under an experiencedengineer for a certain time before advancing. However, I was suddenly thrustinto a unique situation when the only other Geotechnical Engineer quit a fewshort months into my first year. Overnight I had to take on the responsibility ofmanaging the department. From the beginning I not only had to handle slopefailures, mitigation plans, drilling programs, monitoring equipment, budgets,and consultants, but I had to learn to build good working relationships with allthe various departments I interacted with. My presentation will focus on myunique experiences and challenges that I have faced, and also how I have usedthese experiences to grow as a professional and develop the necessary skills thataren’t taught in a classroom.

9:45 AMHow to Make an Underground Geologist in Nevada Mining

W. Shumway; Barrick Gold Cortez Mine, Crescent Valley, NVI have moved around to several positions in the Underground at Cortez, fromDrill Development to Ore Control to Production Modeling. These positions havetaught me all about our deposit, the mining method we use and how it differsfrom other mines, and the team that does each different job around the site. Thetime I have spent at Cortez has been working with all different departments indifferent areas all over the mine site.

10:05 AMFrom the Virtual World to Reality

F. Prince; New Gold, Inc., Kamloops, BC, CanadaUpon graduating from the University of Utah in 2009, I took a job at MaptekNorth America. My work with Maptek gave me exposure to some of the largestmining operations in the world, as well as cutting edge technologies. I worked oneverything from oil sands pit to block cave lift design, travelling all over NorthAmerica to do so. After two years of consulting and training work, I moved toNew Gold’s New Afton project in Kamloops, British Columbia, Canada, where thedeclines were just being completed. I was heavily involved in the design and ex-ecution of the footprint development, and saw it through to production. The dy-namic project phase has given way to the rigors of producing at the name platevalue of 11,000 tonnes per day and above. Throughout the process I have beenthe development planner, and planning the development and production on theextraction level of any block cave is a feat. I have had to communicate well withdifferent stake holders and have grown significantly in the process. I am now ateam leader overseeing all short term development and production as well asmy other long term duties. My first five years have been a journey from the virtual world to reality.

10:25 AMTransitioning From School to the Real World

T. Thetford; Freeport McMoran Copper and Gold, Hurley, NMThe experiences I would like to share include the transition from school to a joband how life intertwines with work. This includes what it is like to have to relocate upon graduation and how to juggle getting married and starting a newjob. Other important experiences include what it is like to transition from engineering into operations and vice versa.

10:45 AMLessons for New Engineers from a Mine Regulator

P. Brinton; Utah Division of Oil, Gas & Mining, Salt Lake City, UTMr. Brinton will summarize his experiences as an engineer and reclamation spe-cialist for both federal and state agencies, and will discuss the associated chal-lenges and opportunities. Mine engineers with experience in mine regulationhave practical knowledge and valuable perspective through exposure to numer-ous and diverse mining operations, reclamation scenarios, permitting require-ments, and environmental issues. Using personal experiences from his career todate as examples, Mr. Brinton will relate some of the lessons he has learned (andcontinues to learn), such as the following: 1) Finding purpose in our work be-yond the size of our paycheck brings greater satisfaction, 2) Doing the jobs thatno one else wants to do can leads us to greater opportunities, 3) Balance be-tween our work and non-work life help us avoid burning out, 4) We should learnhow to learn now, so that we are ready and eager to learn for the rest of ourlives, and 5) Learning to view problems from another’s perspective can enableus to be more effective at reaching solutions. Mr. Brinton will also provide somegeneral tips for those who work with mine regulators.

MINING & EXPLORATION:Operations: Underground Mine Ventilation

9:00 AM • Wednesday, February 26Chair: A. Martikainen, NIOSH, Pittsburgh, PA

9:00 AMIntroductions

9:05 AMCombined System Simulation of Cooling and Ventilation for theWorld`s Deepest Mine

H. van Antwerpen1, D. Viljoen3, J. Greyling2 and W. van der Meer3;1Mechanical Engineering, North-West University, Potchefstroom,South Africa; 2AngloGold Ashanti, Potchefstroom, South Africa and3M-Tech Industrial, Potchefstroom, South AfricaAngloGold Ashanti operates the world`s deepest mine, Mponeng gold mine, inSouth Africa. A vast refrigeration and ventilation system provides acceptableworking conditions 3800m below surface at 60°C rock temperature. In such asystem, optimisation becomes very difficult. With that in mind, a research

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TECHNICAL PROGRAMproject was launched to determine whether recently developed system simula-tion technology can be applied to a mine as vast and complex as Mponeng.Using the techniques and methods as implemented in FLOWNEX software, itwas indeed proven to be possible to do a mine-wide combined simulation of airflow, psychrometry and refrigeration water systems. Interactions between thevarious streams included heat transfer, pressure drop, evaporation and con-densation. The simulation model was used in a parametric study to test variousflow and temperature operating points for the refrigeration system. It wasfound that, given current limitations, the mine refrigeration system is runningfairly close to optimal but with some opportunities for improvement. The simu-lation model also provided useful insight for future changes or extensions tothe system.

9:25 AMEffect of Barometric Pressure Changes on Fan Performance andAir Leakage

V. Gangrade and F. Calizaya; University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UTBarometric pressure changes have long been known as a factor that may influ-ence conditions in underground mines. Studies have been conducted in twoareas in which variations in barometric pressure affect conditions in mines: (1)fan performance, and (2) leakage into and out of sealed areas. These changes inpressure can result in either larger emissions of undesirable gases into mineworkings and/ or ingress of air to sealed areas with high propensity to sponta-neous combustion. This study presents the results of a set of experiments con-ducted at University of Utah coal mine model set up to investigate the effect ofbarometric pressure changes on main fan performance and air leakage into asimulated mine gob. Fan performance and flow characterization experimentswere conducted under various atmospheric conditions i.e. diurnal pressurechanges, storm fronts, low and high pressure weather systems and seasonalvariations. The results are reported in this paper.

9:45 AMHeat, Humidity, and Gas Emission from Diesel EquipmentUnderground

W. Asante, C. Lu, D. Bahrami and G. Danko; Mining Engineering, University of Nevada, Reno, Reno, NVSince the introduction of diesel equipment in underground mining in the US, ithas been on an upsurge trend. High-powered diesel engines are used extensivelyfor its high efficiency and safety of operation. The problem with diesel power isthat the exhaust gas is environmentally unfriendly. It is impossible to know theactual exposure of a mine worker to inhaling harmful exhaust gas species by di-rect measurement due to the high variation of emission concentration around amoving diesel machine, and the movement of the workers as well. The paper dis-cusses how the heat, humidity and gas emissions like CO, CO2, NOx, SO2 andDPM from diesel equipment are spread in the underground ventilation network.The transport of gases and submicron aerosols associated with diesel exhaustare modeled using a mine ventilation software code MULTIFLUX with calibrateddispersion coefficients. The paper focuses on the source term from the diesel engine and the various contaminant species which are input to the emissiontransport model in the ventilation network. An example is given with compari-son between model results and field measurements in an operating mine.

10:05 AMDiffusion, Convection, and Advection Transport of GasTransients in Mine Airways

C. Lu, W. Asante, D. Bahrami and G. Danko; Mining Engineering, University of Nevada, Reno, Reno, NVIt is important to understand, model, and predict the variation in concentrationof each species of air contaminant gases in mine airways with time during tran-sients. The paper reviews the current status of advances in modeling the haz-ardous gasses in mine airways. Transport of the contaminant gases in the con-fined environment can occur due to: (1) advection by forced ventilation, (2)natural convection, (3) dispersion along the length of the concentration front,and transversal diffusion in a cross-section of the airway. A CFD model is appliedto a mine airway with a three-dimensional geometry downstream a dieselequipment. A correlation function is determined between the air velocity andthe dispersion coefficient. The results are compared to concentration measure-ments taken at an operating mine from diesel equipment as a contaminantsource. The results are evaluated against a recently established correlation func-tion obtained for different contaminant source geometry. The new results areapplicable for evaluating the spread of aerosol and other gaseous species usingsimplified, ordinary mine ventilation model without the need for a CFD model.

10:25 AMBenefits and Experience with Sensor Monitored Ventilation(SMV) in an Underground Mining Operation

A. Rai; Support Group-Technical Services, Barrick Turquoise Ridge Inc., Winnemucca, NVVentilation on Demand (VOD) has the potential to contribute to the long term vi-ability of ventilation/safety in mining operations and further contribute to theon-going success of respective businesses. Barrick Turquoise Ridge Inc has initi-ated limited VOD with our management support and has shown significant ad-vantages. This paper will discuss customized sensor monitored ventilation(SMV) automation in mine operations to differentiate from the large scale VODand focus on the smaller scale practical benefits of sensors without the multi-million dollar VOD investments. The paper will also review economics, instru-mentation (including fiber, leaky-feeder, LAN, Wi-Fi etc) and maintenance sideof the sensor monitored ventilation (SMV).

10:45 AMCase Study – Testing Different PVC Plastic Ducts for AuxiliaryVentilation Underground Mining Operation

A. Rai; Barrick Turquoise Ridge Inc, Winnemucca, NVHistorically, Auxiliary ventilation has always been a challenge with limited airquantity in dead-end entry or working face. The potential to have low frictionalfactor, low physical constraint and minimum leakage ventilation duct would beideal for ventilation professional. The PVC duct long life potential to overall op-erational ease and reduced total cost of ownership further contribute to the on-going success. This paper will discuss different PVC duct tested undergroundand the final results from operational and technical side.

11:05 AMEvaluation of Pressure Losses at Main Fan Installations Using CFD

M. Mehdi, V. Gangrade and F. Calizaya; University of Utah, Salt LakeCity, UTVentilation surveys conducted at various underground coal mines have shownthat high energy losses (in the order of 30%) are recorded at and around themain fan installation. These losses are mainly due to excessive turbulence in theexhaust shaft, inadequate shaft collar- fan inlet duct design, and inadequate dif-fuser design and installation. The problem has been investigated using ANSYSFluent and CFX software. The geometry of an exhaust fan was first constructedand the required boundary conditions defined, then, the resulting model exe-cuted and the pressure profiles evaluated. Once the model was validated withfield measurements, the model was used to conduct parametric studies to deter-mine the effect of factors such as inlet duct bend radius, geometry of inlet-outlettransition cones, diffuser angle, etc. on energy losses. The results of these studiesare reported in this paper.

MINING & EXPLORATION:Technology: Open Pit Innovations I

9:00 AM • Wednesday, February 26Chair: L. Clark, Independent Consultant, Golden, CO

9:00 AMIntroductions

9:05 AMBenchManager, the Shovel Operator’s Personal Assistant:Converged Technologies Improve Operator Awareness, Leading to Increased Performance and Safety

G. Trainor; Wenco Mining Systems, Richmond, BC, CanadaShovel operators are being tasked with an increasing number of responsibilities.As their responsibilities grow, so it seems, does the number of technologies thatthey are asked to interact with. They need a fleet management system to trackproduction, monitor their loading efficiencies and report on Key PerformanceIndicators. They need a High Precision GNSS to monitor floor elevation.Precision bucket positioning systems are added to help maintain proper deliv-ery of material to meet quality requirements. They need a payload system to cal-culate the appropriate tonnage loaded in the trucks. They have the onboard

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TECHNICAL PROGRAMPLCs to monitor equipment health and proper machine operation. Vehicle safetysystems to detect and avoid accidents are being installed on the machines. Thislist goes on; fatigue monitoring, shovel tooth detection, rear and side view cam-eras… BenchManager is Wenco’s converged shovel interface, using a singlescreen to show fleet management status and production, high-precision floorcontrol and material quality control, vehicle position awareness, and events andalarms for any other 3rd party onboard systems.

9:25 AMHow to Efficiently Run an Electric Rope Shovel with Grid PowerLimitations

M. Brandt; Caterpillar, South Milwaukee, WICaterpillar’s exclusive Power Demand Management System for 7495 SeriesElectric Rope Shovels allows the lowest cost per ton loading tool to efficientlyoperate in spite of electrical infrastructure challenges. This patented energystorage and power management technology reduces the number of generatorsrequired to run an electric rope shovel, giving mines the option of productionwithout grid power. Additionally, this technology lowers the machine’s peakpower requirement, resulting in more alternatives when mines plan for power.This innovative technology allows mines to achieve ultra class operating costs ina more expansive set of applications.

9:45 AMReducing Costs with Real Waste Dumping Optimization

S. Craig; Orelogy Group Pty Ltd, Perth, WA, AustraliaGenerally speaking, haulage costs make up approximately 40% to 50% of theoverall costs of a mine, a significant number and to generate generate economichaul age routes is significant and complex challenge especially when consideringvariables and conflicting objectives. Traditionally methods employed to solvethis problem are very hands-on, extremely time consuming (people buried inspreadsheets), information more often than not is averaged for ease of handling.Often, the process is generally disjoined, with one stage of the production sched-ule being completed without any real connection to a waste optimisation strat-egy. Some systems have gone part way to addressing this issue, however thispresentation will demonstrate an integrated, dynamic approach to solving thisproblem, addressing waste allocation policies, destinations, cycle time & pro-ductivities whilst simultaneously developing the production schedule. Theprocess uses Evorelution which can focus on trucks, how productive they are,how many are required and the resultant impact on haulage costs. Evorelution isa holistic, block-by-block scheduler, hence it maintains the necessary granularity to achieve optimal results.

10:05 AMUsing Proximity/Object Detection to Increase ShovelProductivity in the Open Pit Mine

E. Hsieh; Joy Global, Milwaukee, WIProximity detection is currently a popular topic for open pit mining operatorsand is often used interchangeably with the term object detection. Typically, thecommonly understood primary purpose of both is for machine-to-object colli-sion detection, e.g. between an electric rope shovel and a haul truck. This pres-entation will provide an overview of how proximity detection in the open pitmine can be used effectively as an operator assist strategy to improve diggingproduction through enforcement of best practices. Although it is normallythought of first as a safety tool proximity detection also serves as a step towardfull automation when combined with object avoidance.

10:25 AMThe Evolution of Land Survey

S. Schiele; Metal Mining Consultants, Highlands Ranch, CO3D Laser Scanning is quickly becoming recognized as an essential tool for minesurveyors. Laser scanners are capable of long-range scanning over 4,000 feetand can be utilized for mining applications such as; face advance surveys, stock-pile surveys, leach pad surveys, Tailings dam surveys, high wallmovement/slope stability surveys and geotechnical mapping. These surveys canbe completed more safely, efficiently and accurately with a laser scanner com-pared to traditional survey methods. Scanning from stationary tripods is nolonger required when using a truck mounted mobile laser scanning unit. Mobilemapping units provide refuge from hazardous conditions in the field and allowsurveyors to process the data on the fly with an in cab computer system.Collected data can be visually inspected insuring that a complete scan of the tar-get has been achieved. Once the scan is complete, a Digital Terrain Model can beproduced in minutes and delivered to the engineers.

MINING & EXPLORATION:Technology: Will Your Equipment

Communicate? I9:00 AM • Wednesday, February 26

Chair: M. Armstrong, Caterpillar, Inc., South Milwaukee, WI

9:00 AMIntroductions

9:05 AMOn-equipment Communications at Teck

P. Cunningham; Information Systems and Technology, Teck Resources Limited, Elkford, BC, CanadaTeck Information Services have deployed a centrally managed and security-seg-mented network covering hundreds of square kilometers of mountainous ter-rain across all surface mining operations. This network pervades the mine andhas been extended into the cab of all surface mining equipment providing a plat-form for integrating future technologies and vendor products as software ratherthan hardware. This ubiquitous connectivity also creates opportunities to fusesensory data and user interfaces.

9:25 AMTechnology: Turn Key vs. Open Systems in Mining

R. Frazier; Caterpillar Corp, Denver, COIn today’s ever increasing use of technology in the mining industry, customersare presented with a confusing collection of vendors, technologies, solutions,protocols, and interfaces. The purpose of this presentation is to layout the cur-rent landscape of mining technologies, how do open systems play in this space,and what can we learn from history. In addition, industry best practices on howto implement a successful technology project, how to simplify your pit to port in-tegration requirements, and create a foundation for automation. And lastly,looking forward to how the mining technology industry will evolve and grow inthe coming decade.

9:45 AMJoy Global Mining Equipment Communications Tools

B. Hicks; Joy Global Inc, Mesa, AZJoy Global understands in order to be a world class provider of mining equip-ment in a global market; your equipment must be connected. Mining customersare global and understand the value of extracting data from all types of miningequipment to be utilized in fleet management, health and reporting tools. JoyGlobal has embraced open standard protocols, such as OPC-DA,OPC-AE &Ethernet/IP, published protocols such as Modular Mining’s RPC (Serial &Ethernet) messages, and customized solutions such as WebServices & XML tosolve a variety of customer machine data needs and infrastructures. When JoyGlobal developed the Centurion Control system, we utilized open protocols tocommunicate information from onboard the equipment to off board systems.Since then the Centurion Control system has evolved and today our equipmentcommunicates utilizing modern open protocols. Joy Global is committed to part-nering with our customers to develop solutions that allow for the continuallyevolving communication needs of the global mining industry.

10:05 AMThe Obstacles and Solutions in Creating an Integrated MineManagement Systems Solution for Simultaneous Connectivity toMultiple 3rd Party Applications

V. Hui; 3D-P, Denver, COTasked with creating or updating an integrated mine management systems solu-tion, mine operators often run into legacy equipment challenges. Examples in-clude applications not originally designed for wireless connectivity, applicationsdesigned to connect via modem to a legacy network rather than today’s IP net-works or modern applications that are designed to communicate specificallyover the application vendor’s provided network. This presentation will explorethe common pitfalls and suggested solutions of implementing a mine-wide wire-less network for simultaneous connectivity to multiple 3rd party applications.There will be a brief discussion on the pros & cons of existing radio options in-cluding LTE in the mining space. This presentation focuses on the integration of

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TECHNICAL PROGRAMIT into mining to meet business objectives and project goals, achieving higherproduction, lower costs and/or increased health & safety. Existing mines with-out hom*ogenous equipment, software and systems can use this information tobuild on top of and future-proof their existing technology strategy. Greenfieldsor brownfields sites can use this presentation to create their 5 to 10 year technology road map.

10:25 AMWhat Do We Do with All That Data?

D. Fisk; Honeywell Inc., Guelph, ON, CanadaOur mobile heavy equipment have become very intelligent. All of the equipmentnow has a plethora for sensors, and systems on board to measure everythingfrom coolant temperature and driver fatique. Yet there are still very many quesi-tons being asked about how to access that data, and what to do with it once cap-tured. This paper highlights the experience that Honeywell has had with some ofour customers, looking at some of the issues with real time data collection frommobile equipemnt and how they are able to use it to help optimization and utilization of their fleets.

Research at Universities9:00 AM • Wednesday, February 26

Chair: M. Poulton, Universitiy of Arizona, Tucson, AZMadan M. Singh, Bureau of Land Management, Battle Mountain, NV

9:00 AMIntroductions

9:05 AMQuantitative Justification Model for Investment in Data-DrivenSystems in the Mining Industry

W. Rogers and S. Dessureault; Mining and Geological Engineering,University of Arizona, Tucson, AZJustifying investment in data-driven technologies, particularly data warehouses(DW) can be difficult since a data warehouse provides the option, not the obliga-tion, to invoke improvement initiatives, such as Mine to Mill programs, ActivityBased Costing, or even Balanced Scorecard performance management solutions.A data warehouse simply lowers the costs of these initiatives and increases theireffectiveness and sustainability. However, simply having a data or a data ware-house does not result in using it. A valuation model for this ‘Big Data’ infrastruc-ture would necessitate calculating both the utilization rate of granular data, aswell as quantifying the value and the likelihood of success of improvement ini-tiatives. Modern data warehouses can track the level of utilization of theBusiness Intelligence (BI) tools, as well as the improvements in performancedue to using the BI. A quantitative model is presented that incorporates utilization rates of industrial data warehouses across several companies and theconsequential improvements in performance in proportion to use.

9:25 AMEvaluation of Corrosion Problem in Heating Elements

S. Vadiraja; Metallurgical and Materials Engineering, Montana Tech ofthe University of Montana, Butte, MTCorrosion problem associated with the domestic electric heating elements thatfailed after a few years of use but before their expected service life was investi-gated. The investigation mainly involved visual examination and SEM studies in-cluding EDX (Energy-Dispersive X-ray analysis) analysis. Based on the experi-mental findings it was revealed that the premature failure was mainly attributedto general type of corrosion of (resulting in short-circuiting) the heating elements due to the formation of magnesium and calcium based salts over a period of time.

9:45 AMMining Engineering Research – To Be, or Not to Be

Mary M. Poulton, University of Arizona, Tucson AZWe discuss the state of public universities in the context of flat to declining publicfinancial support and the changing role of the research mission. We put the fu-ture of mining academe in the context of the changing university model, thehealth of mining engineering research, demographics of academic departments,

and the role of public-private partnerships and multi-university teaching collabo-ration. We have previously predicted that new research funding on the order of$2 million per year would be required to sustain the current size of the US miningengineering university departments and graduate enrollment would have to in-crease 75% to meet tenure expectations. We will look at different models to sus-tain core mining engineering competency in universities. All this leads us to thequestion whether mining engineering research will be…. or not be.

10:05 AMAddressing the Environmental Research Needs of theAppalachian Energy Industry

John R. Craynon and Michael E. Karmis, Virginia Center for Coal andEnergy Research, Virginia TechCoal mining has been challenged by allegations about the environmental im-pacts ranging from water discharge from coal mines irreparably damagingaquatic and terrestrial ecosystems to severe health impacts from coal miningsuch as cancer and baby/infant disease and mortality to metabolic diseases suchas diabetes. To address these issues, major Appalachian coal producers and es-sential coal infrastructure companies, working with the Virginia Center for Coaland Energy Research (VCCER) at Virginia Tech, took a new approach: create acadre of researchers to develop the science upon which to base industry prac-tice, regulations, policies and community involvement. This led to the formationof the Appalachian Research Initiative for Environmental Science (ARIES), whichis conducting independent academic research into the environmental, social andhealth issues related to energy production in Appalachia with the goal of con-ducting and publishing peer-reviewed science for the benefit of all stakeholders.ARIES involves both faculty and student researchers from nine institutionsacross the region. This paper will discuss ARIES and the multi-disciplinary re-search being conducted to address the needs of the industry, regulatory agenciesand the public, to ensure that the energy demands of the nation are met whileprotecting the environment and enhancing communities in Appalachia.

10:25 AMSynthetic Biology and the Future of Mining

Patrick Nee, Universal Bio Mining, LLC, Tucson, AZMicroorganisms are factories for complex chemicals such as proteins and en-zymes. Because all forms of life co-evolved with the metals and molecules in-volved in mining processes, there are many mechanisms by which life utilizes ordefends itself from them. Our increasing understanding and control over livingorganisms allows us to rationally design biological molecules and systems to in-teract with the chemistry of leaching, separation, and remediation. Thesebiosynthesized molecules can then be produced by microbial factories, either in-situ or ex-situ, and applied to mining processes.

10:45 AMNew Non-explosive Tool for Bolder Busting Using ElectricDischarge Impulse Crushing System (EDICS)

Dr. Vilem Petr, Colorado School of Mines, Golden, CO 80401Increasing pressure on environmental and production in mining and related in-dustries has led to the investigation into methods of excavation that will reducethe impacts on the surrounding environment during daily operation. TheJapanese company Hitachi Zosen (HITZ) has developed a new fracturing technol-ogy the company calls Electric Discharge Impulse Crushing System (EDICS).EDICS uses electrical and chemical energy to produce a pressure impulse in aborehole that can be used to fracture rock and reinforced concrete. The down-hole charge of EDICS uses a cartridge of nitromethane to enhance the fracturingperformance. In Japan the EDICS technology has been classified as a non-explo-sive method of fracturing. Nitromethane is classified as a flammable liquid fuel inthe United States and it is used in racing fuels [1]. Historically nitromethane hasbeen shown to detonate, but only under specific conditions [2][3]. This paper re-ports on recent experimental testing of EDICS conducted by AXPRO at ColoradoSchool of Mines, which verifies that EDICS is a non-explosive technology

11:05 AMCharacterization of Mini Agriculture Grade Ammonium Nitrate Prills

Erica Lotspeich, Colorado School of Mines, Golden, CO 80401Ammonium nitrate (AN) is commonly used as a fertilizer and is the fundamentalingredient of industrial explosives [1]. It has been observed that one of the mostimportant factors that effect explosive performance of ammonium nitrate andfuel oil is the prills volume of porosity. The large amount of porosity identified inexplosive grade AN prills allows for an absorption rate between 12-16%. While,

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TECHNICAL PROGRAMthe agriculture grade ammonium nitrate prills are manufactured with an in-creased density and thus, have an absorption rate between 7-8%. In this study,we explore a mini agriculture grade ammonium nitrate prill, as this type of ANprill has not been characterized before, to determine its effectiveness as an ex-plosive material. In order to determine how effective this agriculture grade prillis as an explosive, this miniprill is compared to an explosive grade AN prill. Thisstudy observes and records its morphology and blasting performance as relatedto an explosive grade ammonium nitrate prill. Based upon instrumentationanalysis, preliminary results indicate, as expected, that the miniprill does have amore dense structure. Although, the decrease in fuel oil content that comes witha decrease in porosity has been observed, it demonstrates to be almost negligi-ble as compared to the increase in velocity of detonation from the increase incharge density.

Wednesday, February 26 Afternoon

COAL & ENERGY:Coal Preparation II

2:00 PM • Wednesday, February 26Chairs: B. Arnold, Preptech, Inc., Apollo, PA

D. Tao, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY

2:00 PMIntroductions

2:05 PMEvaluation of a New Air Table and Flip Flow Screen for DrySeparation of Fine Coal

H. Akbari, L. Ackah, X. Yang, M. Mohanty and A. Esmaeeli; Mining andMineral Resources Engineering, Southern Illinois University at Carbondale, Carbondale, ILDry coal beneficiation methods have generated renewed interest in the scien-tific and operating coal communities due to scarcity of water in many parts ofthe world and the environmental impacts of wet coal preparation methods.Commercially available dry separation technologies, such as air table and air jighave proven effective in cleaning only coarser (+ 1/4 inch) size coal. A propri-etary Airtable developed at Southern Illinois University (SIU) Carbondale ex-tends the effectiveness of dry coal cleaning to the particle size range, as fine as1 mm. The prototype SIU Airtable consists of a 24 inch x 48 inch separationdeck having very fine perforations for fluidization air. The deck is equippedwith adjustable riffles, six air chambers and a vibration mechanism. A computa-tional fluid dynamics (CFD)-based model is used to simulate and adjust some ofthe specific design parameters of the SIU Airtable. The overall fine coal cleaningperformance will be a function of the effective density-based separationachieved from the emerging SIU Airtable technology and the dry screening effi-ciency of the commercially available Liwell flip-flow Screen, being evaluated inthis investigation.

2:25 PMStudy of Fine Lignite Particles Separating Using a Vibrated Gas-fluidized Bed

Y. Zhao, Z. Luo, S. Song, C. Duan, P. Zhao, X. Yang, J. Li and D. Shi; ChinaUniversity of Mining & Technology, Xuzhou, ChinaLignite is a kind of easy-to-slime and low rank coal. It is hard to be segregated byconventional wet coal beneficiation technologies. Meanwhile, improvement ofcoal mining mechanization increases the content of -6 mm fine lignite particles,which causes the great difficult for lignite beneficiation and upgrading. In thispaper, a vibrated gas-fluidized bed was used to study the -6 mm fine lignite par-ticles. Separation tests of -6+3 mm and -3+1 mm lignite were done in the vi-brated gas-fluidized bed model of laboratory. Apparent air velocity, vibration in-tensity, bed height and exterior water content were studied to verify theseparation effect. Results show that the best separation effect was achievedwhen the apparent air velocity is 0.3, vibration intensity is 1.4, bed height is 50mm, exterior water content is below 4% (-6+3 mm) and 2% (-3+1 mm). And theprobably error E values of -6+3 mm and -3+1 mm size fraction of lignite are0.202 and 0.225 respectively. Research results indicate that a vibrated gas-fluidized bed can be an effective segregation method for -6 mm lignite.

2:45 PMPilot-scale Evaluation of an Emerging Drying Technology forFine Coal Drying

M. Mohanty1, X. Yang1, L. Ackah1, G. Luttrell2, R. Bratton2 and B. McDaniel3; 1Mining and Mineral Resources Engineering, SouthernIllinois University Carbondale, Carbondale, IL; 2Mining and MineralsEngineering, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA and 3Nano Drying Technology LLC., Beckley, WVA simple analysis for a typical coal preparation plant operating in Illinois showsthe possibility of increasing the overall plant yield by 3.3% if the moisture con-tent of the fine clean coal product can be further reduced to below 10% levelfrom the typical 20% level. An emerging fine coal drying technology, developedby Nano Drying Technology LLC. was evaluated in pilot-scale in this study.NDT(TM) utilizes molecular sieves (beads) to absorb the excess moisture fromclean coal produced from fine coal circuits of operating plants. After allowingsufficient contact time, the soaked beads are screened off to produce dry cleancoal product. Two different fine clean coal samples: one screen-bowl centrifugeproduct and another disk filter product, were used in this experimental pro-gram. The disk filter product was used to conduct a parametric study using theBox-Behnken design to examine the main and interaction effects of three keyprocess variables of a pilot-scale NDT(TM) unit, such as bead to coal ratio, feedrate and the bead size. The test results obtained from this parametric study willbe reported in the publication/presentation.

3:05 PMFundamental Aspects of Fine Coal Filtration

J. Mejia, C. Lin and J. Miller; Metallurgical Engineering, University ofUtah, Salt Lake City, UTThe combination of high-resolution X-ray microtomography (HRXMT) imageanalysis and Lattice-Boltzmann Method (LBM) simulations has demonstratedthe ability to describe real multiphase flow problems in fine coal filtration. Thesingle component multiphase flow He-Chen-Zhang LBM model was used to sim-ulate filtration with actual HRXMT images of pore network structures producedin filtration experiments. The analysis performed on coal, silica, and glass beadfilter cakes showed that particle shape and wettability are two of the most important factors in the retention of moisture during filtration.

3:25 PMWater Coal Slurry Making with DSD Acid Production Wastewater

C. Sun, J. Kou and X. Duan; University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing, ChinaThe DSD acid oxidation wastewater is hard to be treated with traditional wastewater treatment technology due to its complex component, higher salt contentand lower biochemistry. In this study, DSD acid oxidation wastewater was usedfor water coal slurry preparation. The results indicated that the water coalslurry can be prepared with different concentrates of DSD acid oxidation waste-water and the density of water coal slurry is up to 70%, while its viscosity isabout 850-930 mPa.s, which can be perfectly jetted and burnt. Better propertiesof coal slurry were achieved by using higher density of DSD acid oxidationwastewater. The pollution components and characteristic group of DSD acid ox-idation wastewater were similar to the additives of water coal slurry, so it couldbe used as effective additive of water coal slurry. It is reasonable and feasible toprepare water coal slurry using DSD acid oxidation wastewater, meanwhile thecontamination problem of DSD acid oxidation wastewater was also solved.

3:45 PMWater Hardness and its Effects of Recirculating Coal Slurry inCoal Preparation Plants

Z. Mingqing; China University of Mining and Technology, Xuzhou, ChinaGypsum has been an effective flocculant to highly-argillized coal slurry. In orderto investigate the effect of gypsum on flotation and coal slurry settling duringcoal slurry recirculation, the water hardness and proton conductivity of coalslurry from different site in the slurry system were measured, and the effect ofslurry water quality on ash content of flotation clean coal and concentration ofthe overflow from thicker were discussed. The results show that, for any specificdetection point, the water hardness and proton conductivity increased sharplyat the beginning and then decreased to a level higher than the beginning. Thefarther the detection point apart from the gypsum inputting point, or the longerthe gypsum inputting time, the smaller the increase of the water hardness andproton conductivity was. For the flotation process, the ash content of clean coal

This is the Technical Program as of September 15, 2013. IT IS SUBJECT TO CHANGE. Please see the Onsite Program for final details.

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TECHNICAL PROGRAMindicated an increase from about 6.8% to 11.2% as the water hardness was in-creased from 18.4DH° to 75.2DH°. The regular fluctuation of the slurry waterquality did not have significant effect on the coal slurry concentration fromthicker.

4:05 PMInnovations in Coal Waste Disposal to Minimize Environmental Impacts

M. Rezaee and R. Honaker; Mining Engineering, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KYThe permanent placement of coal waste material generated from a preparationplant has historically involved using a portion of the coarse waste material togenerate impoundments or ponds that are used to hold the fine waste as deliv-ered in a slurry form. The remaining coarse waste is placed in separate fill areas.However, new regulatory policies and concerns with the environmental impactsof the conventional practices have led industry to implement new waste dis-posal methodologies. Co-disposal of the coarse and fine waste materials is be-coming a common practice in which the fine waste slurry is dewatered prior tomixing with the coarse refuse. Recent studies have also shown the benefit of fur-ther processing of the waste to separate minerals that are prone to release envi-ronmentally sensitive trace elements from those that are environmentallyharmless. In fact, the possibility exists to extract valuable materials such as rareearth elements from the waste material. Innovations in coal waste handling anddisposal that have been implemented in industry or being developed will be pre-sented and discussed in this publication.

4:25 PMA Method for Stable Coal Refuse Disposal

V. Gupta, C. Braun and T. Laros; Group Research & Product Review,FLSmidth Salt Lake City Inc., Midvale, UTCoal preparation plants typically generate coarse refuse that is dewatered onhigh fre-quency vibrating screens, and fine refuse that is thickened in a pastethickener, and sometimes followed by a filter press. The coarse and fine tailingsare combined on the refuse conveyor and sent to disposal. In many cases, finetailings are pumped to the tail-ing ponds due to poor dewatering characteristicseven after dewatering by filter press. The separate treatment of coarse and finerefuse increases the capital and operating ex-penditure at the plant.Furthermore, the fine tailings have poor consolidation character-istics and takeyears to allow for land reclamation. In this research, a new flowsheet is dis-cussed to combine the coarse and fine tailings before they are combined andcon-veyed to disposal. In this new method, the coarse tailings are crushed andcombined with a paste thickener underflow in a mixer. The mixed tailings in-stantly reach the un-drained shear strength of 2.5 KPa and meet the geotechni-cal liquid limit test. The de-tailed test results of this new flowsheet will be thediscussed in the paper.

COAL & ENERGY:Mine Emergency Response

2:00 PM • Wednesday, February 26Chair: T. Gray, Tetratech, Inc., Pittsburgh, PA

2:00 PMIntroductions

2:05 PMMine Disaster Crisis Management – From the Operational andLegal Perspectives

S. Gardner1, J. Zaluski1 and M. Rajkovich2; 1ECSI, LLC, Lexington, KYand 2Rajkovich, Williams, Kilpatrick & True, LLC, Lexington, KYThis paper will examine the issues, concerns and ramifications of a hypotheticalmine disaster and then present a systematic crisis management response fromthe operational and legal perspectives. While each situation is different, thereare general guidelines for forming an effective plan of action. The first concern,of course, in any disaster is the protection of human life. The next concern iswhether any assistance is needed on any front because of the magnitude of thesituation. A constant consideration is “damage control.” That is, keeping the fieldsituation and potential liability from getting worse, more complicated or both.

2:25 PMReorganization of Mine Rescue Services Scheme in Central Europe

J. Weyer and H. Mischo; Dept. of Mining Engineering, Technical University Bergakademie Freiberg, Freiberg, GermanyDue to the ongoing restructuring of the mining industry in central Europe with acontinuous decline of the number of large underground mines and collieries,and a simultaneous decline of staff numbers in the remaining mines, the estab-lished mine rescue schemes are endangered to collapse. With the end of themine rehabilitation at Wismut Uranium in 2014, the last remaining major minerescue teams in Saxony, providing basic mine rescue services for all other minesin the region, will disappear. This will leave a large number of small mines andother underground operations without capable mine rescue support. Since noneof these companies is able to set up a complete mines rescue unit on its own,new ways have to be found. Among others, the a central mine rescue team forcentral Germany as well as the assistance by special trained professional firefighters or mine rescue teams from abroad are discussed. Problems like locationof the central rescue team, financing, communication and transport have to besolved. This paper provides an overview over the complexity of the problem asan example for other mining regions worldwide and will discuss national andcross-national strategies.

2:45 PMMine Escape Vehicle (MEV) Proof-of-Concept Evaluation

S. Cotten and L. Giraldo; Raytheon UTD, Springfield, VADevelopment of a Mine Escape Vehicle (MEV) is motivated by the desire to en-able personnel to evacuate a mine rapidly as the first and most desirable re-sponse to any underground emergency. Under a 2008 NIOSH contract, RaytheonUTD developed a conceptual design for a vehicle that miners could use to facili-tate their rapid exit from an underground mine during an emergency. The vehi-cle requirements included the capacity to provide additional life support func-tions, operate in a low or no visibility atmosphere, and travel at speeds fasterthan miners could walk out of the mine. The resulting MEV concept was cen-tered upon retrofitting existing mine personnel carriers with available, mine-worthy equipment. In 2010, NIOSH issued a second contract to convert the MEVconcept into an actual vehicle for functional evaluation of the five integratedMEV subsystems (chassis, life support, guidance, navigation, and communica-tion) under both simulated and actual mining conditions. This paper summa-rizes the observations from MEV performance evaluations conducted first in anabove-ground mine training facility and then during six months of routine use inan underground coal mine.

3:05 PMThe Role of Student Mine Rescue Training in Today’s MiningEngineering Curriculum: A Case Study Establishing a StudentMine Rescue Team at the University of Freiberg, Germany

N. Henderson2, H. Mischo1 and J. Brune2; 1Department of Mining Engineering, Technical University Bergakademie Freiberg, Freiberg,Germany and 2Mining Engineering, Colorado School of Mines, Golden, COMany mining engineering graduates enter the mining industry as engineerswithout any experience in mine emergency management. Mining universities inthe U.S and other countries are forming volunteer student mine rescue teams totrain mining engineers in handling mine emergency situations and give themhands-on experience managing the potential emergency scenarios under-ground. This presentation takes a look at the unique obstacles TU BergakademieFreiberg in Germany faces creating a collegiate mine rescue team. Some of thesechallenges include the country-specific certifications required to wear breathingapparatus and the student team’s reliance on local professional mine rescueprograms for team support. Overcoming these differences in regulations and ob-stacles, the Colorado School of Mines Mine Rescue Program was modified to fitthe needs of TU Bergakademie Freiberg in order to expand their existing minerescue training course by developing an extended practical program that wouldbest prepare Freiberg students with this valuable knowledge before they beginworking in industry.

This is the Technical Program as of September 15, 2013. IT IS SUBJECT TO CHANGE. Please see the Onsite Program for final details.

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TECHNICAL PROGRAMCOAL & ENERGY:

Project Management for Coal Miners2:00 PM • Wednesday, February 26

Chair: N. LaBranche, BHP Billiton, Brisbane, QLD

2:00 PMIntroductions

2:05 PMBarbara “B” – Reactivation and Rehabilitation of a PreviouslyAbandoned Mine

R. Wagner; PBS Coals, Inc., Friedens, PABarbara “B” is a metallurgical grade, low volatile coal mine situated just outsideof Roxbury, Pennsylvania. Originally, this mine was abandoned and sealed in2006 due to increased costs and poor market conditions. Recently, RoxCoal (asubsidiary of Severstal Resources) decided to reopen this mine for its favorablecoal blending properties. The focus of this case study will be to review some ofpertinent steps in the rehabilitation of this brownfield project. Specifically, themine plan methodology and associated challenges including pit remediation,water handling, underground workings restoration, and driving through morethan 1,100 lineal feet of hard rock to access the reaming reserve body.

2:25 PMUnlocking Your Forgotten Treasure Chest: Older Companies’Often Overlooked Source of Cash

M. Furniss and J. Hayden; PBS Coals, Inc, Friedens, PAThe recent downturn in the domestic and international coal markets has putpressure on operators to reduce cost and identify additional sources of cash andrevenue. Operators with multiple legacy sites may have large amounts of moneytied up in overlooked bonds. This paper will outline how one such operator inPennsylvania was able to identify returns of over $7.5M in bond with a projectedcash investment of less than $200,000.

2:45 PMVetting Deep Mine Projects – Why So Many Companies Miss the Mark!

J. Hayden; PBS Coals, Inc, Friedens, PAAfter many years of performing economic evaluations for mining operations(mostly in the mid-west and recently in northern App), it is critically importantto establish a systematic, detailed and comprehensive approach that provides aninvestor (be it an owner or suitor) confidence in doing (or proceeding with) aproject. The approach need not be so complex that few understand, but certainlymust be comprehensive enough that a multi-million dollar decision can be madewith an adequate degree of confidence. It is my experience that many investorsperform well in just a few areas leaving several other areas under representedand therefore causing missed performance or high risk or both and ultimatelystranded assets . . . only to be sold to the next investor who ends up repeating thecycle.

3:05 PMThe Dos and Don’ts of Project Management for Coal Miners

N. LaBranche; BHP Billiton, Brisbane, QLD, AustraliaMuch of a mining engineer’s responsibility includes administering various proj-ects and the ability to manage a project successfully is an important skill for themining engineer’s toolbox. This introductory talk will provide an overview ofProject Management principles and methodology and provide some dos anddon’t to help in your career. A discussion of available resources, training and cer-tification to assist the engineer in the Project Management process and furtherproject management knowledge will be included. The presentations followingthis one will illustrate specific examples of coal mine project management andlessons learned.

3:25 PMA Plan for Transformation: Integrity Process

M. Bartkoski; Integrity Development Consultants Inc., Zanesville, OHToday’s companies are being pushed to a heightened level of excellence due tomarket challenges, therefore new business strategies must be explored. Thispresentation offers a sequenced plan to retool, empower, and energize the en-tire team for a common goal. Integrity Process is an operating system that isvery comprehensive and is integrated in every part of the business. It sows a de-tailed prevention concept intertwined with accountability that produces indi-vidual efficiencies and team effectiveness. It focuses on the importance betweenworking from commitment motives versus compliance fears. The results arebalanced in priority and truly yield a win-win for the owners, management,workforce, and the community. Integrity Process has been built over the last 25years and is an operating plan based on three Process Pillars. Each pillar Gathersinformation, Refines process, and Monitors results. There are 18 different man-agement techniques used to charge the continuos improvement GRM mechanics.When timely introduced and completely supported, safety along with productiv-ity results have been extremely strong. It is a proven system applicable in any industrial business setting.

3:45 PMProject Managment – An Out of the Box Approach to Mitigatingthe Needs of Operations, Permitting, and Engineering

J. Chlopek; Engineering, MEPCO, LLC, Morgantown, WVSurface facilities at a coal preparation/refuse disposal facility in West Virginia,requires multiple functions for its personnel and equipment to maximize itsoverall net efficiency. To be able to achieve this efficiency operations, permit-ting, accounting, and engineering must be able to work in unison. Usually, this isnot the case as each business component is not fully aware of the others.Operations perform in a manner that may or may not have guidance and supportfrom permitting and engineering, or vice versa. An effective approach to suc-cessful project management requires an understanding of how operations, per-mitting, and engineering function including their existing relationship to one an-other. Certain techniques and skills have been utilized to help each componentwork in unison. These skills include best management practices (BMP’s), inter-facing with federal and state regulators, working with operations, rationalizingengineering support, and being able effectively communication these processesto upper management for implication.

COAL & ENERGY:Ventilation Innovations

2:00 PM • Wednesday, February 26Chairs: D. Alexander, NIOSH, Pittsburgh, PA

K. Luxbacher, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA

2:00 PMIntroductions

2:05 PMA Large Eddy Simulation Model of Air flow and PollutantTransport in a Deep Open Pit Mine Under Arctic Inversion

K. Raj and S. Bandopadhyay; College of Engineering and Mines, University of Alaska Fairbanks, Fairbanks, AKAs open pit mines continues to grow deeper, the management of air pollutioncan become challenging. During arctic air inversion, the temperature of the airover the mine increases with altitude, and the cold, heavy, surface air is trappedin the pit. The problem is complex and any solution will require an extensive un-derstanding of the interactions of the aerodynamic movement of air, air inver-sion, meteorology, pollutant source, and transport phenomena in open pitmines. The development of computational fluid dynamics (CFD) has made hasmade it possible to get a better understanding of pollutant flow in open pitmines. Very few CFD studies have been reported in the published literature, es-pecially the Large Eddy Simulation (LES), on the contaminant transport in deepopen pit mine under arctic air inversion. This paper will present results from athree-dimensional LES model of contaminant transport in a deep open-pit mineunder arctic air inversion.

This is the Technical Program as of September 15, 2013. IT IS SUBJECT TO CHANGE. Please see the Onsite Program for final details.

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TECHNICAL PROGRAM2:25 PMAnalysis of Gob Response and its Effect on Permeability andPorosity Distributions During Active Mining

J. Marts, J. Brune and R. Gilmore; Mining Engineering, Colorado Schoolof Mines, Golden, COThe porosity and permeability distribution in the gob of longwall coal mine havedirect application to modeling the flow patterns and gas distributions behind theshields. Proper assessment of these distributions is crucial to properly assessventilation issues. Several techniques have been used by previous researchersand will be discussed. This paper presents the methodology used to model thesequential extraction of coal using FLAC3D. Using volumetric strain the porosityand permeability distributions in the gob can be determined. The model predictsan axisymmetric volumetric strain distribution with a shallower slope near theactive face. The distribution of volumetric strain is presented in a piecewiseequation. Presenting results in this form allows other researchers to use theirown values for initial porosity and permeability of the gob that are often debatedfor different mines. The results are normalized to allow scaling between supercritical panel sizes.

2:45 PMImprovement of the Blowing Curtain Face Ventilation SystemsUsing Passive Regulator

T. Petrov and A. Wala; Mining Engineering, University of Kentucky,Lexington, KYThis study was performed to analyze the behavior of blowing curtain face ven-tilation systems modified with a passive regulator. The difference between cur-rently used and the proposed design of face ventilation system is that at the endof the curtain a specially designed flow regulator is installed. The purpose ofthe regulator is to extend the airflow penetration distance toward the face andallow for 45ft deep cuts. Two prototypes of the proposed regulator were de-signed and successfully tested in mining environment. Series of three dimen-sional simulations were performed to support the research, using validatedCFD code. Presented information relates to the US Provisional PatentApplication No 61/818,112. The authors will present the results of these stud-ies and discus the advantages of using the proposed regulator for improvementof methane dilution at the face and for reducing the dust exposure of continu-ous miner operator.

3:05 PMFan Requirements in the Second 100 Years of a Mine Life

A. Haghighat and S. Gillies; Mining & Nuclear Engineering, MST, Rolla, MOThe Missouri University of Science and Technology’s Experimental Mine is ateaching and research facility which has been excavated in limestone by miningengineering students over almost 100 years. The mine is currently being ex-tended to a second level. Available fans for ventilation are two 24 kW surfaceand two underground booster fans of 12 kW. The design of a ventilation net-work in conjunction with multi surface and booster fans entails a complex pro-cedure. Ventsim software has been used for network analysis to determine theoptimum surface and booster fans locations, blade settings and speeds. Bothnatural and mechanical induced ventilation pressures have been taken into ac-count. Three working faces on each level have been designated as target points.The model has been calibrated against a pressure and quantity survey. Design ofductwork, door/stopping positions and different fans characteristics have beenexamined. The optimum flow rate at identified working faces, efficiency andminimum energy losses and annual network power cost determine the best sce-nario. The optimum design has been determined for the ventilation network forthe next 100 years.

3:25 PMMulti-Scale Ventilation Modeling of the Longwall Gob Environment

W. Wedding and A. Wala; University of Kentucky, Lexington, KYA technique for modeling the flow of methane through the gob using a multi-scale approach is presented. A model of the gob region is developed as a threedimensional model within a computational fluid dynamics package. The mineventilation system is represented in its entirety within a one dimensional model,not unlike conventional network modeling packages commonly used in the in-dustry. The two models are coupled at the boundaries, exchanging informationback and forth in a synchronous fashion. In effect, the entire mine ventilationsystem can act as the boundary condition for the calculation of flow through the

gob environment. Utilizing this multi-scale ventilation modeling approach, onecan model the entire underground environment. This provides insight into theflow of methane from the gob into the mine ventilation system.

3:45 PMOptimization of a Booster Fan Ventilation Network: An Application of Genetic Algorithm

M. Shriwas and M. Nelson; Mining Engineering, University of Utah,Salt Lake City, UTIn deep or extensive mines where working areas are far from surface connec-tion, main fan pressure may not be enough to provide an adequate supply of air.An increase in main fan pressure increases leakage and may make the minemore hazardous. Use of a booster fan is one of the viable options for keeping themain fan pressure within desirable limits. However, with the use of a boosterfan, the optimization of the ventilation network becomes more complex. Themain objective of this study is to determine the optimum combination of mainfan pressure, booster fan pressure and booster fan location in the ventilationnetwork. A genetic algorithm is applied to optimize the sample booster fan ven-tilation network. The preliminary results show that the selective rating of themain surface fan and rating and location of booster fan can minimize the totalpower consumption and reduce the operating cost of the ventilation system. Theoutcome of this study will be very useful in enhancing the applicability ofbooster fans in deep underground coal mines.

4:05 PMAssessment of Technology for Non-destructive Testing of In-situUnderground Mine Seals: Update of GPR Systems

C. Harwood; Mining, VPI&SU, Blacksburg, VANumerous underground coal mine ventilation seals have been installed in theUnited States of America since the 2006 implementation of the MineImprovement and New Emergency Response Act. Seal engineering, design,placement, and construction is regulated in industry, but post-constructionmonitoring of seals is limited to visual inspection of the inby face and sealperimeter, convergence measurement, and atmospheric monitoring. To monitorseal integrity and to provide safe working conditions, a form of non-destructivetesting (NDT) is necessary to accurately reflect the health of the seal by detect-ing post-construction changes, deterioration, or defects within in-situ seals inunderground coal mines. Previous research from the National Institute of Safetyand Health has indicated the potential for utilizing ground penetrating radar(GPR) for assessing in-situ mine seals. This paper provides an update to the as-sessment of proposed NDT methods for seal evaluation using commerciallyavailable GPR technologies and systems. Full-scale free-standing seals and large-scale seal specimens were analysed with an array of GPR units from variousmanufacturers with multiple frequencies.

4:25 PMThe Feasibility of Hybrid Network and CFD Modeling for Mine Ventilation Applications

K. Luxbacher, H. Zhang and E. Jong; Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VAThis paper examines the feasibility of combining network modeling and compu-tational fluid dynamics for modeling of underground mine ventilation systems.Both simulation methods have specific advantages and disadvantages for analy-sis of mine systems. Network modeling is widely utilized by many operationsand allows for assessment of current systems and simulation for planning pur-poses. Alternatively, CFD has been utilized only marginally by operations and istypically a research tool, requiring considerable computational power, complexmodels, and careful analysis and calibration of results. Network modeling allowsfor a holistic approach to the ventilation system, giving quantity, velocity andpressure in every branch, but CFD modeling can resolve the flow regime in 2-Dor 3-D, which is idea when examination of an area on a more detailed basis isuseful, such as dust and gas control. Integration of the two can allow for moreflexible systems analysis. The feasibility of integration, along with application tolimited underground mine data are examined.

This is the Technical Program as of September 15, 2013. IT IS SUBJECT TO CHANGE. Please see the Onsite Program for final details.

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TECHNICAL PROGRAMENVIRONMENTAL:

Health and Safety2:00 PM • Wednesday, February 26

Chairs: M. Lutz, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ J. VanLandingham, Twin Metals Minnesota, LLC, St. Paul, MN

2:00 PMIntroductions

2:05 PMPilot-Scale Application of Using Traditional and Novel In-EarNoise Exposure Monitoring in Active Shaft Mining to EvaluateNoise Controls

E. Lutz and R. Reed; College of Public Health, The University of Arizona, Tucson, AZDespite over 30 years of noise regulation, there is a 76% prevalence rate ofminer over exposure. This is the highest rate in any work sector. Traditionalevaluation of effectiveness for noise control interventions is accomplished usingnoise dosimeters coupled with instantaneous noise surveys (octave band analy-sis) and time-motion study. This study evaluated these standard-of-care noiseexposure monitoring methods compared to novel sound pressure level meas-urement taken at the ear drum. The relationship between time-weighted aver-age noise levels and peak noise levels had highly significant positive correlationsindicating consistency in noise exposure measurements and device perform-ance (p<0.002). The time-weighted noise reduction was also studied, which wascalculated as the time-weighted average dosimeter measure minus the time-weighted average in-ear measure. The average noise reduction level rangedfrom 0 to 38.4dBA, with mean 8.60dBA and SD 8.56dBA. This pilot-scale studyindicates that in-ear noise measurement, in tandem with traditional dosimetry,may prove an effective strategy for assessing noise control effectiveness.However, further study is warranted.

2:25 PMOccupational Heat Strain in Deep Shaft Metal Mining

E. Lutz and R. Reed; College of Public Health, The University of Arizona, Tucson, AZA single heat strain incident increases miners’ sensitivity to subsequent heat ex-posures. With technology moving operations deeper, the potential for excessivethermal loading among miners poses a significant challenge. Forty-five minersingested core body sensors and wore heart rate monitors during day, swing, andgraveyard shifts while performing deep shaft-sinking tasks where ambient rock-face temperatures ranged from 32.5-60°C. Ninety-eight percent of miners’ tem-peratures were measured below recommended limits (38°C), with mean tem-perature of 37.2°C. Most values for maximum 10-minute averages were abovethis limit (mean 38.15°C). Workers reached 72%, 74%, and 81% of their maxi-mum heart rate during maximum 60-, 30-, and 10-minute averages, indicatingmoderate to high activity levels. Of the eight most common tasks, welding andcutting were associated with significantly increased maximum10-minute aver-age temperatures. Swing shift miners had higher median core body tempera-tures (p=0.008). Employees in the Obese Level 1 BMI category had higher maxi-mum 10-minute average core body temperatures than miners in the ‘Normal’BMI and ‘Overweight’ categories (p=0.017).

2:45 PMCharacterization of Dust in Underground Coal Mines andImplications for Occupational Health

R. Sellaro and E. Sarver; Mining and Minerals Engineering, VirginiaPolytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, VAIt has long been understood that extended occupational exposures to respirablemine dusts can lead to chronic lung disease. In underground coal mines, CWPand silicosis are major concerns. While there have been many studies aimed atunderstanding total dust concentrations, and silica content, associated with dif-ferent mining conditions (e.g., locations/occupations within a mine, cuttingmethods, geologic strata), little research has been completed to comprehen-sively characterize respirable dust (i.e., by particle composition, size distribu-tions, shapes). This preliminary study sought to characterize dust from an un-derground coal mine in Central Appalachia using scanning electron microscopywith energy dispersive x-ray. Respirable dust samples were collected from

various locations in the study mine, and individual dust particles were identifiedand categorized by mineral type. A continuous personal dust monitor was alsoused to estimate total respirable dust concentrations at each location duringsampling. Here we report results of this preliminary work, and discuss advan-tages and challenges of particle-level characterization of mine dusts in terms of occupational health research.

3:05 PMLeadership Mentoring in the Mining Community: A Case Study

M. Lutz1 and J. VanLandingham2; 1Freeport McMoRan, Sahuarita, AZand 2Twin Metals Minnesota LLC, St. Paul, MNThis session will present the findings of our study that looked at the outcomesof a leadership mentoring program created for front-line supervisors.Participants in this program were given one day of training on mentoring andadvanced leadership skills and then asked to spend six months mentoring aminer from another mine company. We will highlight the challenges and suc-cesses of this unique program that encourages cross-company mentoring to in-crease the leadership and mentoring skills across the mining industry, not justwithin one company.

3:25 PMFatigue Risk Management Systems in Mining; Current Status andLessons Learned

W. Sirois; Circadian Technologies, Inc., Stoneham, MASome 47% of mining incidents have now been identified as being fatigue-re-lated. As a result, most Global mining companies have embraced Fatigue RiskManagement “Systems” (FRMS) towards achieving the next “step change” inHSE. This session will review progress to date, share difficulties encountered,and provide implementation guidelines for achieving the full benefits of thisbreakthrough approach for improving safety and occupational health in themining industry.

ENVIRONMENTAL:Legal-Water Quality Challenges

2:00 PM • Wednesday, February 26Chairs: G. Robinson, R Squared, Inc., Sedalia, CO

J. Bolders, Olsson Associates, Golden, CO

2:00 PMIntroductions

2:05 PMSpeciation of Cyanide and Metal-cyanide Complexes Using FlowInjection Gas Diffusion Amperometric Methods of Analysis

W. Lipps; OI Analytical, College Station, TXThe toxicity of cyanide is determined by its chemical form. The chemical form ofcyanide is controlled by solution pH and the presence of transition metals. Giventhis, it makes sense to analyze aqueous samples using methods that enable theaccurate quantitation of cyanide species present. While “free cyanide” is themost toxic form of cyanide in the aqueous environment, most analytical meth-ods are designed to determine “total cyanide” that includes free cyanide alongwith relatively non-toxic metal cyanide complexes. This presentation describesASTM standard test procedures that quickly and accurately quantify cyanide asthree groups; free, WAD, and total. Recoveries of the metal cyanide complexesby each method will be presented.

2:25 PMTrends in Water Quality Regulation

G. Racz; Vranesh and Raisch, LLP, Boulder, COEarly in the U.S. Clean Water Act’s fifth decade, the “low hanging fruit” of waterquality issues have largely been addressed. The mining industry faces challengesas regulators tackle ever more complex problems with potentially extreme com-pliance costs. For example, the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency has prior-itized nutrient regulation, raising difficult scientific and policy questions. E.P.A.and states continue efforts to develop standards for substances like seleniumand arsenic that are common in the environment in many areas. The regulatory

This is the Technical Program as of September 15, 2013. IT IS SUBJECT TO CHANGE. Please see the Onsite Program for final details.

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TECHNICAL PROGRAMresponse to climate change introduces further complication and uncertainty.These challenges will require use of the full range of regulatory flexibility to ad-dress increasingly severe problems of treatment feasibility, including the finan-cial impacts and the environmental cost of water treatment. Using recent devel-opments in Colorado as a starting point, this presentation will cover trends inwater quality regulation, and potential obstacles and opportunities for the mining industry in the coming years.

2:45 PMSolving Mine Water Problems with Peat-based Sorption Media

P. Eger; Global Minerals Engineering LLC, Hibbing, MIAmerican Peat Technology has developed a patented carbonization process toconvert peat into a granular, hardened ion exchange media (APTsorbTM). Thesegranules are low cost, easy to maintain, and have a high affinity for trace metals.They can be used in standard treatment tanks and can be readily backwashed,unlike many commercial resins. The Soudan Mine discharge contains elevatedcopper and cobalt and is treated with a system that includes flow equalizationtanks, bag and cartridge filters, a carbon tank and two ion exchange tanks.Although effective, costs, removal of suspended material and system mainte-nance have been issues. A pilot test using APTsorbTM to treat the mine dis-charge is ongoing. The media has removed both suspended and dissolved cop-per, with efficiencies of 75 and 60% respectively. Over 20,000 bed volumes havebeen treated with no apparent loss in efficiency. The APTsorbTM media pro-duced the same copper removal as the existing treatment system components ofbag/cartridge filters, and the combination of break, carbon and the first com-mercial ion exchange tanks. By reducing the size and complexity of the system,costs can be substantially reduced.

3:05 PMAddressing Real Mine Issues in Water Quality Regulatory Systems

R. Sandquist; Natural Resources, Brownstein Hyatt Farber Schreck,Denver, COMine discharges are subject to Effluent Limit Guidelines (ELG) and regional orstate Water Quality Based Effluent Limits (WQBEL). ELGs are best managementpractice based, WQBELS often require end-of-the-pipe numeric limits. Technicaland environmental factors often preclude attainment of WQ limits so minesneed regulatory approaches that consider these challenges. Regulation shouldconsider background concentrations, technology limits, cost/benefit and envi-ronment/energy impacts. When and how does The Clean Water Act (CWA) canconsider these factors? Mining laws also govern mine operations. How are different mining and CWA directives reconciled?

ENVIRONMENTAL:Sustainable and Responsible Use of Water

Resources in the Mining Industry II2:00 PM • Wednesday, February 26

Chairs: M. Jarvie Eggart, Barr, Marquette, MI B. Gunn, URS Corp., Denver, CO

2:00 PMIntroductions

2:05 PMAdaptive Environmental Management Plans and Practices:Managing Environmental Impacts at Mines

A. Martin; Foth Infrastructure & Environment, LLC, Green Bay, WIThe concept of adaptive management has been used in ecosystem managementfor years and guidance is provided in a variety of handbooks and publications.Adaptive management can be applied to industrial facilities and mines throughthe use of adaptive environmental management plans (AEMP) and associatedpractices. The goal of this presentation is to provide an explanation of how theplans and practices support regulatory agency approvals and permitting, spanthe life-cycle of mines, manage uncertainty, and assist in addressing mining im-pacts and legacy issues. AEMPs and associated practices are useful tools to ad-dress the uncertainties in identifying, evaluating, and managing impacts of pro-posed new and modified mining facilities undergoing environmental review. Awell designed AEMP can support the decision to approve an EIS and enable aproject to move forward. Additionally, an AEMP can inform financial assurance

estimates and revisions over the life of a mine providing all parties including thestate tax payers and surrounding communities with greater confidence that environmental impacts and risks will be well managed.

2:25 PMEnvironmental Planning with Sustainability in Mind

R. Badger1 and V. Porter2; 1URS Corporation, Denver, CO and 2URSCorporation, Salt Lake City, UTGiven the various challenges in today’s mining industry (e.g. permitting, compli-ance, operations, and closure), mine operators are seeking ways to create a sus-tainable business culture to achieve a balance of acceptable economic, environ-mental, social-community effects. To meet the myriad challenges, potentiallysave time and money, build a positive link with agencies and communities, andcreate long-term natural and social benefits, the cycle of mining should beplanned with “Sustainability in Mind” from beginning to end. For purposes ofthis presentation, sustainability is defined as: building trust with key stakehold-ers through balanced use of resources (e.g. water and energy); transparent re-porting on mining activities; actively managing and balancing the potential envi-ronmental, social, and economic risks; maximizing the positive effects ofoperations; and incorporating international best practices on non-financial mat-ters. Many regulatory and permitting agencies (federal and state) have begundeveloping and implementing guidelines and regulations that require compa-nies to consider, plan, and implement sustainable projects – from constructionthrough operations and closure.

2:45 PMAn Integrated View of Water Management in the EngineeringDevelopment of Minerals Projects

D. Celmer, I. Sanchez and C. Aguilera; Fluor Chile S.A., Santiago, ChileThe development of the recent generation of large mining projects in SouthAmerica has been challenging in many ways, but especially in the managementof water in all its aspects. As a result, a number of projects have experienced dif-ficulties and in some cases significant delays due to a lack of a clear and ap-proved definition of the supply, use and discharge of water from the mining andprocessing sites. In this paper the authors argue for an integrated approach tothe development of the water management strategy from the conceptual andfeasibility stages through to the execution phase of a project. This includes anenhanced level of coordination of the specialized consultants and the engineer-ing team throughout all the phases of the development of the project. Examplesare presented to demonstrate the pitfalls of a lack of an integrated approach, butalso opportunities for improvement.

3:05 PMResponsible Mine Water Management

C. Kearney and K. Matson; Barr Engineering Company, Hibbing, MNEfficient management and use of water is critical to any mining operation. Theamount of water needed varies with the type of material mined, the processesused in the operation, and the amount of water available. Water is needed inmany parts of the operation, from mineral processing, dust suppression, topotable water uses. In arid parts of the world, where water is scarce, the need forwater in mining competes with the water needs of the ever growing population.In areas with an abundance of water, other factors, such as the potential impactsmining may have on surrounding water resources, result in the realization ofmining companies that mine impacted water may not be able to be dischargedwithout water treatment. This presentation will briefly describe the main usesof water within mining operations, discuss water accounting techniques, andevaluate innovative techniques that mining companies are using to reduce or recycle their water within their operations.

3:25 PMCompiling Defendable Hydrologic Balances for Greenfield andOperating Mines

A. Cornford; Ausenco, Vancouver, BC, CanadaDue to the increased available base of scientific knowledge, increased independ-ent review required by worldwide security exchanges, and the need for accuracyin characterizing mine water resources, it has become necessary to produce amore accurate hydrologic balance. The objective of this paper is to provide acritical review of the steps and tools to compile a complete hydrologic review ofa mine property. The forces of regulation, increased scientific analysis, bettertools, and stakeholder expectations have created a perfect storm of accuracy demand. Ausenco has developed protocol to achieve the desired end.

This is the Technical Program as of September 15, 2013. IT IS SUBJECT TO CHANGE. Please see the Onsite Program for final details.

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TECHNICAL PROGRAM

This is the Technical Program as of September 15, 2013. IT IS SUBJECT TO CHANGE. Please see the Onsite Program for final details.

3:45 PMUsing Scenario Analysis to Mitigate Climate Change Impacts

R. Wilco*ck; ERM Alaska, Inc., Anchorage, AKRelationships between physical and biological components have become in-creasingly unpredictable due to global climate change. Although there is generalagreement that climate is changing, there is no consensus regarding its magni-tude or impact. The approach presented will assist resource developers in re-sponding to new and challenging environmental and regulatory conditions bydeveloping sustainable resource management decisions that minimize risks, andaddress changes in ecosystem services with resource development. Availabledata is categorized by geophysical and spatial characteristics, and expressed asspectral signatures using GIS. The data are extrapolated across cells that sharesimilar attributes, and ground-truthed. This data, in combination with climatedrivers, are incorporated into a process-based model for scenario analysis. Themodel integrates the relationships of aquatic and terrestrial ecosystems to un-derstand how these systems interact within and between each other. Climateadaptations in terrestrial ecosystem processes, such as species diversity and hy-drology, can be assessed. Risk assessments of alternative resource managementscenarios can be evaluated.

MINERAL & METALLURGICAL PROCESSING:Flotation II

2:00 PM • Tuesday, February 25Chair: S. Miskovic, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT

2:00 PMIntroductions

2:05 PMPulp Rheology Mediated Challenges in Flotation Beneficiation ofFibrous Ores

P. Somasundaran1, P. Patra1 and D. Nagaraj2; 1Columbia University,New York, NY and 2Cytec Industries, Stamford, CTSelective mineral separation from low grade ores containing large amounts of fi-brous minerals has long been challenging. The mechanisms by which the fibrousMg silicates, for example, reduces separation of Ni minerals from low grade Niores (<1% Ni) in froth flotation are not well understood. Many investigationshave indicated that hetero-coagulation is the major root cause. In those investi-gations, the effects of heterocoagulation were possibly confounded with the ef-fect the pulp rheological behavior of viscous fibrous suspension. Based on thisstudy it was evident that fibrous Mg silicates content correlates to the viscosityof the pulp, which is severe especially when the aspect ratios of the fibers arelarge. The pulp viscosity increases with aspect ratio of the fibers leading to poorNi recovery and grade. The number of inter-fiber contact points are more withincrease in aspect ratio the inter-fiber interactions and frictional forces in-creases with consequent increase in pulp viscosity. Reagent based strategies to-wards gaining control over pulp rheological behavior will provide insight intothe mechanisms of inter-fiber interactions and increase in viscosity.

2:25 PMStrategies for Enhancing Flotation Performance UsingAEROFLOAT MX-500 Series Collectors

T. Bhambhani and D. Nagaraj; Mineral Processing Chemicals Research, Cytec Industries, Stamford, CTConcentrators treating porphyry Cu ores are invariably faced with challengingareas in the pit that may affect recoveries, grades and kinetics. This may be re-lated to slower floating Cu or Au minerals, or activated pyrite. Batch flotationdata indicates that custom designed AEROFLOAT MX-500 Series Promoters canbe used to retain desired selectivity against pyrite, without compromising Cuand Au recoveries. The high activity of these reagents allows for low dosing re-quirements, and lower operational footprint. This is most obvious in Au, PGMsand other bulk sulfide flotation operations. Improvements are attributed to improved flotation of coarse middlings, and improved froth texture.

2:45 PMFlotation Reagent Synergy on Malachite and Chrysocolla Ores

E. Blanco; FLSmidth, West Jordan, UTFLsmidth-Dawson Laboratory was perfomed several projects on flotation ofoxide minerals. Several factors will be considered to attain flotation of malachiteand chrysocolla from their ores. Several factors include: flotation reagent syn-ergy of xanthate-n-octylhydroxamate under particles sulphidizied by NaSH,identified mineralogy asociation of malachite and chrysocola, and long kineticsflotation will be considered.

3:05 PMOptimizing Flotation Processes – On Line Flotation Modeling

O. Bascur; OSIsoft, LLC., Houston, TXFroth flotation is widely used for the separation of particulate materials in theworld. It is a complex process whose operational behavior in process plants isdifficult to predict. With the decreasing ore grades and drastic variations in min-eralogy online metrics are required tools to tune the flotation process. A newflotation analysis approach will be presented using operating data and onlinevirtual sensors estimates. A dynamic flotation framework was used as the basictemplate to derive the simplest possible pulp air holdup and froth air holdup touniquely obtain the desired recovery and grade. New developments in miner-alogical characterization, real time information management systems and datavalidation simplify the implementation of flotation technologies for mine to millgrade recovery optimization. PI Asset Framework was used to define the overalmodel and the formulas required for the calculated metrics. The model was inte-grated with the grinding data to understand the effect of the ore type and mineral composition. An industrial implementation was made to find the bestoperating conditions for reducing overall energy consumption.

3:25 PMEffect of Cavitation Venturi Tube Design on Pico and NanoBubbles Generation

F. Peng and Y. Xiong; Mining Engineering, West Virginia Universitiy,Morgantown, WVEffects of dimensions designed for the cavitation venture tubes on pico and nanobubbles generation were conducted by using a four-factor three-level centralcomposite design of experiment in a special designed column. Various frothersand frother dosages effects were investigated in a flotation column with an opti-mal designed cavitation venture tube for bituminous coal. The maximum volumeof pico-nano bubbles was 65% to 75% and the minimum pico-nano bubble sizewas 150 to 240 nm. Efficiencies of coarser and ultrafine coal flotation were im-proved with the presence of pico-nano bubbles and nanobubbles. Optimal vol-ume percentage of pico-nano and nanobubbles were 70%, which produced 86%of combustible material recovery and 11.7% of clean coal ash. The most signifi-cant improvement on the separation efficiency was observed for the plus 600μm and minus 750 μm size fractions.

3:45 PMMeasurement of Froth Phase Bubble Sizes

M. Moys and C. Bhondayi; Chemical and Metal Engng, University ofthe Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South AfricaA sharp probe with 0.3mm conductive tip is dropped through the froth andsenses when the tip impacts a bubble surface. The distance between impacts iscalled an “inter-impact length” (IIL). It is shown that the IIL distribution ob-tained with this new method is related to the actual froth bubble sizes measuredphotographically. Pulps of different chemistry were used to generate froth. Theconductivity probe was dropped several times into the froth phase from a fixedknown height. Times between successive sharp drops in voltage together withthe velocity of the probe were then used to calculate the IILs. The average IILwas nicely correlated with the average Sauter-mean bubble diameter andshowed a similar increase with height in the froth, which can be correlated via acoalescence model. The new technique does not give actual values of bubblesizes, but its ability to provide trends that are related to bubble size and possiblycoalescence within the froth can play a vital role in froth phase sub-process optimisation.

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TECHNICAL PROGRAM4:05 PMFlotation Separation of Chalcopyrite from Enargite

V. Gupta; Research & Development, FLSmidth, Midvale, UTArsenic is an undesirable element that causes serious toxicological and environ-mental problems in smelting of arsenic-containing minerals such as enargite,tennantite etc. Serious financial penalties are imposed by smelters to treat cop-per ores containing higher than 0.2 wt % arsenic. It would be more economicaland environmentally beneficial to remove arsenic at an early stage by pre-con-centration such as flotation. Researchers have investigated differential flotationscheme by preoxidation, Eh control, and selective flotation reagents. Limitedsuccess was achieved in obtaining good separation efficiency between chalcopy-rite and enargite. In this research, selective flotation is investigated to achieve agood separation from a controlled mixture of enargite and chalcopyrite. The var-ious mechanisms of separation between chalcopyrite and enargite will be re-viewed and discussed in this work. An overall process concept is presentedwhere flotation forms a key unit operation in the treatment of arsenic ores, andsome of the issues with differential flotation can be minimized through an approach which provides a mechanism to successfully treat these ores.

4:25 PMAnalysis of Removal of Unburned Carbon from Bottom Ashes

O. Sahbaz1, M. Cinar2 and S. Kelebek3; 1Mining Engineering,Dumlupinar University, Kutahya, Turkey; 2Mining Engineering, 18Mart University, Canakkle, Turkey and 3The Robert M. Buchan Dept.of Mining, Queen’s University, Kingston, ON, CanadaBottom ash contains various amounts and sizes of unburned carbon dependingon their operating conditions. It is a highly difficult material to recover effi-ciently, due to its extremely oxidized state and increased hydrophilic nature.However, it still represents a recyclable source of energy, which may otherwisebe contaminating the environment as a complete waste. In the present study,flotation separation of the carbon from the bottom ash of a power plant has beenstudied using a 3-variable 2 level factorial experimental design, which examinedthe influence of dosages kerosene and AF65 and also impeller speed on the com-bustible recovery. The main effects of all three factors on the recovery are posi-tive. According to analysis, the most important factor is collector, while thefrother has a secondary significance. The effect of impeller speed is also positiveand statistically significant, even though it is not as prominent as the other fac-tors. Both grade and recovery of combustible matter increases with an increaseof the dosages of kerosene. The overall grade of the concentrates obtainedranged from 64 % to 70% ash as corresponding combustible recoveries of 42% to 65%.

MINERAL & METALLURGICAL PROCESSING:Modeling and Simulations II

2:00 PM • Wednesday, February 26Chairs: D. Laney, Newmont Mining Corp.,

Greenwood Village, CO H. Rawlins, Montana Process Research, Butte, MT

2:00 PMIntroductions

2:05 PMCFD Simulation of a Verticial Stirred Mill (FLSmidth VXPmill)

Z. Huang, T. Olson and D. Rahal; FLSmidth Salt Lake City, Inc., Midvale, UTFLSmidth VXPmill (formerly Knelson-Deswik) is a vertical stirred mill for fineand ultrafine grinding applications. In order to better understand the flowphysics and grinding characteristics inside the VXPmill, Computational FluidDynamics (CFD) simulations were carried out. The CFD results revealed the mix-ing behavior of the grinding beads and slurry as well as the complex flow patternin the grinding chamber. Other information such as backpressure at the slurryinlet, power consumption, and disc wear were also predicted. Parametric stud-ies were done to investigate the impact of grinding media fill level, disc rotationspeed, slurry flow rate, etc. Implications for grinding performance based on theCFD results will also be discussed. Whenever possible, CFD predictions werecompared against test data. It is shown that CFD simulations could provide deepinsight into the operation of the VXPmill and would play an important role inimproving the design, operation, and scale-up.

2:25 PMRobust Design and Optimization of a Flotation Rotor Using ANSYS

Z. Huang1, T. Olson1 and C. Smith2; 1FLSmidth Salt Lake City, Inc., Midvale, UT and 2Phoenix Analysis and Design Technologies (PADT),Tempe, AZTo fully utilize the potential of CFD to inform equipment designs over a largerange of parameters it is necessary first to have a quality predictive model toidentify important parameters and then to automate the process to allow the de-signs to be optimized. In this work we leveraged ANSYS’s Robust Design andOptimization capabilities in combination with CFD simulations to optimize thegeometry of rotors and stators for improved flotation performance in FLSmidthDorr-Oliver flotation machines. The CFD model we used is able to predict the de-tailed multiphase (water and air bubbles) flow field as well as bubble-particleattachment rate distribution in the flotation cell. Optimization is done on bothrotor blade shape and number of blades, for maximum overall attachment rate.For optimization of the blade shape, we used the mesh morphing technology in-tegrated within ANSYS Fluent, which allows rapid geometrical changes withoutre-meshing. To determine the optimum number of blades, the Design ofExperiments (DOE) and optimization tools within ANSYS Workbench are used.This work demonstrates the value of simulation and optimization in the designof next generation flotation machines.

2:45 PMHORSE: Value-Based Objective Functions Applied to Circuit Analysis

A. Noble1 and G. Luttrell2; 1Mining Engineering, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV and 2Mining and Minerals Engineering,Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VALinear circuit analysis (LCA) is a fundamental tool which has been used to evalu-ate mineral separation circuits during the preliminary design phase.Traditionally, the LCA methodology uses the analytic circuit solution to deter-mine the relative slope of the circuit’s partition curve. This value is then used asan indicative performance measure suitable for the comparison and ranking ofalternative circuit configurations. Unfortunately, the partition slope only reflectsthe separation potential of middling material. In most mineral systems, this ma-terial represents a small portion of the initial feed (due to liberation) as well as asmall portion of the revenue potential (due to the incremental value).Respecting these limitations, the authors have developed new separation per-formance indicators which may be derived from the analytical circuit solutionand used in LCA problems. These indicators inherently reflect the separation potential of pure material, providing a better indication of lost revenue due tomisplaced material. The complete methodology has been integrated with priorsoftware to produce the Holistic Optimizer for Resource Separation Economics.

3:05 PMSolving Process Engineering and Flowsheet Design Challengeswith Limn

A. Noble1, R. Bratton2, G. Luttrell2 and D. Wiseman3; 1Mining Engineering, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV; 2Mining and Minerals Engineering, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA and 3David Wiseman Pty Ltd, Blackwood, SA, AustraliaFor the past 30 years, process flowsheet design has been accomplished largelythrough modeling and simulation. This approach provides circuit designers thefreedom to test various separation approaches while minimizing physical andhuman resource requirements. The Limn software provides a unique approachto process simulation, through a Microsoft Excel interface. While the softwarecomes with standard process models for numerous unit operations, the Excelcalculation environment and the accompanying VBA platform provide a conven-ient interface for custom model integration, even for non-experienced program-mers. This feature is especially useful for university students in introductoryprocess modeling and simulation-assisted flowsheet design courses as well asexperienced practitioners with proprietary process models. Models imple-mented in higher level languages may also be readily incorporated. This papershows how the Limn software may be used to solve basic process engineeringproblems as well as more comprehensive circuit design challenges. Industrialexamples as well as opportunities for training and education will be presented.

This is the Technical Program as of September 15, 2013. IT IS SUBJECT TO CHANGE. Please see the Onsite Program for final details.

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TECHNICAL PROGRAM3:25 PMA Numerical Study of Particle-fluid Flow in Different DirectionalLocking Pillar Arrays

S. Miskovic and H. Feng; Metallurgical Engineering, University ofUtah, Salt Lake City, UTThe deterministic lateral displacement method is a particle separation methodin which different sized particles are pushed in different directions as they aremoving through the arranged pillar arrays. As shown in previous research, thecritical particle diameter (referred to as the cut-size of the pillar array) is deter-mined by the pillar shift fraction and pillar gap size. In this study, the effect ofpillar stretch ratio and pillar diameter to gap size ratio on the fluid flow distribu-tion and particle trajectories are investigated numerically. Computational fluiddynamics, discrete element, and discrete particle methods (CFD, DEM, DPM) areused in both liquid-only and liquid-solid systems, and information about thefluid velocity profiles, particle concentration, and particle trajectories are ob-tained for a number of pillar array designs. A model is proposed to describe therelation between the critical particle diameter, pillar stretch ratio, and pillar di-ameter to gap size ratio. It is shown that both the increase of pillar diameter togap size ratio and pillar stretch ratio lead to the increase of critical particle diameter.

MINERAL & METALLURGICAL PROCESSING:Pyrometallurgy

2:00 PM • Wednesday, February 26Chairs: U. Srivastava, Midrex, Pineville, NC

D. Connor, Metso Corporation, Waukesha, WI

2:00 PMIntroductions

2:05 PMInvestigation of Destruction Process of the Extrusion Briquettes (BREX)

R. Steele and A. Bizhanov; J. C. Steele & Sons, Inc., Statesville, NCDestruction mechanism of the extrusion briquettes (BREX) has been investi-gated. We have composed the mathematical model of the brex destruction basedon the cohesive surfaces approach. The model helps to describe the originationand the development of the cracks inside the brex. The mathematical model wassuccessfully verified by the physical modeling of the brex destruction. The comparison with the destruction of the pellets under the external load is also considered.

2:25 PMDirect Reduction of Magnesium Oxide to Magnesium

M. Ramachandran and R. Reddy; Metallurgical and Materials Engineering, The University of Alabama, Tuscaloosa, ALA direct route for reduction of magnesium oxide to magnesium using methaneas reducing gas has been systematically evaluated using thermal plasma pro-cessing technique. Feasibility study of the reduction reaction has been per-formed on the MgO-CH4 system at different methane concentrations and tem-peratures. Effect of change in key process parameters such as the oxide tomethane ratio and plasma power on the yield of magnesium has been evaluated.Maximum yield of about 61 mol% Mg was obtained using 20.0 kW and molarratio of MgO:CH4 = 1:1. Phase, morphological, elemental and binding energyanalyses have been performed on the product powders to understand the re-duction reaction. Surface oxidation was observed in smaller magnesium parti-cles in all the experiments while in-situ sintering of magnesium rods were ob-served at a molar ratio of MgO:CH4 = 1:1.5. Magnesium carbide (Mg2C3) wasobserved in the product and the formation mechanism of which has been proposed using phase equilibrium data and predominance diagram.

2:45 PMThe Unreasonable Engineer – Critique of Steel IndustryDevelopment of Alternative Iron Process Technology

L. Southwick; L.M. Southwick & Associates, Cincinnati, OHSteel mills use Electric Arc Furnaces to melt scrap to make steel, and there con-cerns that scrap could not keep up with demand. Potential scarcities have led to

a search for alternatives to the blast furnace to provide iron units to the EAFshops. That search has been unsuccessful, and the only option has been directreduced iron, DRI. This paper will review several attempts to develop pig iron al-ternatives, including Hismelt, Iron Carbide, ITmk3 iron nugget, Iron Dynamics,Finex, Circored, and, most recently, Energiron. Unfortunately, the attitude seemsto be “just build it and we will make it work”, an approach which usually fails.Melting scrap is straightforward, but making iron is not, involving equipment,reactions and feed materials much unlike melting scrap. Process developmenthas been brief, engineering and design efforts curtailed, equipment selection su-perficial, resulting in a plant that comes up short. One cannot spend their way tosuccess. Unfortunately, these lessons are not being learned and a “pin ball ma-chine” development route remains preferred. History and the buckets of silverdollars still available seems to favor continuation of current methods.

3:05 PMArsenic Removal in Enargite with Sodium Carbonate UsingComplete and Partial Oxidation Roasting

T. Putra and P. Taylor; Metallurgical and Materials Engineering, Colorado School of Mines, Golden, COThe high arsenic content in enargite presents a problem to copper smelters.Most smelters will not take a copper concentrate that contains more than about0.5% arsenic. This study investigated a new method of removing arsenic fromenargite containing copper concentrates through a pyrometallurgical method.The proposed method was roasting a mixture of sodium carbonate (Na2CO3)and enargite containing copper concentrates to convert the arsenic to a watersoluble sodium arsenate while either oxidizing the sulfide minerals or by par-tially oxidizing the sulfur minerals. The roast calcine was then water leached toremove the soluble sodium arsenate (Na3AsO4) and the water leached arsenicwas precipitated using ferric sulfate (Fe2(SO4)3). The results showed successfularsenic removal with the percentage of arsenic removed and retained in the so-lution using partial oxidation was 88%. More than 50% sulfur was maintainedduring the partial oxidation roasting. The precipitation resulted as a stable solidferric arsenate (FeAsO4). Methods to regenerate the sodium carbonate and ferric sulfate from the precipitation process solutions are proposed.

3:25 PMDynamic Simulation of Processing High Arsenic CopperConcentrates in a Fluidized Bed Roaster

A. Rajoria1, L. Lucena1, S. Das2, M. Szatkowski2 and I. Wilkomirsky3;1Andritz Chile Ltda, Santiago, Chile; 2Andritz Inc., Decatur, GA and3Dept. of Metallurgical Engineering, University of Concepcion, Concepcion, ChileA dynamic process model for predicting the fluidized bed roasting of copperconcentrates with high arsenic content is presented in this work. Mass and en-ergy balances were performed based on roasting mechanism derived from ther-modynamic data of species. The reaction rate data, obtained from pilot plantstudies on the major reactions, were used in tuning the kinetic parameters of themodel. IDEAS, a dynamic simulation package, is used in setting up the fluidizedbed roaster plant model. The effect of process parameters such as concentratefeed rate, concentrate composition, air flow and cooling water rate on the tem-perature and conversion of roasting reactions were analyzed. The plant modelcaptures the highly transient conditions occurring during the plant start-up,shut down and other process perturbations. The application of this model inconstructing a virtual plant environment for validating the operating procedures and operator training is presented.

3:45 PMLow NOx Burner Installation in Iron Ore Pelletizing Plants – New and Retrofit

R. Ranich; Metso Minerals, Canonsburg, PANew pellet plant projects in the United States must comply with stricter envi-ronmental standards than in the past. FivesNA and Metso collaborated to de-velop and apply low NOx burner technology to the traveling grate. Existing pel-let plants in the US must also comply with new lower NOx limits. Low NOxburner technology can easily be incorporated at the start of a new project.Retrofits are more difficult because each furnace has unique characteristics suchas fuel type, burner arrangement, and availability of space for new equipment.Low NOx burner technology has capital and operating cost implications for newprojects while retrofit projects must also contend with production disruptionduring demolition and construction. Existing pellet producers are concernedabout the effect of low NOx burner technology on future pellet production, fuelpenalty, and pellet quality. Retrofit projects require analysis of plant operatingdata to establish baseline process conditions to design the new burner systemfor the current plant operation.

This is the Technical Program as of September 15, 2013. IT IS SUBJECT TO CHANGE. Please see the Onsite Program for final details.

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TECHNICAL PROGRAMMINERAL & METALLURGICAL PROCESSING:

Water In Minerals Processing 6: Residual Metals and By-Product Production

from Water Treatment2:00 PM • Wednesday, February 26

Chairs: B. Waterman, Freeport-McMoRan Copper and Gold Inc., Oro Valley, AZ C. Young, Montana Tech, Butte, MT

2:00 PMIntroductions

2:05 PMSimultaneous Mercury Capture and Silver Leaching Using Ag2S-Bearing Ores

T. Eisele1, C. Bucknam2, K. Gabby1 and E. Milosavljevic2; 1Chemical Engineering, Michigan Technological University, Houghton, MI and2Newmont Metallurgical Services, Englewood, COSince mercury is chemically similar to silver, it tends to dissolve along with thesilver during cyanide leaching, and ultimately is recovered along with the silveras an undesirable mercury/silver amalgam. A possible approach to separatingsilver from mercury in cyanide leach solutions is to take advantage of the re-placement reaction between Hg(CN)4-2 and Ag2S, which results in precipitationof mercury as HgS while dissolving silver as Ag(CN)2-. Results are presenteddemonstrating that mercury can be removed from cyanide solutions with higheffectiveness by this approach, while still recovering silver. A similar approach isexpected to be effective for removing mercury from other aqueous solutions.

2:25 PMPilot Plant Testing of a New Process for Rhenium Recovery fromCopper PLS

C. Bryce1, B. Waterman1 and M. Shaw2; 1Freeport-McMoRan Copper &Gold, Oro Valley, AZ and 2Freeport-McMoRan Copper & Gold, GreenValley, AZRhenium is primarily recovered as a byproduct from molybdenum roasting cir-cuits. However, rhenium is also present in copper heap leach solutions at verylow concentrations and represents a potential new rhenium source. Freeport-McMoRan Copper & Gold has developed a new process using carbon adsorptionfollowed by ion exchange or solvent extraction to concentrate rhenium from lessthan 1 ppm to 15 gpl. The product is compatible as a feed to an existing rheniumprocessing plant. A pilot plant operated at Freeport-McMoRan’s Sierrita minehas demonstrated the technical and financial feasibility of this new process.

2:45 PMLaboratory Evaluation of By-Product Manganese DioxideProduction from High Mn Waters Using Ozone

B. Waterman1, J. Jauregui1, R. Neylon2 and R. Bowman2; 1Environmental Technology, Freeport McMoRan Copper & Gold, Oro Valley, AZ and 2APTWater, Long Beach, CAManganese is often challenging to remove from ARD and mine-impacted water,requiring high pH and air oxidation for effective removal. The resultant man-ganese dioxide sludge is generally high in calcium carbonate from the limeadded to increase the pH. Manganese is readily oxidized with ozone’s high ORP,even at neutral pH’s, and provides an alternative treatment scheme for man-ganese removal. Ozonation of one high-manganese mine water was tested in thelab. Manganese ozone oxidation achieved the principal goal of removal of man-ganese, zinc, cadmium and copper from the water. The resultant manganesedioxide was relatively high purity and could potentially be sold as a product instead of landfilled. Potential markets investigated for the precipitated MnO2included alkaline battery cathode; green sand applications; and as a colorant forbricks and glass.

3:05 PMWater Transformation – Turning Liabilities into Assets

L. Schlink, B. Waterman and D. Ramey; Freeport-McMoRan Copper &Gold, Oro Valley, AZImpacted waters, often complex, are created in mining which at some point inthe mine life cycle will need to be attended. The simplest and most cost effectivemethod of handling impacted water is to reuse it as makeup water for opera-tions. At the end of mine life, operational reuse will not be an option and the im-pacted water will require treatment to achieve alternative reuse goals.Conventional mine impacted water treatment is successful in removing un-wanted constituents but create brine and sludge that may require special han-dling or additional treatment, resulting in additional liabilities and costs.Freeport-McMoRan Copper & Gold has taken an approach to water treatmentthat focuses on transformation not concentration. The Water Treatment TestFacility located at Sierrita Mine has three test plants that are piloting the mineimpacted water transformation process. Two plants have been designed for theremoval of calcium and sulfate with products of gypsum and sulfur. The thirdplant removes metals from process water and transforms them into marketablemetal sulfides. The transformation, rather than concentration, of mine impactedwater solutes greatly reduce long term risks.

3:25 PMIn-mill Water Treatment – Adressing Risks within the MineralProcessing Circuit

D. Nunes; SRK Consulting, Vancouver, BC, CanadaThe results of a study to evaluate options to control residual metals — in specialCd at very stringent levels — within the mineral processing plant will be presented. Presenters and full abstract will be updated in the comming week.

3:45 PMLessons Learned from the Application of Zinc RecoveryTechnology at the French Gulch/Wellington-Oro Mine Site Water Treatment Plant

L. Figueroa1, J. Jenkins2 and L. fa*gen2; 1Civil and Environmental Engineering, Colorado School of Mines, Golden, CO and 2US EPA, Denver, COThe French Gulch/Wellington-Oro Mine Site Water Treatment Plant (WTP) isthe first municipally owned water treatment plant to target metal recovery frommine drainage. The plant was started up in 2008. Since that time the WTP hasexperienced a series of problems that resulted in extended periods of no-flow orrecycling of effluent to the mine pool. A recently completed optimization studyhas identified a number of issues with the plant design and operation. The issuesidentified and the recommended resolutions will be presented.

4:05 PMCase Study: Considerations and Design of a High Efficiency WaterTreatment Plant for Significant Water Recovery and ResourceReuse at the Molycorp Mountain Pass Rare Earth Mine

P. Hoeferlin; Veolia Water, Vandalia, OHArid environments create challenges for mining companies with water supply,treatment and discharge concerns. Molycorp Mountain Pass Mine installed aVeolia Water Solutions and Technologies OPUS™ treatment process that is effec-tively treating process and mine water at the site, with the primary goal of re-covering various salts for re-use. With secondary treatment, the water treat-ment system is able to reuse a significant portion of the brine stream atMolycorp’s new chlor alkali plant adjacent to the mine. This beneficial reuse ispossible due to the sodium hypochlorite and caustic solutions that are requiredfor benefaction of the rare earth minerals. This paper will present the OPUStreatment process and salt recovery requirements, and how the water treat-ment and salt recovery processes are performing after 10-months of service.

This is the Technical Program as of September 15, 2013. IT IS SUBJECT TO CHANGE. Please see the Onsite Program for final details.

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TECHNICAL PROGRAMMINING ENGINEERING:

Management: Safety in Mining II2:00 PM • Wednesday, February 26

Chair: R. Hill, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ

2:00 PMIntroductions

2:05 PMAssessing the Safety Culture of Underground Coal Mining:Results and Recommendations

C. Kosmoski; NIOSH Office of Mine Safety and Health Research, Pittsburgh, PAThe mining disasters since 2006 have placed renewed focus on several differentaspects of safety in the underground coal mining industry. One area which hasreceived increased attention is the concept of Safety Culture. Safety culture is de-fined as the characteristics of the work environment that influence employees’perceptions of the importance that the organization places on safety. Safety culture assessments were conducted at five underground coal mines betweenthe years of 2010 and 2012. The methodology involved obtaining a variety ofquantitative and qualitative information, using multiple methods including func-tional analysis of mining documents, in-depth interviews, behavioral anchoredrating scales, paper surveys, and behavioral observations. This manuscript de-scribes the results of the five safety culture assessments. Observations regardingthe characteristics of the mines’ safety culture that should be sustained as wellas areas in need of attention and management focus to improve the mines’ safetyculture are presented. The manuscript concludes with general recommenda-tions for areas any underground coal mine could focus on in an effort to improvesafety culture.

2:25 PMAge, Injuries, and Costs in the Mining Industry: A Case Study forU.S. Gold and Coal Mines

E. Lutz1, T. Regan2, X. Liu2 and J. Burgess1; 1College of Public Health,The University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ and 2Dept. of Economics, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZIn terms of fatalities, the Bureau of Labor and Statistics reports that the miningindustry, as a whole, is the most dangerous industry sector in the U.S. As part oftheir regulatory scheme and reporting requirements, the Mine Safety and HealthAdministration makes available data on accidents and injuries in the mining in-dustry. This study describes the gold and coal mining industries for the last twodecades using this data. We used data from 1990 to 2010 to focus on the relation-ship between these types of incidents and age. We calculated an average annualinjury rate of 5.65 percent for gold and 13.46 for coal. We found that young coalminers are more prone to injury. Using the Center for Disease Control’s Web-based Injury Statistics Query and Reporting System (WISQRS), we calculate anaverage total economic cost of $7,000 (2010 US$) per injury and determine thatnearly 85 percent of this amount stems from lost work thus highlighting theenormity and importance of accounting for indirect, in addition to direct, costs.

2:45 PMFatalities and Disasters in Coal Mining

E. Lutz1, C. He2, G. Gowrisankaran2 and J. Burgess1; 1College of PublicHealth, The University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ and 2Dept. of Economics, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZCoal mining is a dangerous occupation. Economic theory suggests that coal firmsand workers balance productivity and the risk of accidents, yet recent literaturesuggests that exogenous shocks may gratuitously stimulate both mine produc-tivity and safety. We use fatalities and disasters as a source of exogenous varia-tion to understand how coal mine productivity changes in response to suchshocks. After a coal mining disaster, we find decreases in less severe accidentsand declines in coal production for mines within the affected state, with the totallosses in the state exceeding a billion dollars. We do not find that a disaster hassignificant effects on mine activity nationwide. After to a fatality within a mine,we find evidence for increases in productivity but no evidence of changes in ac-cident rates. Our quantitative analysis using firm level production data is a rarecontribution to a tiny economic literature on firm productivity and safety.

3:05 PMTracking in Returns and Remote Areas of the Underground Mines

T. Michaud; Technology Office, Strata Worldwide, Sandy Springs, GATraditional tracking and communication systems rely on having mine powernearby to operate. For inby areas and remote areas of a mine, the nearest minepower can be miles away leaving these areas of the mine uncovered by tradi-tional technologies. The arrival of the new battery powered wireless trackingsystems has changed this. CONSOL has deployed the latest in wireless mesh bat-tery powered communication systems in remote areas of both Enlow and Baileymines to provide tracking and communication. This presentation will discussthe issues associated with these remote areas; the current monitoring requirements; CONSOL’s battery powered wireless mesh solution; architectureand installation of the system; and the resulting improvements in mine safety.

3:25 PMSustainable Fatigue Management

E. McKenzie; EdanSafe, Pinjarra Hills, QLD, AustraliaFatigue has been recognized as an issue within the mining industry for sometime. ICMM and other bodies are actively promoting various approaches to fa-tigue management. The SmartCap operator fatigue monitoring solution repre-sents the next generation of fatigue monitoring technologies. Independently validated, preemptive in nature and education, the SmartCap solution has beenassessed as being head and shoulders above other fatigue technologies. Thispresentation will introduce participants to the solution and we will present findings from real world adoption of the solution.

MINING & EXPLORATION:Operations: It Happened Again: When

Optimization, Planning, and Reality Collide2:00 PM • Wednesday, February 26

Chairs: C. Roos, Newmont Mining Corporation, Greenwood Village, CO T. Elenbass, Newmont Mining Corporation, Greenwood Village, CO

2:00 PMIntroductions

2:05 PMNext Generation Mine Planning: Advanced Scientific Approach toOptimize your Extraction Sequence

D. Spitty; Solveit, Schneider Electric, Mississauga, ON, CanadaThe generation of ore body models for in-situ resources is subject to rigorouscompliance guidelines. The strategic analysis and planning of an extraction se-quence based on these modeled resources and reserves is then usually subjectto a disparate suite of analysis tools and software applications. The suggestedapproach for Advanced Planning & Scheduling (APS) for Mine Planning providesa single environment for planning and scheduling and takes into considerationthe differences in drivers for decisions - from Strategic Mine Planning driven bybroad financial assumptions to shorter term schedules constructed with grade,tonnage and fleet capacity and productivity assumptions The APS can be appliedto open pit and underground mines, multiple time horizons, optimization objec-tives, and ore types and grades. To achieve optimal results, it employs the latestadvances in Artificial Intelligence (AI) and Operations Research to develop theoptimization and prediction platforms, This enables the ability to compare mul-tiple scenarios of extraction sequences against often competing objectives including tonnage, quality, cost, energy, emissions and NPV to determine thebest strategy.

This is the Technical Program as of September 15, 2013. IT IS SUBJECT TO CHANGE. Please see the Onsite Program for final details.

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TECHNICAL PROGRAM2:25 PMMaintaining Surface and Underground Production ThroughChallenging Geotechnical Events at Gold Quarry

N. Bennett1, R. Sheets1, T. Webber2 and C. Weber3; 1Carlin SurfaceMine Engineering, Newmont Mining Corporation, Elko, NV; 2Carlin Portal Underground Mine Engineering, Newmont Mining Corporation, Elko, NV and 3Newmont Mining Corporation, Denver, COOn December 24, 2009, a large-scale slope failure inhibited significant produc-tion at Newmont’s Gold Quarry open pit mine in Cariln, Nevada. A seperate slopeinstability cut-off access to the Chukar underground portal mine within GoldQuarry in December 2010. With safety as the priority, an innovative plan wasdeveloped and achieved in order to stabilize the highwall and re-establish access to the Chukar underground mine. This brought Gold Quarry back intogold ore production in April 2011.

2:45 PMNetwork Flow Based Algorithm for Open-pit Mine ProductionScheduling with Multiple Processing Destinations and Uncertain Geology

M. Silva, A. Lamghari and R. Dimitrakopoulos; Mining and MaterialsEngineering, McGill University, Montreal, QC, CanadaThe Open-Pit Mine Production Scheduling (OPMPS) comprises several intricaciesrelated to its size (thousands to millions of blocks) and uncertainty of input pa-rameters (e.g. prices, costs, geology, etc.). Due to its complexity and prohibitivesize, traditional mine planning usually relies on heuristic methods which are ableto provide good solutions in a reasonable amount of time. However, generally,most of the uncertainty that surrounds the mining complex is ignored, leading tonon-realistic results. A new heuristic approach is explored here in order to solvea stochastic version of the OPMPS accounting for geological uncertainty, multipleprocessing and stockpiles. The method involves generating an initial solution bysolving a series of subproblems using either Branch-and-Cut or a GreedyHeuristic. Afterwards, this initial solution is improved using a network flowbased algorithm. The algorithm was applied to a gold deposit with more than119,000 blocks, testing different approaches to generate the initial solution anddifferent ways to tackle the nonlinearity introduced by the modeling of stockpile.Results have shown that the approach is promising to deal with large instances.

3:05 PMAnalysis of the Nested-pit Productions Scheduling ApproachUsing Direct Optimization Methodologies

E. Moreno1, O. Rivera1, M. Goycoolea1 and D. Espinoza2; 1UniversidadAdolfo Ibañez, Santiago, Chile and 2Universidad de Chile, Santiago, ChileGiven a block-model of an open cut mine, a production schedule defines whichblocks should be extracted, when to extract them, and what to do with themonce extracted. The conventional nested pit (NP) heuristic for constructing sucha schedule is to compute an ultimate-pit, subdivide it into phases, and schedulethe blocks in the resulting bench-phases by taking into account the resource ca-pacities. It has long been known that production scheduling can be poised as anInteger Programming (IP) problem. However, only recent developments havemade IP computationally viable in real-sized problems. Despite these advances,IP has not been widely adopted. We compare the performance of the IP and NPapproaches on 5 publicly available block models. Despite using a well-knowncommercial NP solver, we find that the IP approach yields significantly higherNPV. To explain this difference we develop a modified IP approach whose solu-tions more closely resemble those of NP by scheduling blocks by bench-phases.This modified IP approach allows us to assess if the difference is due to the in-trinsic limitations of the NP approach, or to the optimization capabilities of theNP solver that we used.

3:25 PMJoint Effect of Commodity Price and Geological Uncertainty Overthe Life of Mine and Ultimate Pit Limit

F. Del Castillo and R. Dimitrakopoulos; Mining and Materials Engineering, McGill University, Montreal, QC, CanadaMining operations are highly affected by risk, where commodity price and geol-ogy can be considered as the most relevant ones, as they will define the pit’s de-sign and the operation’s ability to meet production schedules. Stochastic plan-ning is used to prepare the project to perform when faced to risks, and still meetdesired targets, and to do this, it is valuable to consider flexibility so that the op-eration can react timely to change. A real-option based evaluation approach is

presented, to assess the effects of commodity price and geological uncertaintyover the performance of a mine and the potential life of mine and pit limit modi-fications that may occur. The case study presented shows the value of flexibilitywhen dealing with stochastic scenarios, in contrast with conventional evaluationmethods. It was found that the stochastic method better assesses the project’spotential to expand and provide useful information that traditional methods ig-nore. Results show that including the option to stop mining or expand increasethe operation’s value, but only if expensive infrastructure relocations are prevented.

3:45 PMThe Effects of Postponing the Delivery of Commodity Product –A Real Option Method

K. Zhang1, A. Nieto2 and A. Kleit3; 1Energy and Mineral Engineering,Penn State University, University Park, PA; 2Energy and Mineral Engineering, Penn State University, University Park, PA and 3Energyand Mineral Engineering, Penn State University, University Park, PABy determining the optimal timing of mining activation based on simulation, thispaper determines the in-situ value of a mining project by considering the RealOption Value (ROV). Traditional Discounted Cash Flow (DCF) method can beproblematic because it fails to cover the uncertainties embedded in economicparameters such as commodity price, as well as the operational flexibilities suchas delyaing investment when the commodity price is low. DCF normally resultsin a potential under-evaluation when clear up-trends are presented in commod-ity markets such as gold, silver, copper and lately rare earths. The impacts ofpostponing the delivery on a mine’s NPV and ROV are assessed. Postponingleads to declined NPV and ROV and extended postpone results in higher lost val-ues. For a mine with less mining cost, by postponing, the exercising threshold ofcommodity price is lower because the mine owner anticipates that commodityprice may rise during the time of production; A mine with greater mining cost re-quires a higher exercising-threshold to “lock up” the profit when there is ambiguity of market situation due to postponing the delivery.

4:05 PMParallel Implementation of Tabu Search Procedure for StochasticMine Scheduling

R. Senécal and R. Dimitrakopoulos; Dept. of Mining and Materials Engineering, McGill University, Montréal, QC, CanadaThis paper presents a parallel implementation of a metaheuristic solution forLongtem scheduling optimization of open pit mine under geological uncertain-ties and with stockpiles. A formulation including a leach pad is presented using astochastic integer programming with recourse, which consists of determiningthe optimal mining sequence that maximize the overall net present value at first,while adding a penalty to avoid high deviations from production targets inducedby uncertainty of the metal content. To solve this problem, a parallel implemen-tation of a Tabu Search algorithm is proposed in order to take full advantage ofthe power of computation. The method is tested on a case study to demonstratethe performance of the parallel. The proposed methods are benchmarked usinglinear relaxation of the complete problem to determine the robustness of themethod and provide a better overview of how the methods perform. The resultsshow a net improvement of the method over the sequential solution and the newproposed seems to be promising when working with a large scale data set to obtain a good solution in practical amount of time.

MINING & EXPLORATION:Operations: What Happened to My Mine Costs

2:00 PM • Wednesday, February 26Chair: N. Prenn, Mine Development Associates, Reno, NV

2:00 PMIntroductions

2:05 PMAn Ultra Capacitor Peak Shaver / Rate Rise Limiter for ElectricRope Shovels

G. Madhavarao; Siemens, Alpharetta, GAElectric Rope Shovels present cyclical loads to the power grid with load swingsbetween + 3 and – 2 Mega Watts repeating every 30 – 40 seconds of operation.The RMS load of these machines on the power grid is merely 50 % of that, however, all electrical components have to be sized and procured for the peak

This is the Technical Program as of September 15, 2013. IT IS SUBJECT TO CHANGE. Please see the Onsite Program for final details.

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TECHNICAL PROGRAMpower requirements. At the same time some Electric Rope Shovels are poweredby generator sets because of weak power grids or in remote locations wheregrid power is not available. As the shovel load during digging increases very fast,the generators cannot follow and are stalling, blowing a lot of black smoke in theair. To avoid these problems, additional generators must be set up to provide thesuitable di/dt for the shovel load. Enter the Peak Shaver / Rate Rise Limiter.During electric braking, the unit stores energy in its ultra capacitors and whenpower is required during digging, it supplies current to cut off the cycle’s powerpeaks and also fills in the missing power when the generator has to speed up.This results in downsized, less costly power supply components and, in case ofgenerator operation, ½ of the required generators.

2:25 PMEmpirical Analysis of Open Pit Mining Costs

K. Long; U.S. Geological Survey, Tucson, AZIn the last ten years, more than 850 preliminary economic assessments and feasi-bility studies have been released as NI 43-101 technical reports. Empirical analy-sis of estimated open pit mining costs reported in these studies shows consider-able variation among proposed open pits of comparable size. Assumed diesel fuelprices, the cost of which may be 35 to 45 percent of operating costs, is a signifi-cant source of variation. Capital costs are complicated by choices betweenowner-operated or leased equipment fleets and the use of mining contractors.Increasing capacity reduces operating costs to a greater degree than it increasescapital costs. Given these factors and variable strip ratios, simple cost models thatrelate operating and capital costs to processing capacity are not reliable.

2:45 PMPerforming Zero-base Staffing Analysis to Create Value at a Mine

A. Cornford; Ausenco, Vancouver, BC, Canada2013 has seen metals, industrial minerals, and coal all reduce in price. Manycompanies are taking write-downs to recalibrate their reserves and have en-acted focused cost reduction programs. The public domain includes statementswhere companies have operating cost reduction goals in the $500 million range.Zero-base staffing analysis is a means to achieve optimal employment levels fora given level of production. The method involves measuring the work to be donesimilar to Lean. Lean is a method to review each step production and removeanything that doesn’t add value or is necessary to complete finished goods.Ausenco has applied zero-base methodology to mines worldwide producing re-alistic and sustainable levels of mine staffing based on the quantity of work. Theobjective of the paper is to provide the framework of zero-basing with examplesof application.

MINING & EXPLORATION:Technology: Open Pit Innovations II

2:00 PM • Wednesday, February 26Chair: L. Clark, Independent Consultant, Golden, CO

2:00 PMIntroductions

2:05 PMNew Concepts in Material-transfer Equipment for Surface Mines

M. Lurie and C. Brewka; Thyssenkrupp Robins, Greenwood Village, COThis presentation introduces three new ThyssenKrupp materials-handling sys-tems designed for surface mines. The first is a newly-patented IPCC system thatuses modestly-sized mobile bridges for direct overburden transfer from anybench to the spoils side of a mine laid out like those found in the Powder RiverBasin. The system is also attractive for coal haulage out of the pit. The configura-tion is compatible with truck haulage, and incorporates a number of levels of re-dundancy. Projected capital and operating costs are both a step-change lowerthan for conventional around-the-pit shiftable conveyor systems. The secondconcept “extends the reach” of a loading shovel by low-cost transfer of large-sizeshot rock about three hundred feet, and the third design allows an overland conveyor to continuously load haul trucks, without the need for a surge bin.

2:25 PMMedium-term Open Pit Production Scheduling Optimization withStockpile Consideration

M. Tabesh and H. Askari-Nasab; Mining Optimization Laboratory,School of Mining and Petroleum Engineering, University of Alberta,Edmonton, AB, CanadaOpen pit production scheduling is a complicated multi-step iterative processthat requires rigorous optimization tools to guarantee shareholder value maxi-mization. In this paper, we present near-optimal methodologies for three inter-related key components of open-pit mine planning: controlled optimal phase-design using integer programming; characterization of selective mining-unitswith dilution factor using clustering; and a multi-process medium-term produc-tion scheduling optimization with stockpile consideration. Including stockpilesin a mathematical programming formulation make the model non-linear; andtherefore, we implement piecewise linearization to be able to model themonthly production scheduling as a mixed integer linear programming model.Finally, we illustrate the performance of our planning approach by presentinggold and iron ore case studies in practice.

2:45 PMLeveraging Technology in the Ore Control Process

B. Perez1 and J. Herrrera2; 1Technical Services Mining, Newmont Mining, Greenwood Village, CO and 2Technical Service Mining, Newmont Mining, Greenwood Village, COOpen pit operations rely on ore control systems to distinguish ore from waste byproviding dig outlines to the production fleet. This paper documents the generalaspects of a typical ore control system and discusses the application of newertechnologies such as digline optimization; blast movement and tighter integration with fleet management systems that can be applied to add incremental improvements in value to the overall operation.

3:05 PMOpen Pit to Underground: Optimizing the Transition

B. King and A. Newman; Economics, Colorado School of Mines,Golden, COCurrent industry practice of scheduling extraction in an open pit mine, followedby making underground extraction decisions for the same deposit, leads to sub-optimal extraction in the transition zone. We can use an optimization model todetermine these decisions for maximizing net present value for the mining oper-ation, and adhering to precedence and operational constraints. We illustrate ourtechnique numerically and contrast our work with previous less detailed and/orless formal efforts.

MINING & EXPLORATION:Technology: Will Your Equipment

Communicate? II2:00 PM • Wednesday, February 26

Chair: M. Armstrong, Caterpillar, Inc., South Milwaukee, WI

2:00 PMIntroductions

2:05 PMWiFi Communications Testing at the CSM Edgar Experimental Mine

J. Brune1, R. White2 and B. Greenwood2; 1Colorado School of Mines,Golden, CO and 23D-P, Safford, AZWireless voice and data communication in underground mines and from under-ground areas to the surface is gaining increasing importance in the mining in-dustry. Data on production, equipment performance, ventilation and mine airquality must be continuously communicated, along with voice conversations formine management and coordination of activities. It is important that such com-munication systems can survive a mine disaster, including an explosion, fire, in-undation, and major roof fall. WiFi and similar technology operating in the 2.4and 5.8 GHz ranges is promising – it provides interoperability with a wide rangeof data and voice devices. The wireless nodal network architecture can be designed with redundant nodes and self-healing capabilities that can overcome

This is the Technical Program as of September 15, 2013. IT IS SUBJECT TO CHANGE. Please see the Onsite Program for final details.

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TECHNICAL PROGRAMlocalized damage from the disaster. Researchers from 3D-P and the ColoradoSchool of Mines (CSM) have tested several WiFi communications systems undera variety of conditions in the CSM Edgar Experimental Mine and documentedcommunication distances, data rates and mine geometric conditions that permitWiFi operation.

2:25 PMThe Critical Need for Integration of Multi-platform IntelligentTechnology on Mining Equipment

T. Skinner; SMART Systems Group, Calgary, AB, CanadaThe mining industry, for a number of years, has been developing and applyingintelligent technologies to mining equipment to assist with improvement of pro-ductivity, efficiency, safety, all while reducing life cycle costs. These technologieshave not consistently provided the expected benefits and improvements, and infact, have created additional challenges and problems for all industry stakehold-ers. The primary challenge for the mining industry is the inability to integrate in-telligent technology onboard, and between, mining equipment – “I can’t get thestuff to talk and work with each other” – yet other industries have been able to.Communication between equipment and people is a fundamental prerequisitefor integration and success of technology solutions. This paper will provide anoverview of the mining industry needs for an integrated technology environ-ment, including what the barriers are, and how the mining stakeholders mightovercome them.

2:45 PMAn Open Systems Approach to Accessing Machine Data inUnderground Mines

T. Michaud; Strata Worldwide, Sandy Springs, GAThe next generation of mining machines are laden with technologies to improvesafety, capacity, and dependability of the vehicles. The new machines will have awide range of sensors such as temperatures, fluid capacities, inclination,

payload as well as provide video, health of the VFD components. Some manufac-turers have decided not to share this data with the vehicle owner or require theowner to purchase additional support to access data from their own vehicles.Strata, Saminco and Phillips have been working together to implement a opensystem approach to machine data and provide a variety of methods to retrieveand analyze the data. This paper presents the architecture and design of the system and how is unitizes open standards to access and publish vehicle data.

3:05 PMA New Potential Standard in Monitoring and Optimizing DepositControl in Mining Process Waters

W. Gonzalez; Ashland, Inc., Glenwood, NJWith the increasing demand for minerals and the decline in the quality of ore re-serves, the importance of technologies to maximize recovery is crucial to thesuccess of every operation. As water re-use becomes more prevalent in mining,so does the potential for the formation of inorganic scales such as calcite andgypsum, both of which inhibit effective mineral recovery. Often, the solution tominimize these scales is the implementation of a continuously-fed chemical de-posit control program. Critical to the success of these programs is the effective-ness of the antiscalant chemistry, particularly during process upsets and waterquality variability. This paper examines the application of a proprietary foulinganalyzer that can be used to continuously monitor the formation of scale in mining process streams. Consequently, it can be used to compare different antiscalant programs and to adjust chemical feedrates. Case studies presentedvalidate the applicability of this technology.

This is the Technical Program as of September 15, 2013. IT IS SUBJECT TO CHANGE. Please see the Onsite Program for final details.

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Exhibit Opens Sunday, February 23, 2014To Reserve Booth Space Call: SME Exhibit Sales and Operations at 303.948.4228

E-mail: [emailprotected] • Website: www.smenet.org

Sunday, February 23 4pm – 6pm Exhibit Hall Opening Reception 4pm – 6pm

Monday, February 24 11am – 5:30pm Exhibit Hall Luncheon 11:30am – 1pm

Tuesday, February 25 11am – 5:30pm Exhibit Hall Afternoon Social 3:30pm – 5:30pm

Wednesday, February 26 8am – Noon Exhibit Hall Continental Breakfast 8am – 9:30am

EXHIBIT HALL HOURS & FUNCTIONSLocated in two Lounges and two Restaurants in the hall.

A variety of social functions are planned for the exhibit hall to maximize traffic and encourage interation. Exhibit hall activities are planned around technical sessions. Exhibitors are

encouraged to take advantage of sponsorship opportunities for these functions.

ADVERTISING OPPORTUNITIESJanuary and February Issues of the 2014 ShowGuide

Stand out from the other exhibiting firms! Place your company advertisem*nt in the official ShowGuide that lists sponsors and exhibitor contact information, products and services to be displayed. Opportunities are limited. Contact SME’s Media Manager at 303.948.4243 or email at [emailprotected] for further information.

Advertising in the 2014 Pocket ProgramPlace your company’s name in the hands of every attendee. Insert your ad (only cover positions are available) in the on-site pocket program. Contact SME’s Media Manager at 303.948.4243 or email at [emailprotected] for further information.

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1335

1333 1432

1430

1329 1428

1327 1426

1347 1446

1345 1444

1441 1540

1439 1538

1435 1534

1532

1431

1429 1528

1427 1526

1934

1833 1932

1831 1930

1829 1928

1827 1926

1445 1544

1539 1738

1746

1744

2041 2140

2039 2138

2047 2146

2045 2144

2141 2240

2139 2238

2147 2246

2145 2244

2241 2340

2239 2338

2346

2245 2344

2339 2438

2347 2446

2345 2444

2441 2540

2439 2538

2447 2546

2445 2544

2541 2640

2539 2638

2547 2646

2545 2644

2641 2740

2639 2738

2647 2746

2645 2744

2741 2840

2739 2838

2745

2915 3014

2913 3012

2921 3020

2919 3018

3015 3114

3013 3112

3021 3120

3019 3118

3115 3214

3121 3220

3119 3218

3215 3314

3213 3312

3221 3320

3219 3318

3315

3313

3321

3319

3203 3302

3201 3300

3209 3308

3207 3306

3303

3301

3309

3307

1047 1146

1045 1144

1241

1239 1338

1235

1233 1332

1231 1330

1229 1328

1321 1420

1317 1416

1621

1619

1617 1716 1917 2017 2116 2216

2214

1535

1632

1531

1529 1628

1735

1731 1830

1729 1828

2034

1933

1931 2030

1929 2028

1247

1245 1344

123

121

119 218

515

817

815 914

622

521 620

623

621 720

423 522

421 520

419 518

723

721 820

719 818

711 810

709 808

707 806

701 800

803

801 900 901 1000

811 910

807 906

917

915 1014

921 1020821

911

909

907 1006

1003

1001 1100

1011

1108

1007 1106

1202

1101 1200

1111 1210

1109 1208

1107 1206

1203 1302

1201 1300

1211

1308

1207 1306

1301 1400

1410

1309

1307 1406

1401

1407

1501

1509

1415 1514

1421 1520

1515 1715

1521

1723

1721 1820

1823

1821 1920

2134

2033 2132

2031 2130

2029 2128

2027 2126

2234

2133

2131 2230

2129 2228

2235 2334

2233 2332

2231 2330

2328

2227 2326

2335 2434

2333 2432

2331 2430

2329 2428

2200 2200

2023 2122

2021 2120

2223 2322

2221 2320

2318

2217 2316

2523 2622

2521 2620

2519 2618

2517 2616

2327 2426

2435 2534

2433 2532

2431 2530

2429 2528

2200 22002427 2526

2535

2533 2632

2531 2630

2529 2628

2200 22002527 2626

2635 2734

2633 2732

2631 2730

2728

2627 22002726

2735

2733 2830

2731

2729 2828

2200 22002727 2826

2321

2315

2522

2421 2520

2415

2722

2621 2720

2617

2615 2714

2723 2822

2721 2820

2717

2715 2814

2123 2222

2121 2220

1627

1635 1734

1633 1732

1601 1700

1609 1708 1909 2009 220818091709

1605 1704

1802

1701 1800

1705

1902

1801 1900

1805

1901

2102

2001 2100

2005

2101 2200

2204

2209

2207 2306

2203

2201 2300

2211 2310

2307 2406

2301 2400

2311

2407

2403 2502

2401 2500

2507

2501

2609 2708

2607 2706

2702

2601 2700

2611 2710

2709 2808

2707 2806

2701 2800

2711 2810

323 422

321 420

CYBER CAFE

RESTAURANT

LOUNGE

RESTAURANT

RECRUITMENT PAVILION CAMESE

ENTRANCE

AUSTRALIANDELEGATION

INTE

ATI

VIL

ION

FREE

N S

ERV

ICES

EXHIBITORLOUNGE SME

SALES & OPS

POSTERSESSIONS

SALT LAKE CITY 2014

as of October 10, 2013See interactive floorplan at www.smenet.orgfor current sold/available booths.

105 204

103 202

111 210

109 208

205

203 302

211

209 308

303 402

405

403 502 503 602

311

307 408

217 316

215 314 315

223

221 320

141 240

139 238

147 246

145 244

241

239 338

247 346

245 344

339 438

347 446

345 444

441 540

439 538

447 546

445 544

541 640

539 638

641 740

639 738

533 632

630

529 628

635

631 730

629 728

841 940

839 938

835 934

833 932

930

829 928

1039 1138

1132

1031 1130

1029 1128

527 626

741 840

739 838

735 834

733

731 830

729 828

727 826

941 1040

939 1038

935

933 1032

931 1030

929 1028

927 1026

547 646

545 644

647 746

645 744

747 846

745 844

847 946

845 944

947 1046

945 1044

1240

1139 1238

1234

1133 1232

1131 1230

1228

1127 1226

1147 1246

1145 1244

1339 1438

1335

1333 1432

1430

1329 1428

1327 1426

1347 1446

1345 1444

1441 1540

1439 1538

1435 1534

1532

1431

1429 1528

1427 1526

1934

1833 1932

1831 1930

1829 1928

1827 1926

1445 1544

1539 1738

1746

1744

2041 2140

2039 2138

2047 2146

2045 2144

2141 2240

2139 2238

2147 2246

2145 2244

2241 2340

2239 2338

2346

2245 2344

2339 2438

2347 2446

2345 2444

2441 2540

2439 2538

2447 2546

2445 2544

2541 2640

2539 2638

2547 2646

2545 2644

2641 2740

2639 2738

2647 2746

2645 2744

2741 2840

2739 2838

2745

2915 3014

2913 3012

2921 3020

2919 3018

3015 3114

3013 3112

3021 3120

3019 3118

3115 3214

3121 3220

3119 3218

3215 3314

3213 3312

3221 3320

3219 3318

3315

3313

3321

3319

3203 3302

3201 3300

3209 3308

3207 3306

3303

3301

3309

3307

1047 1146

1045 1144

1241

1239 1338

1235

1233 1332

1231 1330

1229 1328

1321 1420

1317 1416

1621

1619

1617 1716 1917 2017 2116 2216

2214

1535

1632

1531

1529 1628

1735

1731 1830

1729 1828

2034

1933

1931 2030

1929 2028

1247

1245 1344

123

121

119 218

515

817

815 914

622

521 620

623

621 720

423 522

421 520

419 518

723

721 820

719 818

711 810

709 808

707 806

701 800

803

801 900 901 1000

811 910

807 906

917

915 1014

921 1020821

911

909

907 1006

1003

1001 1100

1011

1108

1007 1106

1202

1101 1200

1111 1210

1109 1208

1107 1206

1203 1302

1201 1300

1211

1308

1207 1306

1301 1400

1410

1309

1307 1406

1401

1407

1501

1509

1415 1514

1421 1520

1515 1715

1521

1723

1721 1820

1823

1821 1920

2134

2033 2132

2031 2130

2029 2128

2027 2126

2234

2133

2131 2230

2129 2228

2235 2334

2233 2332

2231 2330

2328

2227 2326

2335 2434

2333 2432

2331 2430

2329 2428

2200 2200

2023 2122

2021 2120

2223 2322

2221 2320

2318

2217 2316

2523 2622

2521 2620

2519 2618

2517 2616

2327 2426

2435 2534

2433 2532

2431 2530

2429 2528

2200 22002427 2526

2535

2533 2632

2531 2630

2529 2628

2200 22002527 2626

2635 2734

2633 2732

2631 2730

2728

2627 22002726

2735

2733 2830

2731

2729 2828

2200 22002727 2826

2321

2315

2522

2421 2520

2415

2722

2621 2720

2617

2615 2714

2723 2822

2721 2820

2717

2715 2814

2123 2222

2121 2220

1627

1635 1734

1633 1732

1601 1700

1609 1708 1909 2009 220818091709

1605 1704

1802

1701 1800

1705

1902

1801 1900

1805

1901

2102

2001 2100

2005

2101 2200

2204

2209

2207 2306

2203

2201 2300

2211 2310

2307 2406

2301 2400

2311

2407

2403 2502

2401 2500

2507

2501

2609 2708

2607 2706

2702

2601 2700

2611 2710

2709 2808

2707 2806

2701 2800

2711 2810

323 422

321 420

CYBER CAFE

RESTAURANT

LOUNGE

RESTAURANT

RECRUITMENT PAVILION CAMESE

ENTRANCE

AUSTRALIANDELEGATION

INTE

ATI

VIL

ION

FREE

N S

ERV

ICES

EXHIBITORLOUNGE SME

SALES & OPS

POSTERSESSIONS

EXHIBIT FLOORPLAN

SOLD PREMIUM PRIME STANDARD

136

3M Company . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1735AATA International, Inc . . . . . . . . 2534ABC Industries, Inc . . . . . . . . . . . 1133Abel Pumps, L.P. . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1228Abresist Kalenborn Corp . . . . . . . 2023Acrow Corp of America

(Acrow Bridges) . . . . . . . . . . .934Action Mining Services Inc . . . . . . .806Active Minerals International, LLC 2735ACZ Laboratories, Inc . . . . . . . . . . 1526Advanced Terra Testing, Inc . . . . . 1229Aerix Industries . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1111Agapito Associates, Inc . . . . . . . . . 1226Agru America, Inc . . . . . . . . . . . . .928AIL Mining . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1332AIRPLACO EQUIPMENT (division of

Mesa Industries, Inc) . . . . . . . 2638Alaska Structures, Inc . . . . . . . . . 1401AMEC . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1106American Assay laboratories Inc . . .238American Geosciences Institute . . . .540American Institute of Professional

Geologists . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 910American Mining Insurance Co . . . 1139American Peat Technology . . . . . . .602American-Marsh Pumps . . . . . . . . .209ANDRITZ Automation . . . . . . . . . .408AngloGold Ashanti. . . . . . . . . . . . .438Anvil International . . . . . . . . . . . 1026APS America LLC. . . . . . . . . . . . . . 522ARCADIS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .826ASD, Inc - A PANalytical Company. . .829ASGCO Complete Conveyor Solutions 2200Ashland Inc . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2507ASTEC Mining. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2033Atkinson Construction . . . . . . . . . 1633Atlas Copco CMT . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1317Ausenco Engineering Inc . . . . . . . 1805Autonomous Solutions, Inc . . . . . . 2639Avanti International . . . . . . . . . . 2214AZZ Incorporated . . . . . . . . . . . . 2609Baldor Electric Company . . . . . . . 2438Baroid Industrial Drilling Products. 1014Barr Engineering Co . . . . . . . . . . 1833Barrick Gold of North America . . . . .533BASF Corporation . . . . . . . . . . . . 1415Bayco Products, Inc . . . . . . . . . . . 2727Beck Engineering . . . . . . . . . . . . . 202Behrent Engineering Co . . . . . . . . 2318Beijing STS Instrument Co, Ltd. . . . .840BEUMER Kansas City LLC . . . . . . . 2714BHP Billiton New Mexico Coal . . . . .244Bi State Rubber . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1445BICO Inc . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1929Big C: Dino-Lite Scopes . . . . . . . . . .539Big-D Construction . . . . . . . . . . . .444Bilfinger Water Technologies . . . . . 2333Blome International. . . . . . . . . . . 2715Blue Water Technologies, Inc . . . . . .729

BMT Acquisition, LLC . . . . . . . . . . . 623Boart Longyear. . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1709Boy Scouts of America . . . . . . . . . .302Bray Controls . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1028Brokk Inc. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .538Brookville Equipment Corp . . . . . . 1410Bruker . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2711Bruker-Elemental . . . . . . . . . . . . 1932Brunel Corp . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2517CAE Mining . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .402Cambria County Assn for Blind

& Handicapped (CAB) . . . . . . 2311Canadian Institute of Mining, Metallurgy

& Petroleum (CIM) . . . . . . . . 2241Canadian Mining Journal . . . . . . . 1307Canary Systems, Inc. . . . . . . . . . . .208Canty, Inc. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2126CAP Logistics . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2721Cardno MM&A . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .204Carlson Software . . . . . . . . . . . . . 515CDM Smith . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2615Cementation USA Inc . . . . . . . . . . .632Cero Systems . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2347CETCO. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .909CH2M HILL . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .834Challenger Pipe & Steel, LLC . . . . . . 811Chamco Industries, Ltd. . . . . . . . . 1130Chevron Phillips Chemical Co LP . . 1821CiDRA Minerals Processing, Inc . . . 1731Civil & Environmental Consultants Inc .2702ClearSpan Fabric Structures . . . . . 2700Coal People Magazine. . . . . . . . . . .833Coal Prep - Penton Media . . . . . . . . 321Coalfield Connection . . . . . . . . . . .929COLETANCHE . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 320Colorado Mining Association (CMA) 2120Colorado School of Mines . . . . . . . 1241Conley Equipment Co . . . . . . . . . . 1138Connors Drilling LLC . . . . . . . . . . 1427CONSOL Energy . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1240Contech Engineered Solutions . . . . 1338ContiTech North America . . . . . . . 2701Copper State Bolt & Nut Co . . . . . . 1039Cornell Pump Co . . . . . . . . . . . . . .720Cowan International . . . . . . . . . . .345Crystals Unlimited . . . . . . . . . . . 1301Custom Linings, Inc . . . . . . . . . . . 1344Cytec Industries Inc . . . . . . . . . . . 1802Daigh Company, Inc . . . . . . . . . . . 1534Dakota Fabricating Inc . . . . . . . . . . 620Dassault Systemes GEOVIA USA Corp . 1520David Brown Gearing Systems USA Inc . 2635DelHur Industries, Inc . . . . . . . . . . 931Derrick Corporation . . . . . . . . . . 1501DMC Mining Services Corp . . . . . . 2005DMK USA Inc . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2338DNV Business Assurance . . . . . . . . 419The Doe Run Co. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 141Donaldson Company Clean Solutions. 2031

Donaldson Torit . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2030Drummond Co, Inc. . . . . . . . . . . . . 241Dry Systems Technologies. . . . . . . . 518DSI Underground Systems, Inc . . . . 1708Duechting Pumps North America, LP 908DXP Safety Services . . . . . . . . . . . .503ECC Corrosion, Inc . . . . . . . . . . . . 2710ECSI, LLC . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1030Eirich Machines, Inc . . . . . . . . . . . 1329Emerson Process Management. . . . 1438EMI-Global . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 721Endress+Hauser . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2500Enduride Canada USA Inc . . . . . . . . 935Energy Laboratories, Inc. . . . . . . . . 915Engart Inc . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2322Engineering Seismology Group (ESG) . 2129Envirocon, Inc . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2203ENVIRON International Corp . . . . . .735Environmental Products & Applications . 2211Epic Polymer . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2520Equalizer USA. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .639ERIEZ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1909ERM (Environmental Resources

Management) . . . . . . . . . . . . . 927Esri . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2032Euclid Chemical Co . . . . . . . . . . . . 711Eurodrip USA . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1044FabEnCo, Inc. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .733Fairmont Supply Co . . . . . . . . . . . . 740Falcon Performance Footwear . . . . . 527FEI Company . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1339Fisher & Strickler Rock

Engineering, LLC . . . . . . . . . 2221FKC-Lake Shore . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1544Flexco . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2501Flottweg Separation Technology, Inc . 2435Flowrox Inc . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1715FLSmidth. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1809FMC Technologies . . . . . . . . . . . . 2233Foresight Energy Services LLC. . . . .239Forge Group North America. . . . . . . 933Formsprag LLC . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1744Foth Infrastructure & Environment, LLC . 838Freeport-McMoRan Copper & Gold . .338Frontier Water Systems . . . . . . . . 1931Gannett Fleming, Inc . . . . . . . . . . 2204GBM Engineers LLC . . . . . . . . . . . 2327GE Mining . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1031GEA Westfalia Separator. . . . . . . . 1231Gems & Crystals Unlimited . . . . . . 1045General Kinematics Corp . . . . . . . 1632General Moly . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1429Geokon, Inc . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2121Geo-Logic Associates . . . . . . . . . . 2806Geotemps, Inc . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .828GIW Industries, Inc . . . . . . . . . . . 1830Global Mining Standards and

Guidelines Group (GMSG) . . . . 2332Goldcorp Inc. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .139

(as of October 16, 2013)

EXHIBITORS

137

Golder Associates . . . . . . . . . . . . 2001Great Basin Industrial . . . . . . . . . 1107Grindex Pumps . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1933Guardvant Inc. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 221Gustavson Associates. . . . . . . . . . 1032Hagglunds Drives (Bosch Rexroth Corp) . 1828Harrison R Cooper Systems Inc . . . 2626Harrison Western Construction Corp 420Hayward Baker Inc . . . . . . . . . . . 1210HDR . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2607Heintzmann Corp . . . . . . . . . . . . 1704Hepburn Engineering Inc . . . . . . . 2239Herrenknecht Tunnelling

Systems USA, Inc . . . . . . . . . 2315Hilfiker Retaining Walls . . . . . . . . 1100The Hilliard Corp . . . . . . . . . . . . 2123Hitachi Mining Division . . . . . . . . 1827HI-Tech Rockfall Construction Inc. . 2723Holman-Wilfley Ltd . . . . . . . . . . . 2133Honeywell Inc. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2421Hose Solutions Inc . . . . . . . . . . . . 2434Houston International Insurance Group. 2029Howden North America . . . . . . . . 3201HUESKER, Inc . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2034Huntsman . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1232IKON Mining & Exploration . . . . . . 2301Immersive Technologies . . . . . . . . 1521Independent Mining Consultants, Inc . 1820Industrial Info Resources Inc. . . . . 1406Industrial Minerals . . . . . . . . . . . 2331Inflatable Packers International LLC . 2429InfoMine Inc . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2100Instituto de Ingenieros de Minas

del Peru (IIMP). . . . . . . . . . . 2329INTERA Inc . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2302Intermountain Electronics, Inc . . . . 701International Mining . . . . . . . . . . 2102International Society of Explosives

Engineers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2328Interplastic Corporation . . . . . . . . .738Intersystems Sampling. . . . . . . . . 2310inthinc Technology Solutions, Inc . . 2400Irathane Systems Inc . . . . . . . . . . 1211IronSyte Monitors . . . . . . . . . . . . 2717ISCO Industries, LLC . . . . . . . . . . 1531Itasca . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2207Jacobs Engineering Group Inc . . . . 1738JADCO Manufacturing, Inc. . . . . . . 1040Janice Evert Opals . . . . . . . . . . . . .803JBR Environmental Consultants, Inc 1435JC Steele Group of Companies. . . . . 2427Jennmar Corp . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1108JKTech/Contract Support Services . 1601Johnson Industries Ltd . . . . . . . . . 1011Joy Global. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1609K.R. Komarek Inc. . . . . . . . . . . . . 1038Kaydon Cooper Bearings. . . . . . . . .303Kemira . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .907Kepner Tregoe . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1335

Kinder Morgan Engineering & Conveying. .2134Kinross Gold USA . . . . . . . . . . . . .344Knight Piésold and Co . . . . . . . . . 1617KNS Communications Consultants . .830Komatsu America Corp. . . . . . . . . .544Koppern Equipment, Inc . . . . . . . . .727Laird. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1234Landmark Tank Services/

Landmark Fabrication . . . . . . 2720Layne Christensen Co. . . . . . . . . . 1321Leica Geosystems Mining . . . . . . . 1800Liebherr Mining Equipment Co . . . 1127Life Cycle Engineering . . . . . . . . . 1140LIM Technology Inc . . . . . . . . . . . 2746Line Power Manufacturing . . . . . . .820Linkan Engineering . . . . . . . . . . . 1245Littleford Day Inc . . . . . . . . . . . . 1345Logan Corporation . . . . . . . . . . . .308Low Pro. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2601Luff Industries Ltd. . . . . . . . . . . . . 521Lufkin Industries, Inc . . . . . . . . . . .628Lyntek Services Inc (LSX) . . . . . . . 1705Lyntek, Inc . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1700Maccaferri, Inc . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 815Mackay School of Earth Sciences

and Engineering . . . . . . . . . . .441Magnus Pacific Corp . . . . . . . . . . 2131MALA GeoScience USA, Inc . . . . . . 2334Maptek . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1901Marland Clutch . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1746Martin Engineering . . . . . . . . . . . 1309Master Technologies Ltd . . . . . . . . 2320MATEC IN AMERICA . . . . . . . . . . 2814Matrix Design Group . . . . . . . . . . .730Matrix Service . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 529Matterhorn Footwear. . . . . . . . . . . 218Maverick Applied Science, Inc . . . . 2616McLanahan Corp . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1000McLellan Industries, Inc . . . . . . . . 2201ME Elecmetal . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1509Megator - Pumps 2000 America . . . 2706Metal Mining Consultants Inc . . . . . 215Metcom Technologies Inc . . . . . . . 2822MICON . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2521Micromine USA . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1635Midsun Specialty Products . . . . . . 1239Midwest Industrial Supply, Inc . . . . 1206Mill Man Steel, Inc . . . . . . . . . . . . 1202Millcreek Engineering Co . . . . . . . 1430Miller Sales & Engineering . . . . . . 2739Mine Cable Services Corp . . . . . . . .629Mine Development Associates . . . . 2017Mine Site Technologies (USA), Inc . . .906MineIndustryJobs.com . . . . . . . . . .640Minemax . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2228The Mineral Lab, Inc . . . . . . . . . . 1109Mineral Technologies . . . . . . . . . . 1029Minerals Education Coalition. . . . . . 615

Miners News/Mining Directories . . 1721Mining & Environmental Services, LLC . 641Mining Engineering Magazine . . . . . 611Mining Magazine. . . . . . . . . . . . . 2444Mining Media International. . . . . . 2227The Mining Record . . . . . . . . . . . 1801Mining Technologies International Inc

(MTI) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1619Mintec, Inc . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1407Missouri University of Science

& Technology . . . . . . . . . . . . 2220Mixtec North America . . . . . . . . . 2708MMD Mineral Sizing (America) Inc . 2621Montana Tech - School of Mines

& Engineering . . . . . . . . . . . .445Moretrench . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2216Motion Metrics International Corp . 2527Multotec Canada Ltd . . . . . . . . . . .709MWH . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1328The NanoSteel Co . . . . . . . . . . . . . 917National Drilling Association. . . . . .630National Exploration, Wells & Pumps 901National Institute for Occupational

Safety & Health . . . . . . . . . . 1917Naylor Pipe Co . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1900Nelson Williams Linings, Inc . . . . . .940Neptune Wheel Wash Systems . . . . .502Netafim USA. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 911New Mexico Institute of Mining &

Technology . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 731NewFields Mining & Design . . . . . . .930Newmont Mining Corp . . . . . . . . . .339Nexans AmerCable . . . . . . . . . . . 1001Nicholson Construction Co . . . . . . 1203Ningbo FengYue Luminescence

Technology Co, Ltd . . . . . . . . . 841NORAMCO Engineering Corp . . . . . 1327Nordic Lights NA, Inc . . . . . . . . . . . 622Nordmin Engineering Ltd . . . . . . . 2627Norseman Structures . . . . . . . . . . 2519North American Specialty Products 2028Northwest Linings & Geotextile

Products, Inc . . . . . . . . . . . . . 210Northwest Mining Association . . . . 2021OI Analytical - A Xylem Brand . . . . . 311OneMine.org. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 421Open Loop Energy, Inc . . . . . . . . . .635Optech Inc . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 707ORELOGY. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2335OREMAX . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1200Orica/Minova . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2217OSIsoft, LLC . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1723Outotec (USA), Inc . . . . . . . . . . . . 1515Phoenix Analysis & Design Technologies

(PADT) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2231Pall Corp . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1330PEMO Pumps . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .638Pennoni Associates Inc . . . . . . . . . 2316PerkinElmer. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2128

(as of October 16, 2013)

EXHIBITORS

138

PHOENIX First Response . . . . . . . 2523PHOENIX Process Equipment Co . . 2401Pillar Innovations . . . . . . . . . . . . .800Pintsch Bubenzer . . . . . . . . . . . . 2426Plastatech Engineering, Ltd. . . . . . 2132Poco*ck Industrial, Inc. . . . . . . . . . 1128Polycorp Ltd. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .728Polydeck Screen Corp. . . . . . . . . . .900Pompaction Inc . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2234Porta Floor. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2732Precision Light and Air Pty Ltd . . . 2340Precision Pulley & Idler . . . . . . . . 1300Precision Sampling . . . . . . . . . . . 2618Predictive Compliance . . . . . . . . . 2622Presto Geosystems . . . . . . . . . . . . 817Procon Technologies Inc . . . . . . . . 2620Putzmeister Shotcrete Technology . .938QSP Packers, LLC. . . . . . . . . . . . . 1538Quinn Process Equipment Co . . . . . 1605Rail-Veyor Technologies GlobaI Inc 2828Rain for Rent . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1006Rajant Corp . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1528RAM Enterprise, Inc. . . . . . . . . . . 2406RDH Mining Equipment . . . . . . . . 2826RDO Integrated Controls . . . . . . . 2800REI Drilling, Inc . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2808The Reinforced Earth Company . . . 1201Remote Control Technologies (RCT) 541Renishaw Inc . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1207Resource West, Inc . . . . . . . . . . . 2415REXA . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2300Rexnord Industries, LLC . . . . . . . . 2306Richway Industries . . . . . . . . . . . .939Richwood . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1934Rider Levett Bucknall. . . . . . . . . . .839Riegl USA. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .739Risun Technologies . . . . . . . . . . . .205Rocklabs Ltd . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2526RockTech USA, Inc . . . . . . . . . . . . 2135Rocky Mountain Coal Mining Institute .2617Rocky Mountain Fabrication . . . . . 1902ROPLAST GmbH . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2326RPA Inc . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1233RPS Composites Inc . . . . . . . . . . . 2611RSG Inc . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2122Ruen Drilling, Inc . . . . . . . . . . . . 1302RungePinco*ckMinarco . . . . . . . . . 1132SAFEmine Ltd. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1532Safety Solutions International, Inc . 2722Samson . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 423Samuel Engineering, Inc . . . . . . . . 2522Scantech International Pty Ltd. . . . 2535Schauenburg Flexadux Corp . . . . . 1426Schenck Process Mining NA. . . . . . 1428Schlumberger/MI Swaco. . . . . . . . 1732Schneider Electric . . . . . . . . . . . . . 315

Schweitzer Engineering Laboratories, Inc . . . . . . . . . 2840

Schwing Bioset Inc. . . . . . . . . . . . 1829SciAps, Inc . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2545Scotia International of Nevada, Inc 2726Seal Source Inc . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2738Sempertrans . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2431SGS Minerals Services . . . . . . . . . 1306Shotcrete Technologies, Inc . . . . . . 1920Sick Pty Ltd . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2632SIEMAG TECBERG, Inc . . . . . . . . . .723Siemens Industry, Inc . . . . . . . . . . 2832SimplexGrinnell . . . . . . . . . . . . . .123Simtars . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2630Skanska USA Civil . . . . . . . . . . . . 1007SlideMinder - Call and Nicholas

Instruments Inc . . . . . . . . . . 2222SME Auction - Environmental Division .706SME Foundation . . . . . . . . . . . . . .601SMI Evaporative Solutions . . . . . . 1235Society for Mining, Metallurgy &

Exploration (SME) . . . . . . . . .607SonFill LLC. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2130South Dakota School of Mines &

Technology . . . . . . . . . . . . . .545Spendrup Fan Co . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1420Split Engineering. . . . . . . . . . . . . 1628Sprung Structures . . . . . . . . . . . . . 621SPX Corp . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1716SRK Consulting Inc . . . . . . . . . . . 1823Stantec . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 921Starkey & Associates, Inc . . . . . . . . 810Stewart Brothers Drilling Co . . . . . 2209Stockpile Reports . . . . . . . . . . . . . 203Strata Products Worldwide, LLC. . . 2208Sumitomo Drive Technologies . . . . 1131Sunset Manufacturing . . . . . . . . . . 439Superior Industries . . . . . . . . . . . .807Surecrete Inc . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1540Svendborg Brakes USA, Inc . . . . . . 2235Sy-Klone International . . . . . . . . . 2245System Contols, Inc . . . . . . . . . . . . 323Target Logistics . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 631TDC, LLC . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2838Team Mixing Technologies, Inc. . . . 1529TenCate Geotube . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 422Tenova Mining and Minerals . . . . . 2407Tensar International Corporation . . 2707TerraSource Global . . . . . . . . . . . 2027Tescan USA Inc . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1431Tessenderlo Kerley, Inc . . . . . . . . . . 520Tetra Tech . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1621Thermo Scientific . . . . . . . . . . . . 2101Thunderbird Mining Systems. . . . . 1400ThyssenKrupp . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2321TIC - The Industrial Co/Kiewit . . . . 1421Timberline Drilling, Inc . . . . . . . . 1238

TLT-Babco*ck, Inc . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1831TMEIC . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2745TOMRA Sorting. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 626Tons Per Hour, Inc./Jingjin

Environmental . . . . . . . . . . . 1539Toyo Pumps North America, LLC . . 1432Tsurumi Pump . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1308Tunnel Radio . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1535Twin City Clarage, Inc. . . . . . . . . . .801U.S. Tsubaki Power Transmission, LLC. 309Ultra Tech Pipe . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1333United Central Industrial Supply . . . 719University of British Columbia,

Mining Engineering. . . . . . . . .240Univar USA Inc . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1230University of Arizona Mining and

Geological Engineering . . . . . . 818University of Utah, Mining

Engineering Dept . . . . . . . . . . 821URS Corporation . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1701US Synthetic Mining. . . . . . . . . . . . 941UTC Overseas, Inc . . . . . . . . . . . . 2230Valley Forge & Bolt Manufacturing Co . 1926Van Gorp Corporation . . . . . . . . . 1444VEGA Americas, Inc . . . . . . . . . . . 1016Veolia Water Solutions & Technologies .1101Verder, Inc . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2820Veyance Technologies Inc . . . . . . . 1514Victaulic . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1734Viega . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1930Virginia Tech Dept of Mining

& Minerals Engineering . . . . . .808Voith Turbo Inc . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 914VP Buildings Inc . . . . . . . . . . . . . .835Wabi Iron and Steel . . . . . . . . . . . 1441Watson-Marlow Pumps Group . . . . 2307Weir Minerals - North America . . . 1627West Virginia Univ Dept of Mining

Engineering. . . . . . . . . . . . . . 932WesTech Engineering, Inc . . . . . . . 2009Western Cultural Resource

Management, Inc . . . . . . . . . 1928Western Environmental Testing Lab

(WETLAB) . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1208Westpro Machinery Inc . . . . . . . . 1416Wiley Consulting, LLC . . . . . . . . . 1729Willowstick Technologies LLC . . . . 1003Women’s Mining Coalition. . . . . . . 2116World Coal . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2539The Wright Group Inc. . . . . . . . . . 1439WSI International, LLC . . . . . . . . . .403Xtek . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2339Xylem (Godwin/Flygt) . . . . . . . . . 1020Yellow Jacket Drilling Services . . . . .223ZCL Composites Inc . . . . . . . . . . . 2502Zeroday Enterprises, LLC . . . . . . . 2403Zonge Engineering & Research

Organization, Inc . . . . . . . . . 2223

(as of October 16, 2013)

EXHIBITORS

139

(as of O ctober 15, 2013)

Thank you to the following sponsors for their generous support of the2014 SME Annual Meeting & Exhibit.

For more information about sponsorships please contact:Liz Jones at 303.948.4216 or [emailprotected]

Student Mixer:Newmont Mining Corporation

Official Conference Bags:Caterpillar, Inc.

Neck Lanyards:Maptek

Plant Operators’ Forum:Barrick North America

Hotel Room Drop:Schneider Electric

Hotel Key Cards:Outotec USA, Inc.

Proceedings USB Flash Drive:Mintec, Inc.

International Reception:MWH Global, Inc.

Scotch Night Cap:PANalyticalWeir Minerals North America

Coal & Energy Division Luncheon & Silent Auction: PrepTech, Inc.Mining & Exploration Division Luncheon & Silent Auction: Hitachi Construction and Mining KGHM International, Inc.Industrial Minerals & Aggregates Division Luncheon: Cytec Industries, Inc.SME Technical Session: MWH Global, Inc.Student Forum: MWH Global, Inc.SME/NSSGA Student Design Competition: Hitachi Construction and MiningSME Photo Contest: Hitachi Construction and Mining

Gold Level: CH2M Hill Veolia Water SolutionsCopper Level: FLSmidth MWH Global Kemira North AmericaIron Level: Blue Water Technologies HDR Salva

GOLD LEVEL SPONSORS

SILVER LEVEL SPONSORS

BRONZE LEVEL SPONSORS

WATER IN MINERAL PROCESSING SYMPOSIUM SPONSORS

Newmont Mining Corporation

OFFICIAL 2014 MEETING SPONSOR

2014 SPONSORS

140

Benefits Include:• Recognition in the 2014 Pocket Program• Event-specific signage (where applicable)• Recognition at the sponsored event (where

applicable)• Company name printed on item (where applicable)• One complimentary advanced registration list• Recognition in Mining Engineering, the official

publication of the Society for Mining, Metallurgy & Exploration, Inc. (SME) in the January (Special Show Guide Issue), February (Special Show Guide Issue) and March issue.

• Company logo on SME Web page with a link to your company’s Website

• Exhibitor Priority Points towards your booth selection (points are earned for current year exhibitors only, please see the specific sponsorship opportunity for number of priority points that will be awarded)

• Sponsorship recognition ribbons

Exhibit Hall Lounge or Restaurant Sponsorship $8,000 Restaurant Sponsor – Two Opportunities (5 Exhibitor Priority Points)

$6,000 Lounge Sponsor – Two Opportunities Available (4 Exhibitor Priority Points)

Receive recognition throughout the conference as a sponsor of one of the two restaurants or one of the two lounges on the exhibit floor. The restaurants and lounges are meeting and social points on the exhibit floor. Bars and food are set up in them for all exhibit functions (Sunday Night Grand Opening Reception, Monday Lunch, Tuesday Afternoon Social, and Wednesday Continental Breakfast). By sponsoring a restaurant or lounge you will be recognized as the sponsor within the restaurant or lounge.

2014 Annual Meeting Mobile App$20,000 exclusive (6 Exhibitor Priority Points) or $1,000+ Multiple Opportunties Available

More and more attendees are using smart phones and apps, this app can be used by Blackberry devices, Android and iPhone to keep attendees up to date on what is going on throughout the conference. Attendees can see a map of the exhibit floor keep up to date with information for individual companies and also stay up to date with all the technical sessions, committee meetings and social events that take place during the meeting. As a sponsor your company name and/or logo will appear on pages throughout the app.

ADDITIONAL BENEFIT FOR EXCLUSIVE SPONSOR ONLY!• Be the exclusive advertiser for social events, technical sessions and calendar of events.

Cyber Café and Charging Station$8,000 exclusive (6 Exhibitor Priority Points) or 4 at $2000 ea. (1 Exhibitor Priority Points)

(Five sponsorship opportunities are available – two computer stations each.)

Keep them connected! Be a sponsor of the Cyber Café! There is space for ten computers with Internet connection for attendees to surf the Web and check e-mail. Your corporate materials will be available for attendees to pick up, and your corporate logo will be recognized on the front screen as sponsor. Your corporate Web site is set as the home page.

Student ForumSunday, February 23, 2014

$8,000 exclusive (6 Exhibitor Priority Points) or 4 at $2000 ea. (2 Exhibitor Priority Points)

Connect with over 300 future leaders and professionals by sponsoring the SME Student Forum. Learn about the latest projects in academia. Be the first to know the winners of the 2012 Outstanding Student Chapter Annual Report. The winner of the GEM Student Chapter award will be presented to the winning chapter. SME’s Board of Directors and SME chapter chairs are invited to attend. Sponsors will also have the opportunity to address the audience and promote their product(s). Light hors d’oeuvres and drinks (cash bar) will be served.

SME Dinner Wine SponsorWednesday, February 26, 2014

$8,000 exclusive (6 Exhibitor Priority Points)

Place your cpompany’s name at every table of one of the last of the official events of the Annual Meeting. Nearly 500 SME members and attendees will gather for an evening of co*cktails, awards and dinner. Two bottles of wine at each table and a table tent will be placed at each table recognizing you as the sponsor.

SPONSORSHIP OPPORTUNITIES

141

SPONSORSHIP OPPORTUNITIES

Pocket Program$7,000 exclusive (4 Exhibitor Priority Points)

THE DEADLINE TO RESERVE POCKET PROGRAM IS JANUARY 6, 2014.Have your company name and logo advertised to thousands on the cover of the pocket program. Every registrant will receive a copy of the pocket program at the 2014 SME Annual Meeting.

Keynote SessionMonday February 24, 2014$6,000 exclusive (3 Exhibitor Priority Points)

Be one of the first to greet the SME attendees on the first day of the meeting. Sponsor will also have the opportunity to play the company video and offer brief welcoming remarks to the audience.

Registration List$5,000 exclusive (3 Exhibitor Priority Points)

THE DEADLINE TO RESERVE REGISTRATION LIST IS JANUARY 15, 2014.Have your company name and logo advertised to thousands on the cover of the registration list. Thousands of registrants will receive the advanced registration list at the 2014 SME Annual Meeting.

International ReceptionTuesday February 25, 2014$4,000 ea. (3 Exhibitor Priority Points)

Multiple Opportunities AvailableThis is the only sponsorship specifically tailored to a global audience. The reception attracts up to 500 guests. SME will email invitations, including the sponsor’s logo, to all non-US advance registered attendees. This is an opportunity to network with peers and enjoy hors d’oeurves and a hosted bar. The International Reception is a perfect way to influence international executives face-to-face at this by invitation only event. Sponsor name will also appear on table tents at food stations. Each sponsor will receive 10 tickets to the reception as a part of the sponsorship.

Scotch Night CapTuesday February 25, 2014$4,000 ea. (3 Exhibitor Priority Points) Multiple Opportunities AvailableThe Scotch Night Cap will feature entertainment, hors d’oeuvres and a variety of Scotchs that attendees can enjoy!

Benefits Include:• Recognition in the 2014 Pocket Program• Event-specific signage (where applicable)• Recognition at the sponsored event (where

applicable)• Company name printed on item (where applicable)• Recognition in Mining Engineering, the official

publication of the Society for Mining, Metallurgy & Exploration, Inc. (SME) in the January (Special Show Guide Issue), February (Special Show Guide Issue) and March issue.

• Company logo on SME Web page with a link to your company’s Website

• Sponsorship recognition ribbons

142

Industrial Minerals and Aggregates Division Luncheon & Silent AuctionTuesday February 25, 2014$4,500 exclusive (3 Exhibitor Priority Points) or

$1,000 supporting

Coal & Energy Division LuncheonTuesday February 25, 2014$4,500 exclusive (3 Exhibitor Priority Points) or

$1,000 supporting

Mineral & Metallurgical Processing Division LuncheonWednesday February 26, 2014$4,500 exclusive (3 Exhibitor Priority Points) or

$1,000 supporting

Environmental Division LuncheonWednesday February 26, 2014$4,500 exclusive (3 Exhibitor Priority Points) or

$1,000 supporting

SME Dinner Wine SponsorWednesday February 26, 2014$2,500 ea. (3 Exhibitor Priority Points)

SME Technical Session Sponsorship $1,500 ea. (1 Exhibitor Priority Points)

SME/NSSGA Student Design Competition$500 – $5,000 ea.(Several opportunities available.)

SME Photo Contest$500 – $5,000 ea.(Several opportunities available.)

SME Foundation Table Sponsors$2,500 ea.Includes one table of 8 and recognition throughout the event.

Benefits Include:• Recognition in the 2014 Pocket Program• Event-specific signage (where applicable)• Recognition at the sponsored event (where

applicable)• Company name printed on item (where applicable)• Recognition in Mining Engineering, the official

publication of the Society for Mining, Metallurgy & Exploration, Inc. (SME) in the January (Special Show Guide Issue), February (Special Show Guide Issue) and March issue.

• Company logo on SME Web page with a link to your company’s Website

• Sponsorship recognition ribbons

SPONSORSHIP OPPORTUNITIES

143

The Mineral Processing (MPD) and Environmental (ED) Divisions of the Society for Mining, Metallurgy and Exploration are holding the Water in Mineral Processing Symposium at the 2014 Annual Meeting. This symposium is focusing on the advanced physical and chemical methods of water purification and recycling to enable recovery of minerals and responsible mine site water management. The symposium is open to participants from both industy and academia and will focus on innovative water use and water purification technologies for mining, mineral processing and environmental applications.The MPD and ED are currently soliciting sponsorships in support of this symposium. Donations will be principally used to offset costs associated with support of the symposium plenary session with reception, coffee break and deferring select speaker costs.

Gold Level Sponsorship - $5,000With a Gold level sponsorship of the Water Symposium you will receive the following additional benefits:

• The opportunity to display one pop-up banner (3ft wide x 6ft tall) in the hallway outside the technical session room.

• Top Tier recognition with company logo on all signage for the Water Symposium.

• One complimentary advanced registration list.

Current Gold Level Sponsors:CH2M HillVeolia Water Solutions

Copper Level Sponsorship - $2,000With a Copper level sponsorship of the Water Symposium you will receive the following additional benefits:

• The opportunity to display handouts during all of the Water Symposium technical sessions.

• Second Tier recognition on Symposium signage.

Current Copper Level Sponsors:FLSmidthKemira North AmericaMWH Global

Iron Level Sponsorship - $1,000With an Iron level sponsorship of the Water Symposium you will also receive recognition on Symposium signage in addition to the benefits listed above.

Current Iron Level Sponsors:Blue Water TechnologiesHDR Salva

Benefits Include:• Recognition in the 2014 Pocket Program• Recognition on all 2014 Annual Meeting

and Exhibits Sponsorship Signage• Recognition in Mining Engineering, the

official publication of the Society for Mining, Metallurgy & Exploration, Inc. (SME) in the January (Special Show Guide Issue), February (Special Show Guide Issue) and March issue.

• Company logo on SME Web page with a link to your company’s Website

• Exhibitor Priority Points towards your 2015 booth selection

• Sponsorship recognition ribbons

SPONSORSHIP OPPORTUNITIESWater in Mineral Processing

Symposium Sponsorship

FUTURE MEETINGSProfessional Development for the Practicing Professional

Current Trends in Mining FinanceApril 28-29, 2014 New York, New York

Dreyer ConferenceOctober 19-21, 2014 Tampa, Florida

Critical MineralsAugust 4-5, 2014 Denver, Colorado

SME ArizonaConferenceDecember 7-8, 2014 Tucson, Arizona

SME Annual Meeting & Exhibit and CMA 117th National Western Mining ConferenceFebruary 15-18, 2015 Denver, Colorado

North American Tunneling ConferenceJune 22-25, 2014 Los Angeles, California

April 28-29, 2014 • City University of New York, Graduate Center • New York, NY

• Current overview and outlook for the global mining sector and capital markets.

• Issues and challenges faced by cash constrained mining companies.

• Where are the successful financings taking place? and How?

• What is the role of nontraditional sources of capital, e.g. private equity, royalty, streaming, crowd funding, etc.?

• What are the latest trends in the project finance, bank lending and debt markets?

• What are investors and bankers looking for in project feasibility studies?

• How do mining executives prepare for capital raisings, M&A, organic growth, risk management, etc.?

• What’s hot? and What’s not?

Send us your abstract now! Space is limited. The organizing committee has issued a call for presentations. The planned topics are:

The Society for Mining, Metallurgy and Exploration (SME), will host its second annual conference on Current Trends in Mining Finance in New York City. This two-day conference is intended for senior executives as well as mining industry specialists among bankers, analysts and investors, and will cover a range of important topics, including: general trends in project evaluation and investment decision-making; drivers of future industry mergers and acquisitions; tax and accounting issues facing the mining industry; risk factors in the current market environment; new sources of funding for mining projects; trends in mineral development agreements; and the impact of “soft” issues on mine development and finance. This is a unique opportunity to get current on important issues that affect project finance, investment and strategic planning.

CALL for PrESENTATIoNS

CUrrENT TrENDS IN MINING fINANCE

Is the Worst Over? Are Brighter Days Ahead? Where? and When?

Interested speakers should submit a preliminary abstract in the following format:• Presentation title.• Abstract content/description no more than 100 words.• Phone, Fax, email and mailing address of presenting author.• Send to: Tara Davis, SME, [emailprotected], 12999 E Adam Aircraft Cir., Englewood, CO 80112. • For more information go to www.smenet.org.• For information on sponsorship opportunities contact Liz Jones, 303-948-4216, [emailprotected].

Society for Mining, Metallurgy,and Exploration, Inc.12999 E. Adam Aircraft CircleEnglewood, CO 80112 USA

SME · 12999 E. Adam Aircraft Circle · Englewood, CO 80112www.smenet.org · 800.763.3132 · 303.948.4200 · [emailprotected]

NEW THIS YEAR: PDH Credits for Attendees!See page 4 for details

PRELIMINARY PROGRAM - Coast Geological Society · PRELIMINARY PROGRAM Official 2014 Meeting Sponsor SUPPLEMENT TO - [PDF Document] (2024)